Mechanical allodynia(MA),including punctate and dynamic forms,is a common and debilitating symptom suffered by millions of chronic pain patients.Some peripheral injuries result in the development of bilateral MA,while...Mechanical allodynia(MA),including punctate and dynamic forms,is a common and debilitating symptom suffered by millions of chronic pain patients.Some peripheral injuries result in the development of bilateral MA,while most injuries usually led to unilateral MA.To date,the control of such laterality remains poorly understood.Here,to study the role of microglia in the control of MA laterality,we used genetic strategies to deplete microglia and tested both dynamic and punctate forms of MA in mice.Surprisingly,the depletion of central microglia did not prevent the induction of bilateral dynamic and punctate MA.Moreover,in dorsal root ganglion-dorsal root-sagittal spinal cord slice preparations we recorded the low-threshold Aβ-fiber stimulation-evoked inputs and outputs of superficial dorsal horn neurons.Consistent with behavioral results,microglial depletion did not prevent the opening of bilateral gates for Aβpathways in the superficial dorsal horn.This study challenges the role of microglia in the control of MA laterality in mice.Future studies are needed to further understand whether the role of microglia in the control of MA laterality is etiology-or species-specific.展开更多
In this paper, the properties and concepts of dual systems of the two-dimensional singular Roesser models （2-D SRM） are studied. Two different concepts of the dual systems are proposed for the 2-D SRM. One is derive...In this paper, the properties and concepts of dual systems of the two-dimensional singular Roesser models （2-D SRM） are studied. Two different concepts of the dual systems are proposed for the 2-D SRM. One is derived from the duality defined for two-dimensional singular general models （2-D SGM）-called the S-dual systems; the other one is defined based on 2-D SRM in a traditional sense-called the T-dual systems. It is shown that if a 2-D SRM is jump-mode free or jump-mode reachable, then it can be equivalently transformed into a canonical form of a 2-D SRM, for which the T-duality and the S-duality are equivalent. This will be of some perspective applications in the robust control of 2-D SRM.展开更多
The original version of this article unfortunately contained one error.The authors found that in the middle panel of Fig.2A,the example traces recorded from a contralateral dorsal horn neuron of the capsaicin-treated ...The original version of this article unfortunately contained one error.The authors found that in the middle panel of Fig.2A,the example traces recorded from a contralateral dorsal horn neuron of the capsaicin-treated mouse were wrong,and the corrected Fig.2 was as follows.展开更多
Cell-free system has emerged as a powerful platform with a wide range of in vitro applications and recently has contributed to express metabolic pathways for biosynthesis.Here we report in vitro construction of a nati...Cell-free system has emerged as a powerful platform with a wide range of in vitro applications and recently has contributed to express metabolic pathways for biosynthesis.Here we report in vitro construction of a native biosynthetic pathway for L-4-nitrotryptophan(L-4-nitro-Trp)synthesis using an Escherichia coli-based cell-free protein synthesis(CFPS)system.Naturally,a nitric oxide(NO)synthase(TxtD)and a cytochrome P450 enzyme(TxtE)are responsible for synthesizing L-4-nitro-Trp,which serves as one substrate for the biosynthesis of a nonribosomal peptide herbicide thaxtomin A.Recombinant coexpression of TxtD and TxtE in a heterologous host like E.coli for L-4-nitro-Trp production has not been achieved so far due to the poor or insoluble expression of TxtD.Using CFPS,TxtD and TxtE were successfully expressed in vitro,enabling the formation of L-4-nitro-Trp.After optimization,the cell-free system was able to synthesize approximately 360μM L-4-nitro-Trp within 16 h.Overall,this work expands the application scope of CFPS for study and synthesis of nitro-containing compounds,which are important building blocks widely used in pharmaceuticals,agrochemicals,and industrial chemicals.展开更多
