Nitrate application in oil field water systems is a maturing technology.The treatment has been widely implemented around the world.In seawater applications,the technology has proven to effectively control SRB(sulfate ...Nitrate application in oil field water systems is a maturing technology.The treatment has been widely implemented around the world.In seawater applications,the technology has proven to effectively control SRB(sulfate reducing bacteria)activity and the associated generation of H2S(hydrogen sulfide);however,in produced water applications,a number of concerns have been raised,ranging from the effect of stimulated biomass growth on formations and equipment to elevated corrosion rates and increased downtime.Nitrate treatment has been implemented for approximately three years at a Central Arabia oil field.This paper discusses the mechanisms of nitrate application in controlling biological generation of sulfide and tested sulfate and nitrate respiration using wild SRB enrichment culture.The results indicated that SRB thriving in oil field environment includes species that are able to respire nitrate,i.e.,they can switch readily from sulfate reduction to a nitrate reduction pathway.The addition of nitrate was effective in controlling the biogenic sulfide.The study also evaluated a panel of PCR(polymerase chain reaction)primers targeting 16S RNA gene or some specific genes for characterization of the general microbial community and the SRB community.It is found that PCR primers targeting the genes encoding sulfate reduction activity,the gene encoding NiFe-hydrogenase,and the 16S rRNA gene could be used efficiently to monitor the diversity of SRB in oil fields.展开更多
文摘Nitrate application in oil field water systems is a maturing technology.The treatment has been widely implemented around the world.In seawater applications,the technology has proven to effectively control SRB(sulfate reducing bacteria)activity and the associated generation of H2S(hydrogen sulfide);however,in produced water applications,a number of concerns have been raised,ranging from the effect of stimulated biomass growth on formations and equipment to elevated corrosion rates and increased downtime.Nitrate treatment has been implemented for approximately three years at a Central Arabia oil field.This paper discusses the mechanisms of nitrate application in controlling biological generation of sulfide and tested sulfate and nitrate respiration using wild SRB enrichment culture.The results indicated that SRB thriving in oil field environment includes species that are able to respire nitrate,i.e.,they can switch readily from sulfate reduction to a nitrate reduction pathway.The addition of nitrate was effective in controlling the biogenic sulfide.The study also evaluated a panel of PCR(polymerase chain reaction)primers targeting 16S RNA gene or some specific genes for characterization of the general microbial community and the SRB community.It is found that PCR primers targeting the genes encoding sulfate reduction activity,the gene encoding NiFe-hydrogenase,and the 16S rRNA gene could be used efficiently to monitor the diversity of SRB in oil fields.
