Plants play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance and biodiversity.However,plant health is easily affected by environmental stresses.Hence,the rapid and precise monitoring of plant health is crucial for glo...Plants play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance and biodiversity.However,plant health is easily affected by environmental stresses.Hence,the rapid and precise monitoring of plant health is crucial for global food security and ecological balance.Currently,traditional detection strategies for monitoring plant health mainly rely on expensive equipment and complex operational procedures,which limit their widespread application.Fortunately,near-infrared(NIR)fluorescence and surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)techniques have been recently highlighted in plants.NIR fluorescence imaging holds the advantages of being non-invasive,high-resolution and real-time,which is suitable for rapid screening in large-scale scenarios.While SERS enables highly sensitive and specific detection of trace chemical substances within plant tissues.Therefore,the complementarity of NIR fluorescence and SERS modalities can provide more comprehensive and accurate information for plant disease diagnosis and growth status monitoring.This article summarizes these two modalities in plant applications,and discusses the advantages of multimodal NIR fluorescence/SERS for a better understanding of a plant’s response to stress,thereby improving the accuracy and sensitivity of detection.展开更多
The human endogenous retrovirus type W envelope glycoprotein(ERVWE1),located at chromosome 7q21–22,has been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.Our previous studies have shown elevated ERVWE1 expressio...The human endogenous retrovirus type W envelope glycoprotein(ERVWE1),located at chromosome 7q21–22,has been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.Our previous studies have shown elevated ERVWE1 expression in schizophrenia patients.Growing evidence suggests that autophagy dysfunction contributes to schizophrenia,yet the relationship between ERVWE1 and autophagy remains unclear.In this study,bioinformatics analysis of the human prefrontal cortex RNA microarray dataset(GSE53987)revealed that differentially expressed genes were predominantly enriched in autophagy-related pathways.Clinical data further demonstrated that serum levels of microtubuleassociated protein 1 light chain 3β(LC3B),a key marker of macroautophagy,were significantly elevated in schizophrenia patients compared to controls,and positively correlated with ERVWE1 expression.Cellular and molecular experiments suggested that ERVWE1 promoted macroautophagy by increasing the LC3B II/I ratio,enhancing autophagosome formation,and reducing sequestosome 1(SQSTM1)expression via upregulation of NADPH oxidase activator 1(NOXA1).Concurrently,NOXA1 downregulated the expression of key micromitophagy-related genes,including PTEN-induced kinase 1(PINK1),Parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase(Parkin),and the pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 subunitα1(PDHA1).As a result,ERVWE1,via NOXA1,inhibited micromitophagy by suppressing the expression of PINK1,Parkin,and PDHA1,thereby leading to impaired production of mitochondrialderived vesicles(MDVs).Mechanistically,ERVWE1 enhanced NOXA1 transcription by upregulating upstream transcription factor 2(USF2).In conclusion,ERVWE1 promotes macroautophagy and inhibits micromitophagy through USF2-NOXA1 axis,providing novel mechanistic insight into the role autophagy dysregulation in schizophrenia.These findings suggest that targeting autophagy pathways may offer novel therapeutic strategies for schizophrenia treatment.展开更多
Schizophrenia(SZ)stands as a severe psychiatric disorder.This study applied diffusion tensor imaging(DTI)data in conjunction with graph neural networks to distinguish SZ patients from normal controls(NCs)and showcases...Schizophrenia(SZ)stands as a severe psychiatric disorder.This study applied diffusion tensor imaging(DTI)data in conjunction with graph neural networks to distinguish SZ patients from normal controls(NCs)and showcases the superior performance of a graph neural network integrating combined fractional anisotropy and fiber number brain network features,achieving an accuracy of 73.79%in distinguishing SZ patients from NCs.Beyond mere discrimination,our study delved deeper into the advantages of utilizing white matter brain network features for identifying SZ patients through interpretable model analysis and gene expression analysis.These analyses uncovered intricate interrelationships between brain imaging markers and genetic biomarkers,providing novel insights into the neuropathological basis of SZ.In summary,our findings underscore the potential of graph neural networks applied to multimodal DTI data for enhancing SZ detection through an integrated analysis of neuroimaging and genetic features.展开更多
