The discrepancy between the surgical technique and the type of adjuvant chemotherapy used in clinical trials and patient outcomes in terms of overall survival rates has led to the generation of different adjuvant trea...The discrepancy between the surgical technique and the type of adjuvant chemotherapy used in clinical trials and patient outcomes in terms of overall survival rates has led to the generation of different adjuvant treatment protocols in distinct parts of the world.The adjuvant treatment recommendation is generally chemoradiotherapy in the United States,perioperative chemotherapy in the United Kingdom and parts of Europe,and chemotherapy in Asia.These options mainly rely on the United States Intergroup-0116,United Kingdom British Medical Research Council Adjuvant Gastric Infusional Chemotherapy,and the Asian Adjuvant Chemotherapy Trial of S-1 for Gastric Cancer and Capecitabine and Oxaliplatin Adjuvant Study in Stomach Cancer trials.However,the benefits were evident for only certain patients,which were not very homogeneous regarding the type of surgery,chemotherapy regimens,and stage of disease.Whether the dissimilarities in survival are attributable to surgical technique or intrinsic biological differences is a subject of debate.Regardless of the extent of surgery,multimodal therapy may offer modest survival advantage at least for diseases with lymph node involvement.Moreover,in the era of individualized treatment for most of the other cancer types,identification of special subgroups comprising those who will derive more or no benefit from adjuvant therapy merits further investigation.The aim of this review is to reveal the historical evolution and future reflections of adjuvant treatment modalities for resected gastric cancer patients.展开更多
Most of the spatially moving vehicles and game controllers use a 2-3 DOF （degrees of freedom） joystick to manipulate objects position. However, most of the spatially moving vehicles have more than 3 degrees of freed...Most of the spatially moving vehicles and game controllers use a 2-3 DOF （degrees of freedom） joystick to manipulate objects position. However, most of the spatially moving vehicles have more than 3 degrees of freedom, such as helicopters, quadrotors, and planes. Therefore, additional equipment like pedals or buttons is required during the manipulation. In this study, a passive Stewart platform based 6 degrees of freedom joystick was developed to control spatially moving objects. The Stewart platform mechanism is a 6-degrees of freedom parallel mechanism, which has been used for simulators. The main challenge of using a parallel mechanism to manipulate objects is the computational burden of its forward kinematics. Therefore, an artificial neural network was used for the forward kinematic solution of the Stewart platform mechanism to obtain the fastest response. Linear potentiometers were used for the Stewart platform legs. A mathematical model of a quadrotor was used to test the capability of the joystick. The developed spatial joystick successfully manipulated the virtual quadrotor model.展开更多
As global energy demand continues to rise with fossil fuels dwindling at a faster rate,posing energy and environmental concerns,there is a growing interest in exploring alternative,green,and renewable energy sources.A...As global energy demand continues to rise with fossil fuels dwindling at a faster rate,posing energy and environmental concerns,there is a growing interest in exploring alternative,green,and renewable energy sources.Ammonia is a key hydrogen energy carrier and precursor to many value-added products,and the efforts for its generation at commercial scale using greener methods are intensifying to mitigate the reliance on the energy-intensive Haber-Bosch process.The electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction(e-NRR)is a highly promising way of synthesizing ammonia under energy-efficient,green,and ambient conditions.Despite its attractive potential,the activity and efficiency of conventional e-NRR catalysts are still a major concern due to low selectivity and poor ammonia yields.Inspired by the FeFe and FeV cofactors present in nitrogenases,this study reports the synthesis and electrocatalytic evaluation of FeVO_(4)catalyst for N_(2)reduction.The FeVO_(4)nanoparticles anchored on Fe foam(FF)could serve as an efficient electrocatalyst for the electrochemical nitrogen fixation,achieving a significant performance with highest NH_(3)yield of 22.5μg·h^(-1)·mg^(-1)and Faradaic efficiency(FE)of 20.74%at-0.2 VRHE in 0.1 M Na_(2)SO_(4).The FeVO_(4)electrocatalyst exhibited robust electrochemical stability for 24 h of operation at-0.2 VRHE.The high catalytic performance originated from the synergistic interactions between Fe and V which serve as dual electron donation centers for effective e-NRR.Furthermore,the coupling interaction between FeVO_(4)and FF support exposed abundant intrinsic active sites and facilitated beneficial charge transfer further inducing superior e-NRR activity.Density functional theory(DFT)computations disclosed that surface Fe atoms are the main active centers for e-NRR which proceed via the alternating pathway.展开更多
