The cloud type product 2B-CLDCLASS-LIDAR based on CloudSat and CALIPSO from June 2006 to May 2017 is used to examine the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and interannual variability of eight cloud typ...The cloud type product 2B-CLDCLASS-LIDAR based on CloudSat and CALIPSO from June 2006 to May 2017 is used to examine the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and interannual variability of eight cloud types(high cloud, altostratus, altocumulus, stratus, stratocumulus, cumulus, nimbostratus, and deep convection) and three phases(ice,mixed, and water) in the Arctic. Possible reasons for the observed interannual variability are also discussed. The main conclusions are as follows:(1) More water clouds occur on the Atlantic side, and more ice clouds occur over continents.(2)The average spatial and seasonal distributions of cloud types show three patterns: high clouds and most cumuliform clouds are concentrated in low-latitude locations and peak in summer;altostratus and nimbostratus are concentrated over and around continents and are less abundant in summer;stratocumulus and stratus are concentrated near the inner Arctic and peak during spring and autumn.(3) Regional averaged interannual frequencies of ice clouds and altostratus clouds significantly decrease, while those of water clouds, altocumulus, and cumulus clouds increase significantly.(4) Significant features of the linear trends of cloud frequencies are mainly located over ocean areas.(5) The monthly water cloud frequency anomalies are positively correlated with air temperature in most of the troposphere, while those for ice clouds are negatively correlated.(6) The decrease in altostratus clouds is associated with the weakening of the Arctic front due to Arctic warming, while increased water vapor transport into the Arctic and higher atmospheric instability lead to more cumulus and altocumulus clouds.展开更多
Mg alloys,as a new generation of biodegradable bone implant materials,are facing two tremendous challenges of enhancing strength and reducing degradation rate in physiological environment to meet clinical needs.In thi...Mg alloys,as a new generation of biodegradable bone implant materials,are facing two tremendous challenges of enhancing strength and reducing degradation rate in physiological environment to meet clinical needs.In this study,tricalcium phosphate(β-TCP)particles were dispersed in Mg–2 Zn–0.46 Y–0.5 Nd alloy by friction stir processing(FSP)to produce Mg-based functional gradient materials(Mg/β-TCP FGM).On the surface of Mg/β-TCP FGM,the hydroxyapatite(HA)coating was prepared by electrodeposition.The effects of FSP and electrochemical parameter on the microstructure,microhardness,bonding strength and corrosion performance of the Mg/β-TCP FGM were investigated.After four passes of FSP,a uniform and fine-grained structure was formed in Mg/β-TCP and the microhardness increased from 47.9 to 76.3 HV.Compared to the samples withoutβ-TCP,the bonding strength of the Mg/β-TCP FGM increased from 23.1±0.462 to 26.3±0.526 MPa and the addition of degradableβ-TCP contributed to the in situ growth of HA coating.The thickness of HA coating could be dominated by controlling the parameters of electrodeposition.According to the results of immersion tests and electrochemical tests in simulated body fluid,it indicated that the degradation rate of the Mg/β-TCP FGM could be adjusted.展开更多
Numerical simulations are carried out to investigate the effect of cloud condensation nuclei（CCN） concentrations on microphysical processes and precipitation characteristics of hailstorms. Two hailstorm cases are si...Numerical simulations are carried out to investigate the effect of cloud condensation nuclei（CCN） concentrations on microphysical processes and precipitation characteristics of hailstorms. Two hailstorm cases are simulated, a spring case and a summer case, in a semiarid region of northern China, with the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System. The results are used to investigate the differences and similarities of the CCN effects between spring and summer hailstorms. The similarities are：（1） The total hydrometeor mixing ratio decreases, while the total ice-phase mixing ratio enhances, with increasing CCN concentration;（2） Enhancement of the CCN concentration results in the production of a greater amount of small-sized hydrometeor particles, but a lessening of large-sized hydrometeor particles;（3） As the CCN concentration increases, the supercooled cloud water and rainwater make a lesser contribution to hail, while the ice-phase hydrometeors take on active roles in the growth of hail;（4） When the CCN concentration increases, the amount of total precipitation lessens,while the role played by liquid-phase rainfall in the amount of total precipitation reduces, relatively, compared to that of icephase precipitation. The differences between the two storms include：（1） An increase in the CCN concentration tends to reduce pristine ice mixing ratios in the spring case but enhance them in the summer case;（2） Ice-phase hydrometeor particles contribute more to hail growth in the spring case, while liquid water contributes more in the summer case;（3） An increase in the CCN concentration has different effects on surface hail precipitation in different seasons.展开更多