In grape breeding programs,the extensive planting of seedlings is a crucial aspect.However,grape seeds display distinct dormancy traits,necessitating a prolonged cold stratification process for dormancy release.In ord...In grape breeding programs,the extensive planting of seedlings is a crucial aspect.However,grape seeds display distinct dormancy traits,necessitating a prolonged cold stratification process for dormancy release.In order to enhance the efficiency of breeding programs,this study presents an innovative in vitro embryo germination technique that eliminates the requirement for cold stratification of seeds.The method involves the disruption of peripheral tissue in grape seed embryos using a straightforward mechanical technique,resulting in the efficient production of a substantial quantity of seed embryos,with a germination rate of up to 88% for these isolated embryos.These embryos are subsequently cultured in vitro to facilitate germination into seedlings,thereby eliminating the need for cold stratification.Consequently,grape seedlings can be obtained within a significantly reduced timeframe of 30-38 d,expediting the overall grape breeding process.This novel approach not only accelerates grape hybridization but also streamlines the selection of new grape varieties,contributing to an efficient and time-sensitive breeding methodology.展开更多
The uneven distribution of higher education resources between eastern and western China has a long history.In particular,computer science education in Western regions,constrained by geographical,economic,and brain dra...The uneven distribution of higher education resources between eastern and western China has a long history.In particular,computer science education in Western regions,constrained by geographical,economic,and brain drain issues,lags significantly behind that in Eastern regions.The development of GenAI technology brings new opportunities for Western computer science education to catch up.This paper focuses on GenAI-empowered reform in computer science education and explores its application in optimizing teaching content and innovating teaching models.The study proposes GenAI-based strategies for optimizing course teaching content,including enhancing basic,practical,and cutting-edge content of computer courses.Additionally,it explores the innovation of a“teacher-student-machine”collaborative teaching model,emphasizing the improvement of teaching effectiveness and students’learning experience through human-machine collaboration.This study provides new ideas and methods for the reform of computer science education and offers practical references for the application of GenAI technology in higher education.展开更多
Nucleic acids with G4 elements play a role in the formation of aggregates involved in intracellular phase transitions.Our previous studies suggest that different forms of DNA could act as an accelerating template in C...Nucleic acids with G4 elements play a role in the formation of aggregates involved in intracellular phase transitions.Our previous studies suggest that different forms of DNA could act as an accelerating template in Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase(SOD1)aggregation.Here,we examined the regulation of fo rmation and cytotoxicity of the SOD1 aggregates by single-stranded 12-merdeoxynucleotide oligomers(dN)_(12)(N=A,T,G,C;ssDNAs)under acidic conditions.The ssDNAs can be divided into two groups based on their roles in SOD1 binding,exposure of hydrophobic clusters in SOD1,accelerated formation,morphology and cytotoxicity of SOD1 aggregates.G-quadruplexes convert SOD1 into fibrillar aggregates as a template,a fact which was observed for the first time in the nucleic acid regulation of protein aggregation.Moreover,the fibrillar or fibril-like SOD1 species with a G-quadruplex provided by(dG)_(12)were less toxic than the amorphous species with(dN)_(12)(N=A,T).This study not only indicates that both morphology and cytotoxicity of protein aggregates can be regulated by the protein-bound DNAs,but also help us understand roles of nucleic aid G-quadruplexes in the formation of aggregates and membrane less organelles involved in intracellular phase transitions.展开更多