This study develops a mixed behavioural equilibrium model with explicit consideration of mode choice(MBE-MC)in a transportation system where fully automated vehicles(AV)coexist with conventional human-driven vehicles(...This study develops a mixed behavioural equilibrium model with explicit consideration of mode choice(MBE-MC)in a transportation system where fully automated vehicles(AV)coexist with conventional human-driven vehicles(HV).For the mode choice,travellers select among three options,following a logit modal split:driving their private HV,or taking an AV mobility service provided by either a firm or the government.For the route choice,the HV drivers follow the random utility maximisation principle while central agents route the AV passengers following the Cournot Nash(firm agent)or Social Optimal(government agent)principles.We consider two types of travel costs(i.e.travel time and monetary travel cost)to characterise the new features(e.g.expanded link capacity and reduced value of time)of the mixed AVeHV transportation system.We model the MBE-MC problem in a combined modeeroute choice framework and formulate it as a route-based variational inequality(VI)problem.We show the equivalence between the VI formulation and the MBE-MC problem,and the existence of a solution to the MBE-MC problem.Then,we modify a partial linearisation algorithm for solving the proposed model.Numerical results validate the equilibrium conditions and show the efficacy of the new model in capturing the features of the mixed AVeHV transportation system.The impact patterns of different parameters on(1)the network performance in terms of AV share and system cost and(2)on the solution efficiency are analysed.展开更多
Lithium-sulfur batteries are considered important devices for the power of movable equipment,but there are still some challenges that limit their applications,such as how to obtain a cathode for high sulfide adsorptio...Lithium-sulfur batteries are considered important devices for the power of movable equipment,but there are still some challenges that limit their applications,such as how to obtain a cathode for high sulfide adsorption and rapid conversion.Here,a new strategy is proposed to enhance the performance of lithium-sulfur batteries by growing 3-dimensional hydrogen-substituted graphdiyne(HsGDY)layers on Ni foam via Glaser cross-coupling reaction to anchor MoS_(2)/Ni_(3)S_(2),enhancing the conductivity of host material of S.The results show that the 3-dimensional HsGDY framework enables the fast adsorption of lithium polysulfides and the Ni_(3)S_(2)/MoS_(2) performs as the reaction center with a low charge transfer resistance.The charge capacity of Ni@HsGDY/MoS_(2)/Ni_(3)S_(2) cell is up to 1,234.7 mAh·g^(−1) at the first circle,and the specific capacity keeps 486 mAh·g^(−1) after 500 cycles at a current density of 2 C.The incorporation of HsGDY into the cathode promotes the adsorption and the conversion of polysulfides,paving a path to obtain lithium-sulfur batteries with high energy density.展开更多
This paper was written in response to a growing need to address the perceptions and experiences of immigrant teachers.Based on a critical intercultural theoretical perspective,which moves beyond typical“culture shock...This paper was written in response to a growing need to address the perceptions and experiences of immigrant teachers.Based on a critical intercultural theoretical perspective,which moves beyond typical“culture shock”and“adaptation”models of understanding and explaining immigrants’experiences,this paper makes use of the concepts of teacher beliefs,ideologies and imaginaries(Holliday,2010)in considering how Finland-based Chinese immigrant teachers perceive the position of being teachers of Chinese in Finland and Australia.An analysis of data from group discussions during a teacher training workshop indicates that these teachers constructed a“utopia”(Australia)and“dystopia”(Finland)of Chinese language teaching,and reveals that multiple factors have influenced these immigrant teachers’perceptions and experiences.Findings provide information for teacher educators and stakeholders to better understand and support immigrant teachers from various linguistic and cultural backgrounds.展开更多
In the Research Article“HsGDY on Ni Foam for Loading MoS_(2)/Ni_(3)S_(2) to Enhance the Performance on Lithium-Sulfur Batteries”[1],the publisher made an error.“235.0 and 232.0 eV from 235.7 and 232.0 eV”should be...In the Research Article“HsGDY on Ni Foam for Loading MoS_(2)/Ni_(3)S_(2) to Enhance the Performance on Lithium-Sulfur Batteries”[1],the publisher made an error.“235.0 and 232.0 eV from 235.7 and 232.0 eV”should be replaced with“235.4 and 232.3 eV from 235.7 and 232.4 eV”in the sentence,“As shown in Fig.4B,after adsorbing the Li2S6,the Mo 3d_(3/2) and Mo 3d_(5/2) XPS peaks of Mo^(4+)in MoS_(2) shift toward lower binding energies of 235.0 and 232.0 eV from 235.7 and 232.0 eV,respectively,indicating increased electron density at the metal center.”This has now been corrected in the PDF and HTML(full text).展开更多
基金supported by grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2021ZD0203302)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32170996,32060199)+3 种基金the Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions(2021SHIBS0002)the Guangdong Science and Technology Committee(2019A1515010041,A2021319)the Shenzhen Innovation Committee of Science and Technology(ZDSYS20200811144002008)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee(JCYJ20180302174233348).
