Introduction: Multiple sclerosis is a multifactorial disease, with many factors still unknown to this day. Studies on migrants play a significant role in the epidemiological and etiological research of this condition....Introduction: Multiple sclerosis is a multifactorial disease, with many factors still unknown to this day. Studies on migrants play a significant role in the epidemiological and etiological research of this condition. Objective: This paper aims to study the impact of migration on the risk of developing multiple sclerosis. Methodology: A narrative review of the literature based on 80 articles retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect databases, using the following keywords: “multiple sclerosis”, “migration”, “migrants,” and “immigrants”, published from 1962 to 2022. Results: This review suggests that migration is a risk factor for multiple sclerosis. It supports the existence of an “age at migration” effect and highlights the particular role of environmental factors. The trend also points to an increased risk for second-generation immigrants compared to initial studies. Conclusion: Concepts regarding migrants and the risk of developing multiple sclerosis have evolved significantly over the past three decades. The older theory that those migrating after age 15 retain the risk of their country of birth is now less widely accepted, especially in cases of migration to high-prevalence regions, as they may influence future disease risk even into adulthood.展开更多
This study analyses change in rainfall and temperature indices by 2035 and 2050 in Senegal, with a focus on the Fatick region. These parameters are crucial for understanding the impacts of anthropogenic climate change...This study analyses change in rainfall and temperature indices by 2035 and 2050 in Senegal, with a focus on the Fatick region. These parameters are crucial for understanding the impacts of anthropogenic climate change on some vital socio-economic sectors such as agriculture and water resources in this region. To this end, a multi model ensemble mean of 21 bias-adjusted global climate models participating in CMIP5 has been used. We considered two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). The results indicate an increase of 0.7˚C for maximum and minimum temperature by 2035 compared to the reference period (1976 - 2005). By 2050, an increase of 1.4˚C (2˚C) is projected for RCP4.5 (RCP8.5). These increases in temperature are statistically significant at the 90% confidence level. Conversely, the mean rainy season length decreases from 95 to 85 days by 2035 and less than 80 days by 2050. These decreases in rainy season length are mainly due to a delayed rainy season onset by 2035 and 2050, with the ensemble mean projecting an onset in the second half of July by 2050 instead of around the middle of June. The changes in both the onset and the length of the rainy season are significant at the 90% confidence level. Our results show a slight decrease in seasonal cumulated total rainfall by 2035 and 2050. However, we note a slight increase in seasonal cumulated extreme rainfall. These future changes in climate indices could induce yield reduction and water resources availability. To reduce yield losses, it would be interesting to adopt longer season varieties and also diversify income-generating activities. Concerning water resources, many actions could be done such as carrying out water retention works, treatment and reuse of non-conforming water for agriculture and livestock to reduce pressure on the resource.展开更多
Objectives: To describe the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic characteristics of thyroid disease at the University Hospital of Conakry, Guinea. Methods: This was a descriptive study with prospective data colle...Objectives: To describe the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic characteristics of thyroid disease at the University Hospital of Conakry, Guinea. Methods: This was a descriptive study with prospective data collection, carried out over the period of December 2016 to April 2019 at the endocrinology outpatient consultation at the University Hospital of Conakry. All the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic data of the patients followed-up for thyroid disease were collected, analyzed and classified according to the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic profile. The functional, morphological and autoimmune aspects of the thyroid gland were studied. Results: Out of a total of 3.517 endocrinology consultations during the study period, 204 patients were diagnosed with thyroid disease (180 women and 24 men, F/H ratio: 7.5). The average age was 47 ± 16 years. A total of 90 patients (44.33%) had hyperthyroidism, including 52 cases of Graves-Basedow disease (57.6%) and 24 cases of toxic multi-nodular goiter (32.6%). Hypothyroidism was confirmed in 25 patients (11%);about half (48%) of them had a complete thyroid surgery. The treatment of hyperthyroidism was exclusively done by synthetic antithyroid drugs, except 5 cases of Hashimoto disease with transient initial hyperthyroidism phase. Hypothyroidism was treated by hormone replacement therapy. Thyroidectomy, partial (n = 5) or total (n = 12), was performed for aesthetic discomfort (n = 6), cervical compression (n = 8) and suspicion of thyroid cancer (n = 3). Follow-up was considered regular in 40 cases (44%). Conclusion: Thyroid disease was frequent in this study conducted in Conakry and its clinical features were very diverse, dominated by hyperthyroidism mainly due to Grave disease. However, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies were hindered by the limitation in availability of biological and morphological explorations.展开更多