In recent years, the beer industry is a biological food industry that consumes a lot of water, and it has developed rapidly in China. The sewage discharged from the mass production of beer poses a huge threat to the e...In recent years, the beer industry is a biological food industry that consumes a lot of water, and it has developed rapidly in China. The sewage discharged from the mass production of beer poses a huge threat to the environment. In order to evaluate and better solve the possible environmental impacts of beer treatment engineering projects, a brewery project in Foshan City is taken as an example to investigate the water pollution generation links of the engineering process including surface water and groundwater. According to the relevant technical methods and standards, water pollution factors are screened, and concentration and discharge are monitored. Through comprehensive analysis, predictive evaluation is obtained. It is confirmed that the project meets the requirements of national laws and regulations and environmental protection standards.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the infection of patients in the ICU with extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii(XDRAB)and analyse the effect of tigecycline therapy for XDRAB.Methods:Seventy-one patients admitted...Objective:To investigate the infection of patients in the ICU with extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii(XDRAB)and analyse the effect of tigecycline therapy for XDRAB.Methods:Seventy-one patients admitted to the ICU with XDRAB infection from January 2013 to July 2017 were divided into the tigecycline group(combination therapy with 50 mg tigecycline and 0.1 g minocycline every 12 hours)or the control group(no tigecycline treatment).Patient data,including age,sex,history of malignant tumour,body temperature,APACHE Ⅱ score,ALT,AST,GGT,TB,ALB,TBIL,DBIL,IBIL,BUN,Cr,absolute neutrophil count,procalcitonin(PCT),site positive for XDRAB infection,length of stay,and prognosis,were collected and compared between the two groups.Binary logistic regression was used to analyse the prognostic risk factors for XDRAB.Results:A total of 61.6% of the patients infected with XDRAB had multiple sites of XDRAB colonization.The cure rate achieved in the tigecycline group was higher than that of the control group(70.7%vs 41.9%).Multivariate analysis showed that older age,a high level of PCT after treatment and the absence of tigecycline treatment were poor prognostic factors for XDRAB infection.Conclusion:Combination therapy with tigecycline and minocycline is effective for XDRAB infection and reduces the cost of treatment.Combined therapy with tigecycline is a predictor of good prognosis for patients infected with XDRAB,whereas older age and increased PCT levels after treatment are predictors of poor prognosis.展开更多
Reticular chemistry enables the precise design and synthesis of crystalline extended materials,however,its application in hierarchical self-assembly of superstructures remains challenging due to the limited control ov...Reticular chemistry enables the precise design and synthesis of crystalline extended materials,however,its application in hierarchical self-assembly of superstructures remains challenging due to the limited control over weak interactions between synthons,in contrast to the stronger coordination or covalent bonds typically involved.Herein,we introduce an anion-competitive strategy to control the topology and structural diversity of superstructures.Cationic tetrahedral Zr-based metal–organic polyhedra were used as cage-like synthons,which were charge-balanced by Cl^(-)ions and interconnected via hydrogen bonds to form hierarchical superstructures.Introducing trigonal planar NO_(3)^(-)ions to compete with spherical Cl^(-)ions produced three new superstructures featuring different hydrogen bond-based linkages and distinct topologies(dia,bnn,and xhy),diverging from the previously reported flu topology.Furthermore,the superstructures with dia and bnn topologies exhibit high porosities and record iodine adsorption capacities in solution(4.31 and 4.19 g·g^(-1),respectively).This work demonstrates the potential of reticular chemistry for the versatile design and construction of diversified hierarchical superstructures.展开更多
Nearly 30%of patients with schizophrenia respond inadequately to current antipsychotics,with unclear markers and mechanisms of antipsychotic efficacy.A total of 208 patients with schizophrenia treated for 6 weeks with...Nearly 30%of patients with schizophrenia respond inadequately to current antipsychotics,with unclear markers and mechanisms of antipsychotic efficacy.A total of 208 patients with schizophrenia treated for 6 weeks with oral paliperidone were analyzed through genotyping,mass spectrometry proteomic,and metabolomic profiling to explore underlying markers and mechanisms of antipsychotic efficacy.Machine learning analysis identified 20 proteins and 20 metabolites at baseline predictive of treatment response.Proteomic and metabolomic models achieved a cross-site mean AUC of 0.923 and 0.816,respectively.A multi-omics ensemble model achieved 0.941.GWAS and differential analyses identified 32 loci(P<5×10-5),83 