文摘Mechanical allodynia(MA),including punctate and dynamic forms,is a common and debilitating symptom suffered by millions of chronic pain patients.Some peripheral injuries result in the development of bilateral MA,while most injuries usually led to unilateral MA.To date,the control of such laterality remains poorly understood.Here,to study the role of microglia in the control of MA laterality,we used genetic strategies to deplete microglia and tested both dynamic and punctate forms of MA in mice.Surprisingly,the depletion of central microglia did not prevent the induction of bilateral dynamic and punctate MA.Moreover,in dorsal root ganglion-dorsal root-sagittal spinal cord slice preparations we recorded the low-threshold Aβ-fiber stimulation-evoked inputs and outputs of superficial dorsal horn neurons.Consistent with behavioral results,microglial depletion did not prevent the opening of bilateral gates for Aβpathways in the superficial dorsal horn.This study challenges the role of microglia in the control of MA laterality in mice.Future studies are needed to further understand whether the role of microglia in the control of MA laterality is etiology-or species-specific.
基金This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 60474078, 60574015, 60674014)in part by Jiangsu Planned Projects for Postdoctoral Research Funds (0601010B).
文摘In this paper, the properties and concepts of dual systems of the two-dimensional singular Roesser models （2-D SRM） are studied. Two different concepts of the dual systems are proposed for the 2-D SRM. One is derived from the duality defined for two-dimensional singular general models （2-D SGM）-called the S-dual systems; the other one is defined based on 2-D SRM in a traditional sense-called the T-dual systems. It is shown that if a 2-D SRM is jump-mode free or jump-mode reachable, then it can be equivalently transformed into a canonical form of a 2-D SRM, for which the T-duality and the S-duality are equivalent. This will be of some perspective applications in the robust control of 2-D SRM.
文摘The original version of this article unfortunately contained one error.The authors found that in the middle panel of Fig.2A,the example traces recorded from a contralateral dorsal horn neuron of the capsaicin-treated mouse were wrong,and the corrected Fig.2 was as follows.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31971348 and 32171427)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(No.19ZR1477200)J.L.also acknowledges the starting grant from ShanghaiTech University.
文摘Cell-free system has emerged as a powerful platform with a wide range of in vitro applications and recently has contributed to express metabolic pathways for biosynthesis.Here we report in vitro construction of a native biosynthetic pathway for L-4-nitrotryptophan(L-4-nitro-Trp)synthesis using an Escherichia coli-based cell-free protein synthesis(CFPS)system.Naturally,a nitric oxide(NO)synthase(TxtD)and a cytochrome P450 enzyme(TxtE)are responsible for synthesizing L-4-nitro-Trp,which serves as one substrate for the biosynthesis of a nonribosomal peptide herbicide thaxtomin A.Recombinant coexpression of TxtD and TxtE in a heterologous host like E.coli for L-4-nitro-Trp production has not been achieved so far due to the poor or insoluble expression of TxtD.Using CFPS,TxtD and TxtE were successfully expressed in vitro,enabling the formation of L-4-nitro-Trp.After optimization,the cell-free system was able to synthesize approximately 360μM L-4-nitro-Trp within 16 h.Overall,this work expands the application scope of CFPS for study and synthesis of nitro-containing compounds,which are important building blocks widely used in pharmaceuticals,agrochemicals,and industrial chemicals.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71801106)the Science Foundation of Ministry of Education of China(17YJC630150)+1 种基金Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(2020CFB264)the research program of“Development of Data-driven Solution for Social Issue”funded by the Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information(K-20-L01-C06-S01)
文摘This study develops a mixed behavioural equilibrium model with explicit consideration of mode choice(MBE-MC)in a transportation system where fully automated vehicles(AV)coexist with conventional human-driven vehicles(HV).For the mode choice,travellers select among three options,following a logit modal split:driving their private HV,or taking an AV mobility service provided by either a firm or the government.For the route choice,the HV drivers follow the random utility maximisation principle while central agents route the AV passengers following the Cournot Nash(firm agent)or Social Optimal(government agent)principles.We consider two types of travel costs(i.e.travel time and monetary travel cost)to characterise the new features(e.g.expanded link capacity and reduced value of time)of the mixed AVeHV transportation system.We model the MBE-MC problem in a combined modeeroute choice framework and formulate it as a route-based variational inequality(VI)problem.We show the equivalence between the VI formulation and the MBE-MC problem,and the existence of a solution to the MBE-MC problem.Then,we modify a partial linearisation algorithm for solving the proposed model.Numerical results validate the equilibrium conditions and show the efficacy of the new model in capturing the features of the mixed AVeHV transportation system.The impact patterns of different parameters on(1)the network performance in terms of AV share and system cost and(2)on the solution efficiency are analysed.