Objective: to explore the effect of high quality nursing on the compliance of patients with chronic Hepatitis B (CHB), and to use it as a reference for clinical nursing. Methods: 42 patients with chronic Hepatitis B (...Objective: to explore the effect of high quality nursing on the compliance of patients with chronic Hepatitis B (CHB), and to use it as a reference for clinical nursing. Methods: 42 patients with chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) admitted in our infectious department within one year in 2014 were selected for traditional nursing care, 54 patients were selected for quality nursing, and the two groups were used as control group and study group, respectively. The drug compliance of the two groups was compared. Conclusion: for patients with chronic Hepatitis B, the use of quality nursing can improve their compliance to take medicine and arouse their enthusiasm subjectively, which is very important for the improvement of their condition. The effect is satisfactory to most patients and family members.展开更多
Remodeling of the lesional macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques from pro-inflammatory M1 to pro-resolving M2 phenotype is emerging as a promising approach to atherosclerosis treatment.Tilianin(Til),as a natural plan...Remodeling of the lesional macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques from pro-inflammatory M1 to pro-resolving M2 phenotype is emerging as a promising approach to atherosclerosis treatment.Tilianin(Til),as a natural plant-derivedingredient,hasthepotential tosuppress atherosclerosis progression.However,the poorly aqueous solubility and capacity of targeted plaques limit to clinic transformation of Til.Furthermore,whether Til can remodel the lesional macrophage phenotype remains uninvestigated.Herein,we developed a lesional macrophage-targeted Til lipid nanoparticles(FA@Til-LNPs)via folate modification and investigated their therapeutic efficiency and potential mechanisms for atherosclerosis treatment.We observed that the FA@Til-LNPs not only improved solubility and bioavailability,but also actively targeted M1 macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques,and the internalized FA@Til-LNPs could effectively regulate macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype.The nanotherapeutics reduced plaque areas and substantially improved plaque stability by effectively reducing necrotic core area and augmenting the collagen cap area in high-fat diet-fed ApoE--mice.Mechanistically,RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that the FA@Til-LNPs inhibited the pro-inflammatory signaling pathway by down-regulating the expression of pro-inflammatory genes associated with cytokine and chemokine pathways in lesional macrophages.This study first developed the innovative targeting nanotherapeutics of Til to regulate macrophage phenotype for atherosclerosis treatment.展开更多
This study investigated the cloud microphysical processes and atmospheric water budget during the extreme precipitation event on 20 July 2021 in Zhengzhou of Henan Province,China,based on observations,reanalysis data,...This study investigated the cloud microphysical processes and atmospheric water budget during the extreme precipitation event on 20 July 2021 in Zhengzhou of Henan Province,China,based on observations,reanalysis data,and the results from the high-resolution large-eddy simulation nested in the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF)model with assimilation of satellite and radar observations.The results show that the abundant and persistent southeasterly supply of water vapor,induced by Typhoons In-Fa and Cempaka,under a particular synoptic pattern featured with abnormal northwestward displacement of the western Pacific subtropical high,was conducive to warm rain processes through a high vapor condensation rate of cloud water and an efficient collision–coalescence process of cloud water to rainwater.Such conditions were favorable for the formation and maintenance of the quasi-stationary warmsector heavy rainfall.Precipitation formation through the collision–coalescence process of cloud water to rainwater accounted for approximately 70%of the total,while the melting of snow and graupel accounted for only approximately 30%,indicating that warm cloud processes played a dominant role in this extreme rainfall event.However,enhancement of cold cloud processes promoted by latent heat release also exerted positive effect on rainfall during the period of most intense hourly rainfall.It was also found that rainwater advection from outside of Zhengzhou City played an important role in maintaining the extreme precipitation event.展开更多