proteins,and 31 metabolites associated with efficacy(P<0.05).Trans-omics analysis of these efficacy-related molecules across three omic layers highlighted glycerophospholipid metabolism(P=3.25×10-5)and sphingolipid metabolism(P=0.039).Key molecules within these pathways exhibited a consistent direction of effect in regulating phosphatidylcholine(PC)and sphingomyelin(SM)metabolism,and higher PC and SM levels were found to correlate with better efficacy.These associations were further genetically validated using polygenic risk scores in two independent cohorts(2281 and 449 patients,respectively).In conclusion,multi-omics modeling is able to accurately identify antipsychotic efficacy,and higher PC and SM levels correlate with better antipsychotic efficacy,suggesting that variations in phospholipid metabolism may underlie the response to antipsychotics.展开更多
Introduction:This study aimed to establish a robust method for monitoring measles vaccine-induced immunity and assessing population-level serostatus.Methods:This study constructed a vesicular stomatitis virus(VSV)-bas...Introduction:This study aimed to establish a robust method for monitoring measles vaccine-induced immunity and assessing population-level serostatus.Methods:This study constructed a vesicular stomatitis virus(VSV)-based pseudotyped virus system expressing envelope proteins from seven major circulating measles genotypes(H1,B3,D4,D8,D9,D11,G3)and the Schwarz vaccine strain(genotype A),thereby enabling a high-throughput neutralization assay for antibody detection.Results:Vaccination induced a substantial increase in neutralizing antibody geometric mean titers(GMT)post-immunization(4,808 after the first dose;5,326 after the second dose),with antibody levels remaining elevated in 4-year-old children(GMT:3,834).Crossneutralization activity against different genotypes varied by less than 6.4-fold,demonstrating broad protective immunity.However,12%of adult sera tested were seronegative,revealing the presence of susceptible populations.Conclusions:This study confirms the robust immunogenicity of the current measles vaccine and establishes a valuable tool for serosurveillance and longterm immunity assessment.展开更多
Breath metabolomics enables noninvasive and rapid acquisition of metabolic information by detecting volatile organic compounds(VOCs)in exhaled breath.Secondary electrospray ionization high-resolution tandem mass spect...Breath metabolomics enables noninvasive and rapid acquisition of metabolic information by detecting volatile organic compounds(VOCs)in exhaled breath.Secondary electrospray ionization high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry(SESI-HRMS/MS)offers the highest coverage for detecting breath metabolites among current real-time breath analysis techniques.Although it has been generally recognized that metabolites in breath originate from the blood,a molecular-level understanding of the characteristics of metabolites in both breath and blood remains insufficient.In this study,nontargeted analyses of breath and blood samples from 11 healthy volunteers were performed using SESI-HRMS/MS and ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry(UHPLCESI-HRMS/MS),respectively.Tandem mass spectrometry was employed for metabolite annotation.Twenty-six breath-unique metabolites and 73 blood-unique metabolites were identified.Besides,seven metabolites were found in both breath and blood,including 7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane,levulinic acid,indole,pyroglutamic acid,malic acid,glutamic acid,and histidine.Intriguingly,the correlation of these metabolites between breath and blood was low(r<0.4 or p>0.05).Among all the confirmed metabolites,breath metabolites exhibit higher volatility according to their water−gas partition coefficient(log P_(w/g))compared to blood metabolites.In addition,gender-derived differences in breath were significantly smaller than blood.In summary,this study indicates that breath metabolites are likely to offer complementary information on blood metabolites.When combined with blood metabolomics,this would be advantageous for the appropriate application of breath metabolomics in life sciences,such as in biomarker discovery.展开更多