基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2021A1515110152,2022A1515240007,and 2023A1515010562)Special Fund for the Sci-tech Innovation Strategy of Guangdong Province(STKJ202209083,STKJ202209066,2020ST006,and 210719165864287)+3 种基金Characteristic Innovation Project of Colleges and Universities in Guangdong(2021KTSCX030)Scientific Research Foundation of Shantou University(NTF20005 and NTF22018)Scientific Research Foundation of Guangdong Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Industry Jieyang Center(QD2221007)2020 Li Ka Shing Foundation Cross-Disciplinary Research Grant(2020LKSFG01A).
文摘Lithium-sulfur batteries are considered important devices for the power of movable equipment,but there are still some challenges that limit their applications,such as how to obtain a cathode for high sulfide adsorption and rapid conversion.Here,a new strategy is proposed to enhance the performance of lithium-sulfur batteries by growing 3-dimensional hydrogen-substituted graphdiyne(HsGDY)layers on Ni foam via Glaser cross-coupling reaction to anchor MoS_(2)/Ni_(3)S_(2),enhancing the conductivity of host material of S.The results show that the 3-dimensional HsGDY framework enables the fast adsorption of lithium polysulfides and the Ni_(3)S_(2)/MoS_(2) performs as the reaction center with a low charge transfer resistance.The charge capacity of Ni@HsGDY/MoS_(2)/Ni_(3)S_(2) cell is up to 1,234.7 mAh·g^(−1) at the first circle,and the specific capacity keeps 486 mAh·g^(−1) after 500 cycles at a current density of 2 C.The incorporation of HsGDY into the cathode promotes the adsorption and the conversion of polysulfides,paving a path to obtain lithium-sulfur batteries with high energy density.
文摘This paper was written in response to a growing need to address the perceptions and experiences of immigrant teachers.Based on a critical intercultural theoretical perspective,which moves beyond typical“culture shock”and“adaptation”models of understanding and explaining immigrants’experiences,this paper makes use of the concepts of teacher beliefs,ideologies and imaginaries(Holliday,2010)in considering how Finland-based Chinese immigrant teachers perceive the position of being teachers of Chinese in Finland and Australia.An analysis of data from group discussions during a teacher training workshop indicates that these teachers constructed a“utopia”(Australia)and“dystopia”(Finland)of Chinese language teaching,and reveals that multiple factors have influenced these immigrant teachers’perceptions and experiences.Findings provide information for teacher educators and stakeholders to better understand and support immigrant teachers from various linguistic and cultural backgrounds.
文摘In the Research Article“HsGDY on Ni Foam for Loading MoS_(2)/Ni_(3)S_(2) to Enhance the Performance on Lithium-Sulfur Batteries”[1],the publisher made an error.“235.0 and 232.0 eV from 235.7 and 232.0 eV”should be replaced with“235.4 and 232.3 eV from 235.7 and 232.4 eV”in the sentence,“As shown in Fig.4B,after adsorbing the Li2S6,the Mo 3d_(3/2) and Mo 3d_(5/2) XPS peaks of Mo^(4+)in MoS_(2) shift toward lower binding energies of 235.0 and 232.0 eV from 235.7 and 232.0 eV,respectively,indicating increased electron density at the metal center.”This has now been corrected in the PDF and HTML(full text).