A two-dimensional(2D)cell culture-based model is widely applied to study tumorigenic mechanisms and drug screening.However,it cannot authentically simulate the threedimensional(3D)microenvironment of solid tumors and ...A two-dimensional(2D)cell culture-based model is widely applied to study tumorigenic mechanisms and drug screening.However,it cannot authentically simulate the threedimensional(3D)microenvironment of solid tumors and provide reliable and predictable data in response to in vivo,thus leading to the research ilusionis and failure of drug screening.In this study,honeycomb-like gelatin methacryloyl(GelMA)hydrogel microspheres are developed by synchronous photocrosslinking microluidic technique to construct a 3D model of osteosarcoma.The in vitro study shows that ostcosarcoma cells(K7M2)culured in 3D GelMA microspheres have stronger tumorous stemness。proliferation and migration abilitics,more osteoclastogenetic ability,and reistance to chemotherapeutic drugs(DOX)than that of cells in 2D cultures.More imporantly,the 3D-cultured K7M2 cells show more tumorigenicity in immunologically sound mice,characterized by shorter tumorigenesis time,larger tumor volumc,severe bone destruction,and higher mortality.In conclusion,honeycomb like porous microsphere scaffolds are constructed with uniform structure by micofluidic technology to massively produce tumor cells with original phenotypes.Those microspheres could recapitulate the physiology microenvironment of tumors.maintain ell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions,and thus provide an efective and convenient strategy for tumor pathogenesis and drug screening research.展开更多
A few individuals with intermediate morphology always appeared in the sympatric distributions of Gentiana straminea and G.siphonantha.These intermediate individuals were hypothesized to be the hybrids of two species a...A few individuals with intermediate morphology always appeared in the sympatric distributions of Gentiana straminea and G.siphonantha.These intermediate individuals were hypothesized to be the hybrids of two species after a careful evaluation of their morphological characteristics.To test this hypothesis,sequence comparison of the internal transcribed spacer(ITS)regions of the nuclear ribosomal and trnS(GCU)-trnG(UCC)intergenic spacer region of the chloroplast DNA from Gentiana straminea,G.siphonantha and the putative hybrids was performed.The results suggest that most intermediate individuals were the natural hybrids between G.straminea and G.siphonantha.In addition,we examined the sequence variation among the individuals of both parent species and analyzed the possibility leading to the incongruent identification in some individuals based on morphologic and molecular evidences,respectively.The intraspecific diversification of DNA fragments within both parent species and their high variability in hybrid swarms probably resulted from chloroplast genome recombination and incomplete lineage sorting during the early stages of speciation origin of the parent species.展开更多
Industrial microbes have become the core of biological manufacturing,which utilized as the cell factory for production of plenty of chemicals,fuels and medicine.However,the challenge that the extreme stress conditions...Industrial microbes have become the core of biological manufacturing,which utilized as the cell factory for production of plenty of chemicals,fuels and medicine.However,the challenge that the extreme stress conditions exist in production is unavoidable for cell factory.Consequently,to enhance robustness of the chassis cell lays the foundation for development of bio-manufacturing.Currently,the researches on cell tolerance covered various aspects,involving reshaping regulatory network,cell membrane modification and other stress response.In fact,the strategies employed to improve cell robustness could be summarized into two directions,irrational engineering and rational engineering.In this review,the metabolic engineering technologies on enhancement of microbe tolerance to industrial conditions are summarized.Meanwhile,the novel thoughts emerged with the development of biological instruments and synthetic biology are discussed.展开更多
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 42105127)the Special Research Assistant Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe National Key Research and Development Plans of China (Grant Nos. 2019YFC1510304 and 2016YFE0201900-02)。
