Exploring the human brain is perhaps the most challenging and fascinating scientific issue in the 21st century.It will facilitate the development of various aspects of the society,including economics,education,health ...Exploring the human brain is perhaps the most challenging and fascinating scientific issue in the 21st century.It will facilitate the development of various aspects of the society,including economics,education,health care,national defense and daily life.The artificial intelligence techniques are becoming useful as an alternate method of classical techniques or as a component of an integrated system.They are used to solve complicated problems in various fields and becoming increasingly popular nowadays.Especially,the investigation of human brain will promote the artificial intelligence techniques,utilizing the accumulating knowledge of neuroscience,brain-machine interface techniques,algorithms of spiking neural networks and neuromorphic supercomputers.Consequently,we provide a comprehensive survey of the research and motivations for brain-inspired artificial intelligence and its engineering over its history.The goals of this work are to provide a brief review of the research associated with brain-inspired artificial intelligence and its related engineering techniques,and to motivate further work by elucidating challenges in the field where new researches are required.展开更多
In this work, the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of the extruded 7136 aluminum alloy treated by single-stage aging treatment(T6), retrogression and re-aging treatment(RRA), and multiple retrogressio...In this work, the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of the extruded 7136 aluminum alloy treated by single-stage aging treatment(T6), retrogression and re-aging treatment(RRA), and multiple retrogression and re-aging treatment have been investigated by means of hardness measurements, electrical conductivity tests and tensile tests. The results have shown that the properties of the 7136 alloy such as hardness, tensile strength and electrical conductivity were sensitive to retrogression time(within 90 min). With prolonging the retrogression time, the tensile strength was enhanced first and then decreased, yet the electrical conductivity was continuously increased. The 60 min-treated alloy performed the highest tensile strength(716 MPa), whereas the 90 min-treated alloy possessed the highest electrical conductivity(33.95%IACS). Compared with the T6-treated alloy, the tensile strength and electrical conductivity were improved by 3.3%and 18.9%, respectively. The electrical conductivity showed an obvious increase with repetitious times of the RRA treatment. After 3 RRA60 treatment, a good combination of tensile strength(705 MPa) and electrical conductivity(33.20%IACS) can be obtained. Compared with the T6 condition, the tensile strength and electrical conductivity were improved by 1.7% and 16.3%, respectively. The mechanism of microstructure evolution under different aging treatments has been discussed in detail.展开更多
The infiltration of glioblastoma multiforme(GBM)is predominantly characterized by diffuse spread,contributing significantly to therapy resistance and recurrence of GBM.In this study,we reveal that microtubule deacetyl...The infiltration of glioblastoma multiforme(GBM)is predominantly characterized by diffuse spread,contributing significantly to therapy resistance and recurrence of GBM.In this study,we reveal that microtubule deacetylation,mediated through the downregulation of fibronectin type III and SPRY domain-containing 1(FSD1),plays a pivotal role in promoting GBM diffuse infiltration.FSD1 directly interacts with histone deacetylase 6(HDAC6)at its second catalytic domain,thereby impeding its deacetylase activity onα-tubulin and preventing microtubule deacetylation and depolymerization.This inhibitory interaction is disrupted upon phosphorylation of FSD1 at its Ser317 and Ser324 residues by activated CDK5,leading to FSD1 dissociation from microtubules and facilitating HDAC6-mediatedα-tubulin deacetylation.Furthermore,increased expression of FSD1 or interference with FSD1 phosphorylation reduces microtubule deacetylation,suppresses invasion of GBM stem cells,and ultimately mitigates tumor infiltration in orthotopic GBM xenografts.Importantly,GBM tissues exhibit diminished levels of FSD1 expression,correlating with microtubule deacetylation and unfavorable clinical outcomes in GBM patients.These findings elucidate the mechanistic involvement of microtubule deacetylation in driving GBM cell invasion and offer potential avenues for managing GBM infiltration.展开更多
文摘Exploring the human brain is perhaps the most challenging and fascinating scientific issue in the 21st century.It will facilitate the development of various aspects of the society,including economics,education,health care,national defense and daily life.The artificial intelligence techniques are becoming useful as an alternate method of classical techniques or as a component of an integrated system.They are used to solve complicated problems in various fields and becoming increasingly popular nowadays.Especially,the investigation of human brain will promote the artificial intelligence techniques,utilizing the accumulating knowledge of neuroscience,brain-machine interface techniques,algorithms of spiking neural networks and neuromorphic supercomputers.Consequently,we provide a comprehensive survey of the research and motivations for brain-inspired artificial intelligence and its engineering over its history.The goals of this work are to provide a brief review of the research associated with brain-inspired artificial intelligence and its related engineering techniques,and to motivate further work by elucidating challenges in the field where new researches are required.
基金financially supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2016YFB0300901)。
文摘In this work, the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of the extruded 7136 aluminum alloy treated by single-stage aging treatment(T6), retrogression and re-aging treatment(RRA), and multiple retrogression and re-aging treatment have been investigated by means of hardness measurements, electrical conductivity tests and tensile tests. The results have shown that the properties of the 7136 alloy such as hardness, tensile strength and electrical conductivity were sensitive to retrogression time(within 90 min). With prolonging the retrogression time, the tensile strength was enhanced first and then decreased, yet the electrical conductivity was continuously increased. The 60 min-treated alloy performed the highest tensile strength(716 MPa), whereas the 90 min-treated alloy possessed the highest electrical conductivity(33.95%IACS). Compared with the T6-treated alloy, the tensile strength and electrical conductivity were improved by 3.3%and 18.9%, respectively. The electrical conductivity showed an obvious increase with repetitious times of the RRA treatment. After 3 RRA60 treatment, a good combination of tensile strength(705 MPa) and electrical conductivity(33.20%IACS) can be obtained. Compared with the T6 condition, the tensile strength and electrical conductivity were improved by 1.7% and 16.3%, respectively. The mechanism of microstructure evolution under different aging treatments has been discussed in detail.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFA1303000,2017YFA0505602)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81872408,81872153).
文摘The infiltration of glioblastoma multiforme(GBM)is predominantly characterized by diffuse spread,contributing significantly to therapy resistance and recurrence of GBM.In this study,we reveal that microtubule deacetylation,mediated through the downregulation of fibronectin type III and SPRY domain-containing 1(FSD1),plays a pivotal role in promoting GBM diffuse infiltration.FSD1 directly interacts with histone deacetylase 6(HDAC6)at its second catalytic domain,thereby impeding its deacetylase activity onα-tubulin and preventing microtubule deacetylation and depolymerization.This inhibitory interaction is disrupted upon phosphorylation of FSD1 at its Ser317 and Ser324 residues by activated CDK5,leading to FSD1 dissociation from microtubules and facilitating HDAC6-mediatedα-tubulin deacetylation.Furthermore,increased expression of FSD1 or interference with FSD1 phosphorylation reduces microtubule deacetylation,suppresses invasion of GBM stem cells,and ultimately mitigates tumor infiltration in orthotopic GBM xenografts.Importantly,GBM tissues exhibit diminished levels of FSD1 expression,correlating with microtubule deacetylation and unfavorable clinical outcomes in GBM patients.These findings elucidate the mechanistic involvement of microtubule deacetylation in driving GBM cell invasion and offer potential avenues for managing GBM infiltration.
