Hypochromic microcytic anaemia includes iron deficiency, anaemia of chronic disorders, beta thalassemia trait and sideroblastic anaemia. To rule out the cause of hypochromic microcytic anaemia is a diagnostic difficul...Hypochromic microcytic anaemia includes iron deficiency, anaemia of chronic disorders, beta thalassemia trait and sideroblastic anaemia. To rule out the cause of hypochromic microcytic anaemia is a diagnostic difficulty. The conventional laboratory tests used for diagnosis have few disadvantages. Serum transferrin receptor (sTfR) is the most reliable method for assessment of body iron. Eighty four children were included in this study. They were further divided into four groups: iron deficiency anaemia (IDA), anaemia of chronic disorders (ACD), beta thalassemia trait (β TT) and controls. Children withIDAand ACD were diagnosed on the basis of history and serum iron profile. Subjects with β TT had HbA2 > 3.5%. sTfR were performed on all subjects. Level of sTfR in patients withIDAwas 5.79 μg/ml ± 1.3 μg/ml. In patients with anaemia of chronic disorders (ACD), β thalassemia trait and controls mean sTfR were 2.18 μg/ml ± 0.6 μg/ml, 2.1μg/ml ± 0.5 μg/ml and 2.0 μg/ml ± 0.5 μg/ml respectively. These results show level of sTfR was raised in IDA when compared with controls or ACD and β TT (p展开更多
RNA interference(RNAi)-based control technologies are gaining popularity as potential alternatives to synthetic fungicides in the ongoing effort to manage plant pathogenic fungi.Among these methods,spray-induced gene ...RNA interference(RNAi)-based control technologies are gaining popularity as potential alternatives to synthetic fungicides in the ongoing effort to manage plant pathogenic fungi.Among these methods,spray-induced gene silencing(SIGS)emerges as particularly promising due to its convenience and feasibility for development.This approach is a new technology for plant disease management,in which double-stranded RNAs(dsRNAs)targeting essential or virulence genes are applied to plants or plant products and subsequently absorbed by plant pathogens,triggering a gene silencing effect and the inhibition of the infection process.Spray-induced gene silencing has demonstrated efficacy in laboratory settings against various fungal pathogens.However,as research progressed from the laboratory to the greenhouse and field environments,novel challenges arose,such as ensuring the stability of ds RNAs and their effective delivery to fungal targets.Here,we provide a practical guide to SIGS for the control of plant pathogenic fungi.This guide outlines the essential steps and considerations needed for designing and assessing dsRNA molecules.It also addresses key challenges inherent to SIGS,including delivery and stability of ds RNA molecules,and how nanoencapsulation of dsRNAs can aid in overcoming these obstacles.Additionally,the guide underscores existing knowledge gaps that warrant further research and aims to provide assistance to researchers,especially those new to the field,encouraging the advancement of SIGS for the control of a broad range of fungal pathogens.展开更多
文摘Hypochromic microcytic anaemia includes iron deficiency, anaemia of chronic disorders, beta thalassemia trait and sideroblastic anaemia. To rule out the cause of hypochromic microcytic anaemia is a diagnostic difficulty. The conventional laboratory tests used for diagnosis have few disadvantages. Serum transferrin receptor (sTfR) is the most reliable method for assessment of body iron. Eighty four children were included in this study. They were further divided into four groups: iron deficiency anaemia (IDA), anaemia of chronic disorders (ACD), beta thalassemia trait (β TT) and controls. Children withIDAand ACD were diagnosed on the basis of history and serum iron profile. Subjects with β TT had HbA2 > 3.5%. sTfR were performed on all subjects. Level of sTfR in patients withIDAwas 5.79 μg/ml ± 1.3 μg/ml. In patients with anaemia of chronic disorders (ACD), β thalassemia trait and controls mean sTfR were 2.18 μg/ml ± 0.6 μg/ml, 2.1μg/ml ± 0.5 μg/ml and 2.0 μg/ml ± 0.5 μg/ml respectively. These results show level of sTfR was raised in IDA when compared with controls or ACD and β TT (p
基金funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science,Innovation and Universities(Project No.PID2023-148417OAI00)the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and by the European Union through the Next Generation Funds(Project No.PLEC2021-008076)+5 种基金funded by the Junta de Castilla y León through the projects“VAP208P20”,“VA178P23”the program“CLU-2019-01 and CL-EI-2021-05-iuFOR Unit of Excellence”co-funded by the European Regional Development Fundsupport from the European Union's Horizon Europe research and innovation programme under the MSCA agreement No.101068728PhD fellowships funded by Junta de Castilla y León(Orden EDU/601/2020 and Orden EDU/1508/2020)a Juan de la Cierva postdoctoral fellowship funded by MCIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and“NextGenerationEU”/PRTR(Spain)。
文摘RNA interference(RNAi)-based control technologies are gaining popularity as potential alternatives to synthetic fungicides in the ongoing effort to manage plant pathogenic fungi.Among these methods,spray-induced gene silencing(SIGS)emerges as particularly promising due to its convenience and feasibility for development.This approach is a new technology for plant disease management,in which double-stranded RNAs(dsRNAs)targeting essential or virulence genes are applied to plants or plant products and subsequently absorbed by plant pathogens,triggering a gene silencing effect and the inhibition of the infection process.Spray-induced gene silencing has demonstrated efficacy in laboratory settings against various fungal pathogens.However,as research progressed from the laboratory to the greenhouse and field environments,novel challenges arose,such as ensuring the stability of ds RNAs and their effective delivery to fungal targets.Here,we provide a practical guide to SIGS for the control of plant pathogenic fungi.This guide outlines the essential steps and considerations needed for designing and assessing dsRNA molecules.It also addresses key challenges inherent to SIGS,including delivery and stability of ds RNA molecules,and how nanoencapsulation of dsRNAs can aid in overcoming these obstacles.Additionally,the guide underscores existing knowledge gaps that warrant further research and aims to provide assistance to researchers,especially those new to the field,encouraging the advancement of SIGS for the control of a broad range of fungal pathogens.