文摘The cloud type product 2B-CLDCLASS-LIDAR based on CloudSat and CALIPSO from June 2006 to May 2017 is used to examine the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and interannual variability of eight cloud types(high cloud, altostratus, altocumulus, stratus, stratocumulus, cumulus, nimbostratus, and deep convection) and three phases(ice,mixed, and water) in the Arctic. Possible reasons for the observed interannual variability are also discussed. The main conclusions are as follows:(1) More water clouds occur on the Atlantic side, and more ice clouds occur over continents.(2)The average spatial and seasonal distributions of cloud types show three patterns: high clouds and most cumuliform clouds are concentrated in low-latitude locations and peak in summer;altostratus and nimbostratus are concentrated over and around continents and are less abundant in summer;stratocumulus and stratus are concentrated near the inner Arctic and peak during spring and autumn.(3) Regional averaged interannual frequencies of ice clouds and altostratus clouds significantly decrease, while those of water clouds, altocumulus, and cumulus clouds increase significantly.(4) Significant features of the linear trends of cloud frequencies are mainly located over ocean areas.(5) The monthly water cloud frequency anomalies are positively correlated with air temperature in most of the troposphere, while those for ice clouds are negatively correlated.(6) The decrease in altostratus clouds is associated with the weakening of the Arctic front due to Arctic warming, while increased water vapor transport into the Arctic and higher atmospheric instability lead to more cumulus and altocumulus clouds.
基金financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U1804251)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2018YFC1106703 and 2017YFB0702504).
文摘Mg alloys,as a new generation of biodegradable bone implant materials,are facing two tremendous challenges of enhancing strength and reducing degradation rate in physiological environment to meet clinical needs.In this study,tricalcium phosphate(β-TCP)particles were dispersed in Mg–2 Zn–0.46 Y–0.5 Nd alloy by friction stir processing(FSP)to produce Mg-based functional gradient materials(Mg/β-TCP FGM).On the surface of Mg/β-TCP FGM,the hydroxyapatite(HA)coating was prepared by electrodeposition.The effects of FSP and electrochemical parameter on the microstructure,microhardness,bonding strength and corrosion performance of the Mg/β-TCP FGM were investigated.After four passes of FSP,a uniform and fine-grained structure was formed in Mg/β-TCP and the microhardness increased from 47.9 to 76.3 HV.Compared to the samples withoutβ-TCP,the bonding strength of the Mg/β-TCP FGM increased from 23.1±0.462 to 26.3±0.526 MPa and the addition of degradableβ-TCP contributed to the in situ growth of HA coating.The thickness of HA coating could be dominated by controlling the parameters of electrodeposition.According to the results of immersion tests and electrochemical tests in simulated body fluid,it indicated that the degradation rate of the Mg/β-TCP FGM could be adjusted.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41205099 and 41575037)the National Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41405128)+2 种基金the National Grand Fundamental Research 973 Programs of China (Grant Nos. 2014CB441403 and 2013CB430105)the Special Scientific Research Project of the Meteorological Public Welfare Profession of China (Grant No. GYHY201006031)the Guizhou Province Scientific Research Joint Project (Grant No. G[2013]4001)
文摘Numerical simulations are carried out to investigate the effect of cloud condensation nuclei（CCN） concentrations on microphysical processes and precipitation characteristics of hailstorms. Two hailstorm cases are simulated, a spring case and a summer case, in a semiarid region of northern China, with the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System. The results are used to investigate the differences and similarities of the CCN effects between spring and summer hailstorms. The similarities are：（1） The total hydrometeor mixing ratio decreases, while the total ice-phase mixing ratio enhances, with increasing CCN concentration;（2） Enhancement of the CCN concentration results in the production of a greater amount of small-sized hydrometeor particles, but a lessening of large-sized hydrometeor particles;（3） As the CCN concentration increases, the supercooled cloud water and rainwater make a lesser contribution to hail, while the ice-phase hydrometeors take on active roles in the growth of hail;（4） When the CCN concentration increases, the amount of total precipitation lessens,while the role played by liquid-phase rainfall in the amount of total precipitation reduces, relatively, compared to that of icephase precipitation. The differences between the two storms include：（1） An increase in the CCN concentration tends to reduce pristine ice mixing ratios in the spring case but enhance them in the summer case;（2） Ice-phase hydrometeor particles contribute more to hail growth in the spring case, while liquid water contributes more in the summer case;（3） An increase in the CCN concentration has different effects on surface hail precipitation in different seasons.