The objective of this study was to describe Thrombotic manifestations and therapeutic management during HIV infection and tuberculosis in a 19-year-old male student. The objective of this study was to describe Thrombo...The objective of this study was to describe Thrombotic manifestations and therapeutic management during HIV infection and tuberculosis in a 19-year-old male student. The objective of this study was to describe Thrombotic manifestations and therapeutic management during HIV infection and tuberculosis in a 19-year-old student. Observation: It is Mr. S. C., aged 19, admitted for pain and swelling of the right lower limb, physical asthenia and notion of fever. Evolution 5 days, with no particular history of cardiovascular disease, anti-retroviral treatment for 1 year and anti-tuberculosis treatment for 3 months. On clinical examination heart sounds are irregular with a heart rate at 115 bpm, blood pressure at 110/70 mmhg. A febrile red painful swelling at right lower limb with positive Homans sign. 0°C (Temperature 37.7°C), Weight at 58 Kg. The rest of the clinical examination is without particularity. Venous Doppler echo of the lower limbs: shows the presence of acute deep vein thrombosis of the right lateral vein. Mr. S. C. to benefit the following Medical Treatment: lovenox 0.6 UI subcutaneously morning and evening, Sintrom 4 mg 1 comprimed at night, Tramadol 50 mg morning and evening;with a good clinical evolution. CONCLUSION: TB and HIV are chronic infections that result in widespread inflammation predisposing patients to a MTVE (Venous thromboembolic disease) table as well as rifampicin and anti-proteases.展开更多
The Republic of Guinea experiences a tropical climate marked by a dry season influenced by the Harmattan winds and a rainy season driven by the West African monsoon,with a mean annual rainfall of approximately 1835 mm...The Republic of Guinea experiences a tropical climate marked by a dry season influenced by the Harmattan winds and a rainy season driven by the West African monsoon,with a mean annual rainfall of approximately 1835 mm.This study examines precipitation trends using meteorological data from twelve synoptic stations over the period 1983-2013.Twelve precipitation indices,classified into four categories:hydrological,agro-hydrological,agronomic,and extreme precipitation indices,were analyzed to assess spatiotemporal variability.Trends were evaluated using the Mann-Kendall test at significance levels of 90%.Results reveal a pronounced north-south gradient in rainfall distribution,with the south receiving more abundant and intense precipitation.Agro-hydrological indices indicate that the rainy season begins around mid-January in southern regions,while the monsoon onset occurs nationwide by May 1st.Seven-day wet spells are frequent in the south,whereas dry spells predominate in northern areas.Conakry exhibits a high frequency of extreme wet events,in contrast to northern regions,which are more susceptible to severe dry conditions.Trend analysis shows a significant increase in wet-day indices,while indices related to dry days and extreme rainfall events display a statistically significant decrease.展开更多
文摘Introduction: Multiple sclerosis is a multifactorial disease, with many factors still unknown to this day. Studies on migrants play a significant role in the epidemiological and etiological research of this condition. Objective: This paper aims to study the impact of migration on the risk of developing multiple sclerosis. Methodology: A narrative review of the literature based on 80 articles retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect databases, using the following keywords: “multiple sclerosis”, “migration”, “migrants,” and “immigrants”, published from 1962 to 2022. Results: This review suggests that migration is a risk factor for multiple sclerosis. It supports the existence of an “age at migration” effect and highlights the particular role of environmental factors. The trend also points to an increased risk for second-generation immigrants compared to initial studies. Conclusion: Concepts regarding migrants and the risk of developing multiple sclerosis have evolved significantly over the past three decades. The older theory that those migrating after age 15 retain the risk of their country of birth is now less widely accepted, especially in cases of migration to high-prevalence regions, as they may influence future disease risk even into adulthood.
文摘This study analyses change in rainfall and temperature indices by 2035 and 2050 in Senegal, with a focus on the Fatick region. These parameters are crucial for understanding the impacts of anthropogenic climate change on some vital socio-economic sectors such as agriculture and water resources in this region. To this end, a multi model ensemble mean of 21 bias-adjusted global climate models participating in CMIP5 has been used. We considered two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). The results indicate an increase of 0.7˚C for maximum and minimum temperature by 2035 compared to the reference period (1976 - 2005). By 2050, an increase of 1.4˚C (2˚C) is projected for RCP4.5 (RCP8.5). These increases in temperature are statistically significant at the 90% confidence level. Conversely, the mean rainy season length decreases from 95 to 85 days by 2035 and less than 80 days by 2050. These decreases in rainy season length are mainly due to a delayed rainy season onset by 2035 and 2050, with the ensemble mean projecting an onset in the second half of July by 2050 instead of around the middle of June. The changes in both the onset and the length of the rainy season are significant at the 90% confidence level. Our results show a slight decrease in seasonal cumulated total rainfall by 2035 and 2050. However, we note a slight increase in seasonal cumulated extreme rainfall. These future changes in climate indices could induce yield reduction and water resources availability. To reduce yield losses, it would be interesting to adopt longer season varieties and also diversify income-generating activities. Concerning water resources, many actions could be done such as carrying out water retention works, treatment and reuse of non-conforming water for agriculture and livestock to reduce pressure on the resource.
