Root-knot nematodes(RKNs)are obligate endoparasites that feed on their host plants to complete its life cycle,representing a major threat to agriculture and economy worldwide.The development of new management strategi...Root-knot nematodes(RKNs)are obligate endoparasites that feed on their host plants to complete its life cycle,representing a major threat to agriculture and economy worldwide.The development of new management strategies becomes essential as effective chemical nematicides are progressively being restricted.Hence,we analysed grape pomace-derived biochars,pyrolysed at 350℃(BC350)and 700℃(BC700),focusing on their potential for RKN control.The thermal treatment of grape pomace caused an increase in the concentration of carbon and plant macro-and micronutrients,which were largely present in a water-soluble form.Synchrotron radiation-based Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy data showed a general loss of carboxylic functional groups during pyrolysis,partially contributing to the alkalinisation of both biochars,mostly in BC700.Scanning electron microscopy coupled with energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis revealed a highly porous structure filled with different crystals composed of elements such as K,Ca,Mg,P,Si or Al,which could be a suitable environment for the growth of microorganisms.Biochar-derived aqueous extracts showed phytotoxicity to tomato seedlings at high concentrations,and disappeared upon dilution,but no toxic effect was observed on the nematode’s infective stage.However,the infective and reproductive traits of a Meloidogyne javanica population in tomato were significantly reduced(i.e.egg masses and eggs per plant)in washed-biochar-treated soil in pots(0.75%;BC350W).Therefore,the large amount of grape waste generated after wine production can be transformed into a valuable product such as biochar,effective for RKNs control,thus reducing the waste management problem and contributing to a circular economy.展开更多
基金Spanish Government(PID2019-105924RB-I00 MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033,RED2018-102407-T)to CE,and(AGL2014-53771-R,AGL2017-87591-R)to LEHCastilla-La Mancha Government(SBPLY/17/180501/000287 and SBPLY/21/180501/000033)to CE.+1 种基金AM-G was recipient of a PhD grant from Fundación Tatiana Pérez de Guzmán el BuenoEU FEDER funds complemented all the grants.
文摘Root-knot nematodes(RKNs)are obligate endoparasites that feed on their host plants to complete its life cycle,representing a major threat to agriculture and economy worldwide.The development of new management strategies becomes essential as effective chemical nematicides are progressively being restricted.Hence,we analysed grape pomace-derived biochars,pyrolysed at 350℃(BC350)and 700℃(BC700),focusing on their potential for RKN control.The thermal treatment of grape pomace caused an increase in the concentration of carbon and plant macro-and micronutrients,which were largely present in a water-soluble form.Synchrotron radiation-based Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy data showed a general loss of carboxylic functional groups during pyrolysis,partially contributing to the alkalinisation of both biochars,mostly in BC700.Scanning electron microscopy coupled with energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis revealed a highly porous structure filled with different crystals composed of elements such as K,Ca,Mg,P,Si or Al,which could be a suitable environment for the growth of microorganisms.Biochar-derived aqueous extracts showed phytotoxicity to tomato seedlings at high concentrations,and disappeared upon dilution,but no toxic effect was observed on the nematode’s infective stage.However,the infective and reproductive traits of a Meloidogyne javanica population in tomato were significantly reduced(i.e.egg masses and eggs per plant)in washed-biochar-treated soil in pots(0.75%;BC350W).Therefore,the large amount of grape waste generated after wine production can be transformed into a valuable product such as biochar,effective for RKNs control,thus reducing the waste management problem and contributing to a circular economy.