文摘Objective: to explore the effect of high quality nursing on the compliance of patients with chronic Hepatitis B (CHB), and to use it as a reference for clinical nursing. Methods: 42 patients with chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) admitted in our infectious department within one year in 2014 were selected for traditional nursing care, 54 patients were selected for quality nursing, and the two groups were used as control group and study group, respectively. The drug compliance of the two groups was compared. Conclusion: for patients with chronic Hepatitis B, the use of quality nursing can improve their compliance to take medicine and arouse their enthusiasm subjectively, which is very important for the improvement of their condition. The effect is satisfactory to most patients and family members.
基金This research was supported by the Science and Technology Project of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps(No.2022AB020)the Youth Fund of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82104081 and 82400537)+4 种基金the Sichuan Province Science and Technology Support Program(No.2023NSFSC1682,and No.2024NSFSC0714,Zhongshan He)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF under Grant(No.GZC20241133,Zhongshan He)the Sichuan University Postdoctoral Research and Development Fund(No.2024SCU12014)the West China Hospital Postdoctoral Research and Development Fund(No.2024HXBH058)the Sichuan University Postdoctoral Interdisciplinary Innovation Fund(No.JCXK2203).
文摘Remodeling of the lesional macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques from pro-inflammatory M1 to pro-resolving M2 phenotype is emerging as a promising approach to atherosclerosis treatment.Tilianin(Til),as a natural plant-derivedingredient,hasthepotential tosuppress atherosclerosis progression.However,the poorly aqueous solubility and capacity of targeted plaques limit to clinic transformation of Til.Furthermore,whether Til can remodel the lesional macrophage phenotype remains uninvestigated.Herein,we developed a lesional macrophage-targeted Til lipid nanoparticles(FA@Til-LNPs)via folate modification and investigated their therapeutic efficiency and potential mechanisms for atherosclerosis treatment.We observed that the FA@Til-LNPs not only improved solubility and bioavailability,but also actively targeted M1 macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques,and the internalized FA@Til-LNPs could effectively regulate macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype.The nanotherapeutics reduced plaque areas and substantially improved plaque stability by effectively reducing necrotic core area and augmenting the collagen cap area in high-fat diet-fed ApoE--mice.Mechanistically,RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that the FA@Til-LNPs inhibited the pro-inflammatory signaling pathway by down-regulating the expression of pro-inflammatory genes associated with cytokine and chemokine pathways in lesional macrophages.This study first developed the innovative targeting nanotherapeutics of Til to regulate macrophage phenotype for atherosclerosis treatment.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFE0201900-02 and 2019YFC1510304)National Natural Science Foundation of China (41575037)。
文摘This study investigated the cloud microphysical processes and atmospheric water budget during the extreme precipitation event on 20 July 2021 in Zhengzhou of Henan Province,China,based on observations,reanalysis data,and the results from the high-resolution large-eddy simulation nested in the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF)model with assimilation of satellite and radar observations.The results show that the abundant and persistent southeasterly supply of water vapor,induced by Typhoons In-Fa and Cempaka,under a particular synoptic pattern featured with abnormal northwestward displacement of the western Pacific subtropical high,was conducive to warm rain processes through a high vapor condensation rate of cloud water and an efficient collision–coalescence process of cloud water to rainwater.Such conditions were favorable for the formation and maintenance of the quasi-stationary warmsector heavy rainfall.Precipitation formation through the collision–coalescence process of cloud water to rainwater accounted for approximately 70%of the total,while the melting of snow and graupel accounted for only approximately 30%,indicating that warm cloud processes played a dominant role in this extreme rainfall event.However,enhancement of cold cloud processes promoted by latent heat release also exerted positive effect on rainfall during the period of most intense hourly rainfall.It was also found that rainwater advection from outside of Zhengzhou City played an important role in maintaining the extreme precipitation event.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81930051,81772313,and 81972059)the Social Development,Project of Jiangsu Province(BK2019668)+2 种基金the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD),the Shanghai Jiao Tong University“Medical and Research”Program(ZH2018ZDA04)Foundation of National Facility for Translational Medicine(Shanghai)(TMSK-2020-117)and Translational Research Grant of NCRCH(2020WSB08).