文摘Objectives: To describe the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic characteristics of thyroid disease at the University Hospital of Conakry, Guinea. Methods: This was a descriptive study with prospective data collection, carried out over the period of December 2016 to April 2019 at the endocrinology outpatient consultation at the University Hospital of Conakry. All the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic data of the patients followed-up for thyroid disease were collected, analyzed and classified according to the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic profile. The functional, morphological and autoimmune aspects of the thyroid gland were studied. Results: Out of a total of 3.517 endocrinology consultations during the study period, 204 patients were diagnosed with thyroid disease (180 women and 24 men, F/H ratio: 7.5). The average age was 47 ± 16 years. A total of 90 patients (44.33%) had hyperthyroidism, including 52 cases of Graves-Basedow disease (57.6%) and 24 cases of toxic multi-nodular goiter (32.6%). Hypothyroidism was confirmed in 25 patients (11%);about half (48%) of them had a complete thyroid surgery. The treatment of hyperthyroidism was exclusively done by synthetic antithyroid drugs, except 5 cases of Hashimoto disease with transient initial hyperthyroidism phase. Hypothyroidism was treated by hormone replacement therapy. Thyroidectomy, partial (n = 5) or total (n = 12), was performed for aesthetic discomfort (n = 6), cervical compression (n = 8) and suspicion of thyroid cancer (n = 3). Follow-up was considered regular in 40 cases (44%). Conclusion: Thyroid disease was frequent in this study conducted in Conakry and its clinical features were very diverse, dominated by hyperthyroidism mainly due to Grave disease. However, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies were hindered by the limitation in availability of biological and morphological explorations.
文摘The objective of this study was to describe Thrombotic manifestations and therapeutic management during HIV infection and tuberculosis in a 19-year-old male student. The objective of this study was to describe Thrombotic manifestations and therapeutic management during HIV infection and tuberculosis in a 19-year-old student. Observation: It is Mr. S. C., aged 19, admitted for pain and swelling of the right lower limb, physical asthenia and notion of fever. Evolution 5 days, with no particular history of cardiovascular disease, anti-retroviral treatment for 1 year and anti-tuberculosis treatment for 3 months. On clinical examination heart sounds are irregular with a heart rate at 115 bpm, blood pressure at 110/70 mmhg. A febrile red painful swelling at right lower limb with positive Homans sign. 0°C (Temperature 37.7°C), Weight at 58 Kg. The rest of the clinical examination is without particularity. Venous Doppler echo of the lower limbs: shows the presence of acute deep vein thrombosis of the right lateral vein. Mr. S. C. to benefit the following Medical Treatment: lovenox 0.6 UI subcutaneously morning and evening, Sintrom 4 mg 1 comprimed at night, Tramadol 50 mg morning and evening;with a good clinical evolution. CONCLUSION: TB and HIV are chronic infections that result in widespread inflammation predisposing patients to a MTVE (Venous thromboembolic disease) table as well as rifampicin and anti-proteases.
基金funded by the Guinean Government through the project for the training of 5000 Masters and 1000 PhDs under the Ministry of Higher Education,Scientific Research,and Innovation(MESRSI).
文摘The Republic of Guinea experiences a tropical climate marked by a dry season influenced by the Harmattan winds and a rainy season driven by the West African monsoon,with a mean annual rainfall of approximately 1835 mm.This study examines precipitation trends using meteorological data from twelve synoptic stations over the period 1983-2013.Twelve precipitation indices,classified into four categories:hydrological,agro-hydrological,agronomic,and extreme precipitation indices,were analyzed to assess spatiotemporal variability.Trends were evaluated using the Mann-Kendall test at significance levels of 90%.Results reveal a pronounced north-south gradient in rainfall distribution,with the south receiving more abundant and intense precipitation.Agro-hydrological indices indicate that the rainy season begins around mid-January in southern regions,while the monsoon onset occurs nationwide by May 1st.Seven-day wet spells are frequent in the south,whereas dry spells predominate in northern areas.Conakry exhibits a high frequency of extreme wet events,in contrast to northern regions,which are more susceptible to severe dry conditions.Trend analysis shows a significant increase in wet-day indices,while indices related to dry days and extreme rainfall events display a statistically significant decrease.