Biomolecules with metals can form supramolecular nanomaterials through coordination assembly,opening new avenues for cancer theranostics and bringing unique insights into personalized nanomedicine.These biomaterials h...Biomolecules with metals can form supramolecular nanomaterials through coordination assembly,opening new avenues for cancer theranostics and bringing unique insights into personalized nanomedicine.These biomaterials have been considered versatile and innovative nanoagents due to their structure‒function control,biological nature,and simple preparation methods.This review article summarized the recent developments in multicomponent nanomaterials formed from metal coordination interactions with amino acids,peptides,and proteins,together with anticancer drugs,for cancer theranostics.We discussed the role of functional groups anchored in building blocks for coordination interactions,and subsequently,the types of interactions were examined from a structure‒function perspective.Amino acids with different metals and anticancer drugs forming supramolecular nanomaterials and their anticancer mechanisms were highlighted.Peptides with different metals and anticancer drugs,proteins with metals and anticancer drugs used for material formations,and anticancer activity have been discussed.Ultimately,the conclusion and future outlook for multicomponent supramolecular nanomaterials offer fundamental insights into fabrication design and precision medicine.展开更多
Rapid development of pharmaceuticals outpaces the efforts to regulate and monitor their trace concentrations in the environment.This emerging issue can only be solved through field studies,solid fate and transport mod...Rapid development of pharmaceuticals outpaces the efforts to regulate and monitor their trace concentrations in the environment.This emerging issue can only be solved through field studies,solid fate and transport models,and adequate risk assessment of the concerned contaminants.This approach requires the availability of toxicological information about the contaminants along with an understanding of their full potential in different media of the environment.This review paper focuses on commonly used seven pharmaceutical families across the globe:antacids,antibiotics,antidepressants,antiepileptics,beta blockers,lipid lowering drugs,and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.Within each family,pharmaceuticals which are widely prescribed,studied,and frequently detected in environment were selected.The concentration levels in the environment,updated physicochemical properties,main natural removal mechanism,and ecological risk assessment towards the receptors of those pharmaceuticals in aquatic and terrestrial systems were analyzed.The following results were observed in the literature:1)removal of the pharmaceuticals from wastewater treatment plants is reduced when the dissolved organic matter present;2)many studies have cited older physicochemical properties of the concerned pharmaceuticals assuming relative conditions in their studies which can affect the accuracy of a model;3)the number of studies are very limited for fate and transport in the soil;and 4)there is lack of cumulative risk assessment of mixed pharmaceutical substances.Therefore,this review will provide modeler with updated physiochemical properties;it will guide researchers to focus on removal of those contaminants at different lifecycle stages;and it will provide guidance to policy makers to develop effective policies and regulations.展开更多
文摘The discrepancy between the surgical technique and the type of adjuvant chemotherapy used in clinical trials and patient outcomes in terms of overall survival rates has led to the generation of different adjuvant treatment protocols in distinct parts of the world.The adjuvant treatment recommendation is generally chemoradiotherapy in the United States,perioperative chemotherapy in the United Kingdom and parts of Europe,and chemotherapy in Asia.These options mainly rely on the United States Intergroup-0116,United Kingdom British Medical Research Council Adjuvant Gastric Infusional Chemotherapy,and the Asian Adjuvant Chemotherapy Trial of S-1 for Gastric Cancer and Capecitabine and Oxaliplatin Adjuvant Study in Stomach Cancer trials.However,the benefits were evident for only certain patients,which were not very homogeneous regarding the type of surgery,chemotherapy regimens,and stage of disease.Whether the dissimilarities in survival are attributable to surgical technique or intrinsic biological differences is a subject of debate.Regardless of the extent of surgery,multimodal therapy may offer modest survival advantage at least for diseases with lymph node involvement.Moreover,in the era of individualized treatment for most of the other cancer types,identification of special subgroups comprising those who will derive more or no benefit from adjuvant therapy merits further investigation.The aim of this review is to reveal the historical evolution and future reflections of adjuvant treatment modalities for resected gastric cancer patients.
文摘Most of the spatially moving vehicles and game controllers use a 2-3 DOF （degrees of freedom） joystick to manipulate objects position. However, most of the spatially moving vehicles have more than 3 degrees of freedom, such as helicopters, quadrotors, and planes. Therefore, additional equipment like pedals or buttons is required during the manipulation. In this study, a passive Stewart platform based 6 degrees of freedom joystick was developed to control spatially moving objects. The Stewart platform mechanism is a 6-degrees of freedom parallel mechanism, which has been used for simulators. The main challenge of using a parallel mechanism to manipulate objects is the computational burden of its forward kinematics. Therefore, an artificial neural network was used for the forward kinematic solution of the Stewart platform mechanism to obtain the fastest response. Linear potentiometers were used for the Stewart platform legs. A mathematical model of a quadrotor was used to test the capability of the joystick. The developed spatial joystick successfully manipulated the virtual quadrotor model.