文摘A two-dimensional(2D)cell culture-based model is widely applied to study tumorigenic mechanisms and drug screening.However,it cannot authentically simulate the threedimensional(3D)microenvironment of solid tumors and provide reliable and predictable data in response to in vivo,thus leading to the research ilusionis and failure of drug screening.In this study,honeycomb-like gelatin methacryloyl(GelMA)hydrogel microspheres are developed by synchronous photocrosslinking microluidic technique to construct a 3D model of osteosarcoma.The in vitro study shows that ostcosarcoma cells(K7M2)culured in 3D GelMA microspheres have stronger tumorous stemness。proliferation and migration abilitics,more osteoclastogenetic ability,and reistance to chemotherapeutic drugs(DOX)than that of cells in 2D cultures.More imporantly,the 3D-cultured K7M2 cells show more tumorigenicity in immunologically sound mice,characterized by shorter tumorigenesis time,larger tumor volumc,severe bone destruction,and higher mortality.In conclusion,honeycomb like porous microsphere scaffolds are constructed with uniform structure by micofluidic technology to massively produce tumor cells with original phenotypes.Those microspheres could recapitulate the physiology microenvironment of tumors.maintain ell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions,and thus provide an efective and convenient strategy for tumor pathogenesis and drug screening research.
基金The project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.30572329).
文摘A few individuals with intermediate morphology always appeared in the sympatric distributions of Gentiana straminea and G.siphonantha.These intermediate individuals were hypothesized to be the hybrids of two species after a careful evaluation of their morphological characteristics.To test this hypothesis,sequence comparison of the internal transcribed spacer(ITS)regions of the nuclear ribosomal and trnS(GCU)-trnG(UCC)intergenic spacer region of the chloroplast DNA from Gentiana straminea,G.siphonantha and the putative hybrids was performed.The results suggest that most intermediate individuals were the natural hybrids between G.straminea and G.siphonantha.In addition,we examined the sequence variation among the individuals of both parent species and analyzed the possibility leading to the incongruent identification in some individuals based on morphologic and molecular evidences,respectively.The intraspecific diversification of DNA fragments within both parent species and their high variability in hybrid swarms probably resulted from chloroplast genome recombination and incomplete lineage sorting during the early stages of speciation origin of the parent species.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFC2100800)Research and Development Program of PetroChina(21-LH-38-05).
文摘Industrial microbes have become the core of biological manufacturing,which utilized as the cell factory for production of plenty of chemicals,fuels and medicine.However,the challenge that the extreme stress conditions exist in production is unavoidable for cell factory.Consequently,to enhance robustness of the chassis cell lays the foundation for development of bio-manufacturing.Currently,the researches on cell tolerance covered various aspects,involving reshaping regulatory network,cell membrane modification and other stress response.In fact,the strategies employed to improve cell robustness could be summarized into two directions,irrational engineering and rational engineering.In this review,the metabolic engineering technologies on enhancement of microbe tolerance to industrial conditions are summarized.Meanwhile,the novel thoughts emerged with the development of biological instruments and synthetic biology are discussed.
