In October 1999, rainfall induced landslides devastated different communities of the Sierra Norte, Puebla, causing more than 250 victims and economic losses greater than $ 450 million. The town of Zacapoaxtla was one ...In October 1999, rainfall induced landslides devastated different communities of the Sierra Norte, Puebla, causing more than 250 victims and economic losses greater than $ 450 million. The town of Zacapoaxtla was one of the sectors most affected by slope instability due to the existing geological features and geomorphic characters determined by material properties, landforms and processes. Extensive areas formed by pyroclastic piedmonts developed on the Quaternary volcanic ignimbrite deposits highly dissected by marginal gully erosion combined with an extreme rainfall event played a significant role as an ideal scenario for the occurrence of landsliding. Distribution of landslides triggered by rainfall within the main sector of the Zacapoaxtla municipality was analyzed by using IKONOS images in terms of exploring the likely relationship between mass movement incidence and levels of vegetation density. The later was undertaken by means of producing an NDVI and applying a fragmentation algorithm. Finally, a map of potential areas of mass movements risk was produced based on the combination of a socio-economic vulnerability index, geologic and geomorphological maps and the spatial landslide distribution.展开更多
One of the most important causes of brain injury in the neonatal period is a perinatal hypoxicischemic event.This devastating condition can lead to long-term neurological deficits or even death.After hypoxic-ischemic ...One of the most important causes of brain injury in the neonatal period is a perinatal hypoxicischemic event.This devastating condition can lead to long-term neurological deficits or even death.After hypoxic-ischemic brain injury,a variety of specific cellular mechanisms are set in motion,triggering cell damage and finally producing cell death.Effective therapeutic treatments against this phenomenon are still unavailable because of complex molecular mechanisms underlying hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.After a thorough understanding of the mechanism underlying neural plasticity following hypoxic-ischemic brain injury,various neuroprotective therapies have been developed for alleviating brain injury and improving long-term outcomes.Among them,the endocannabinoid system emerges as a natural system of neuroprotection.The endocannabinoid system modulates a wide range of physiological processes in mammals and has demonstrated neuroprotective effects in different paradigms of acute brain injury,acting as a natural neuroprotectant.The aim of this review is to study the use of different therapies to induce long-term therapeutic effects after hypoxic-ischemic brain injury,and analyze the important role of the endocannabinoid system as a new neuroprotective strategy against perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.展开更多
背景：雌激素受体（estrogen-receptor，ER）状态可用于预测乳腺癌患者内分泌治疗的疗效，也有助于预测哪些患者可从新型辅助化疗中获益。
目的：比较ER阴性和ER阳性乳腺癌患者接受辅助化疗后的疗效差异。
设计、地点及患者：试验资...背景：雌激素受体（estrogen-receptor，ER）状态可用于预测乳腺癌患者内分泌治疗的疗效，也有助于预测哪些患者可从新型辅助化疗中获益。
目的：比较ER阴性和ER阳性乳腺癌患者接受辅助化疗后的疗效差异。
设计、地点及患者：试验资料取自“肿瘤及白血病研究小组B”（Cancerand Leukemia Group B）以及“美国乳腺癌群组”（US Breast Cancer Intergroup）；采用各时段的危险度及多变量模型对患者的ER状态进行比较。展开更多
文摘In October 1999, rainfall induced landslides devastated different communities of the Sierra Norte, Puebla, causing more than 250 victims and economic losses greater than $ 450 million. The town of Zacapoaxtla was one of the sectors most affected by slope instability due to the existing geological features and geomorphic characters determined by material properties, landforms and processes. Extensive areas formed by pyroclastic piedmonts developed on the Quaternary volcanic ignimbrite deposits highly dissected by marginal gully erosion combined with an extreme rainfall event played a significant role as an ideal scenario for the occurrence of landsliding. Distribution of landslides triggered by rainfall within the main sector of the Zacapoaxtla municipality was analyzed by using IKONOS images in terms of exploring the likely relationship between mass movement incidence and levels of vegetation density. The later was undertaken by means of producing an NDVI and applying a fragmentation algorithm. Finally, a map of potential areas of mass movements risk was produced based on the combination of a socio-economic vulnerability index, geologic and geomorphological maps and the spatial landslide distribution.
基金supported by grants from Funding Health Care of Spanish Ministry of Health,No. PS09/ 02326from the Basque Government,No. GCI-07/79,IT-287-07
文摘One of the most important causes of brain injury in the neonatal period is a perinatal hypoxicischemic event.This devastating condition can lead to long-term neurological deficits or even death.After hypoxic-ischemic brain injury,a variety of specific cellular mechanisms are set in motion,triggering cell damage and finally producing cell death.Effective therapeutic treatments against this phenomenon are still unavailable because of complex molecular mechanisms underlying hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.After a thorough understanding of the mechanism underlying neural plasticity following hypoxic-ischemic brain injury,various neuroprotective therapies have been developed for alleviating brain injury and improving long-term outcomes.Among them,the endocannabinoid system emerges as a natural system of neuroprotection.The endocannabinoid system modulates a wide range of physiological processes in mammals and has demonstrated neuroprotective effects in different paradigms of acute brain injury,acting as a natural neuroprotectant.The aim of this review is to study the use of different therapies to induce long-term therapeutic effects after hypoxic-ischemic brain injury,and analyze the important role of the endocannabinoid system as a new neuroprotective strategy against perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.
文摘背景：雌激素受体（estrogen-receptor，ER）状态可用于预测乳腺癌患者内分泌治疗的疗效，也有助于预测哪些患者可从新型辅助化疗中获益。
目的：比较ER阴性和ER阳性乳腺癌患者接受辅助化疗后的疗效差异。
设计、地点及患者：试验资料取自“肿瘤及白血病研究小组B”（Cancerand Leukemia Group B）以及“美国乳腺癌群组”（US Breast Cancer Intergroup）；采用各时段的危险度及多变量模型对患者的ER状态进行比较。