基金supported by the Khalifa University of Science and Technology under the Advanced Materials Chemistry Center(AMCC).
文摘As global energy demand continues to rise with fossil fuels dwindling at a faster rate,posing energy and environmental concerns,there is a growing interest in exploring alternative,green,and renewable energy sources.Ammonia is a key hydrogen energy carrier and precursor to many value-added products,and the efforts for its generation at commercial scale using greener methods are intensifying to mitigate the reliance on the energy-intensive Haber-Bosch process.The electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction(e-NRR)is a highly promising way of synthesizing ammonia under energy-efficient,green,and ambient conditions.Despite its attractive potential,the activity and efficiency of conventional e-NRR catalysts are still a major concern due to low selectivity and poor ammonia yields.Inspired by the FeFe and FeV cofactors present in nitrogenases,this study reports the synthesis and electrocatalytic evaluation of FeVO_(4)catalyst for N_(2)reduction.The FeVO_(4)nanoparticles anchored on Fe foam(FF)could serve as an efficient electrocatalyst for the electrochemical nitrogen fixation,achieving a significant performance with highest NH_(3)yield of 22.5μg·h^(-1)·mg^(-1)and Faradaic efficiency(FE)of 20.74%at-0.2 VRHE in 0.1 M Na_(2)SO_(4).The FeVO_(4)electrocatalyst exhibited robust electrochemical stability for 24 h of operation at-0.2 VRHE.The high catalytic performance originated from the synergistic interactions between Fe and V which serve as dual electron donation centers for effective e-NRR.Furthermore,the coupling interaction between FeVO_(4)and FF support exposed abundant intrinsic active sites and facilitated beneficial charge transfer further inducing superior e-NRR activity.Density functional theory(DFT)computations disclosed that surface Fe atoms are the main active centers for e-NRR which proceed via the alternating pathway.
基金support from the Khalifa University for the start-up project(No.8474000462)support for the Functional Biomaterials Group(No.8474000624)+1 种基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22072154 and 22377127)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.2021048).
文摘Biomolecules with metals can form supramolecular nanomaterials through coordination assembly,opening new avenues for cancer theranostics and bringing unique insights into personalized nanomedicine.These biomaterials have been considered versatile and innovative nanoagents due to their structure‒function control,biological nature,and simple preparation methods.This review article summarized the recent developments in multicomponent nanomaterials formed from metal coordination interactions with amino acids,peptides,and proteins,together with anticancer drugs,for cancer theranostics.We discussed the role of functional groups anchored in building blocks for coordination interactions,and subsequently,the types of interactions were examined from a structure‒function perspective.Amino acids with different metals and anticancer drugs forming supramolecular nanomaterials and their anticancer mechanisms were highlighted.Peptides with different metals and anticancer drugs,proteins with metals and anticancer drugs used for material formations,and anticancer activity have been discussed.Ultimately,the conclusion and future outlook for multicomponent supramolecular nanomaterials offer fundamental insights into fabrication design and precision medicine.
文摘Rapid development of pharmaceuticals outpaces the efforts to regulate and monitor their trace concentrations in the environment.This emerging issue can only be solved through field studies,solid fate and transport models,and adequate risk assessment of the concerned contaminants.This approach requires the availability of toxicological information about the contaminants along with an understanding of their full potential in different media of the environment.This review paper focuses on commonly used seven pharmaceutical families across the globe:antacids,antibiotics,antidepressants,antiepileptics,beta blockers,lipid lowering drugs,and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.Within each family,pharmaceuticals which are widely prescribed,studied,and frequently detected in environment were selected.The concentration levels in the environment,updated physicochemical properties,main natural removal mechanism,and ecological risk assessment towards the receptors of those pharmaceuticals in aquatic and terrestrial systems were analyzed.The following results were observed in the literature:1)removal of the pharmaceuticals from wastewater treatment plants is reduced when the dissolved organic matter present;2)many studies have cited older physicochemical properties of the concerned pharmaceuticals assuming relative conditions in their studies which can affect the accuracy of a model;3)the number of studies are very limited for fate and transport in the soil;and 4)there is lack of cumulative risk assessment of mixed pharmaceutical substances.Therefore,this review will provide modeler with updated physiochemical properties;it will guide researchers to focus on removal of those contaminants at different lifecycle stages;and it will provide guidance to policy makers to develop effective policies and regulations.