Fever and rash illnesses(FRIs)are a series of common diseaseswith fever and rashes as clinicalmanifestations,most of which are caused by viral infection.The rashes of FRIs are generally nonspecific;therefore it is dif...Fever and rash illnesses(FRIs)are a series of common diseaseswith fever and rashes as clinicalmanifestations,most of which are caused by viral infection.The rashes of FRIs are generally nonspecific;therefore it is difficult to identify FRIassociated viruses solely based on clinical symptoms.To achieve rapid and accurate identification of FRI pathogens,a multiplex one-step real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)assay was developed and evaluated in this study.Primers and probes were selected for the detection of measles virus(MeV),rubella virus(RV),human enterovirus(EV),varicella-zoster virus(VZV),dengue virus(DENV),human parvovirus B19(B19),Epstein-Barr virus(EBV),and human herpes virus 6(HHV-6),which cover the most common pathogenic viruses of FRIs.Detection of the eight FRI-associated viruses,which was divided into two groups/tubes,was simultaneously performed under universal optimized reaction conditions in multiplex one-step real-time RT-PCR assay.The multiplex realtime RT-PCR showed high sensitivity and specificity in detecting the eight FRI-associated viruses.The limits of detection(LODs)for the eight viruses were in the range of 47–177 copies/reaction,and no cross reactions for the eight FRIassociated viruses were found in the multiplex assay.In addition,the results of the multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay were consistent with the results of a monoplex real-time RT-PCR assay and sequencing for clinical specimens obtained from FRI patients.With its advantages of high efficiency and rapid and accurate diagnosis,multiplex real-time RT-PCR was very feasible for the early diagnosis of FRI pathogenic viruses and would be of great help for the proper treatment,monitoring,and initiation of preventive measures for FRI cases.展开更多
Cancer and impaired tissue wound healing with ageing are closely related to the quality of life of the elderly population.Given the increased incidence of cancer and the population ageing trend globally,it is very imp...Cancer and impaired tissue wound healing with ageing are closely related to the quality of life of the elderly population.Given the increased incidence of cancer and the population ageing trend globally,it is very important to explore how ageing impairs tissue wound healing and spontaneous cancer.In a murine model of DSS-induced acute colitis and AOM/DSS-induced colitis-associated cancer(CAC),we found ageing significantly decreases intestinal wound healing and simultaneous CAC initiation,although ageing does not affect the incidence of AOM-induced,sporadic non-inflammatory CRC.Mechanistically,reduced fibroblasts were observed in the colitis microenvironment of ageing mice.Through conditional lineage tracing,an important source of fibroblasts potentially derived from intestinal smooth muscle cells(ISMCs)was identified orchestrating intestinal wound healing and CAC initiation in young mice.However,the number of transformed fibroblasts from ISMCs significantly decreased in ageing mice,accompanied by decreased intestinal wound healing and decreased CAC initiation.ISMCs-fibroblasts transformation in young mice and reduction of this transformation in ageing mice were also confirmed by ex-vivo intestinal muscular layer culture experiments.We further found that activation of YAP/TAZ in ISMCs is required for the transformation of ISMCs into fibroblasts.Meanwhile,the reduction of YAP/TAZ activation in ISMCs during intestinal wound healing was observed in ageing mice.Conditional knockdown of YAP/TAZ in ISMCs of young mice results in reduced fibroblasts in the colitis microenvironment,decreased intestinal wound healing and decreased CAC initiation,similar to the phenotype of ageing mice.In addition,the data from intestine samples derived from inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)patients show that activation of YAP/TAZ also occurs in ISMCs from these patients.Collectively,our work reveals an important role of the ageing stromal microenvironment in intestinal wound healing and CAC initiation.Furthermore,our work also identified a potential source of fibroblasts involved in colitis and CAC.展开更多
What is already known about this topic?Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has become a global pandemic,while the profile of antibody response against the COVID-19 virus has not been well clarified.What is added by this...What is already known about this topic?Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has become a global pandemic,while the profile of antibody response against the COVID-19 virus has not been well clarified.What is added by this report?In this study,210 serum samples from 160 confirmed COVID-19 cases with different disease severities were recruited.The IgM,IgA,IgG,and neutralizing antibodies(NAb)against COVID-19 virus were determined.Our findings indicated that four antibodies could be detectable at low levels within 2 weeks of disease onset,then rapidly increasing and peaking from the 3^(rd) to 5^(th) Weeks.NAb decreased between 5^(th) and 9^(th) Weeks,and a higher IgM/IgA level was observed in the groups with mild/moderate severity within 2 weeks(p<0.05),while all 4 types of antibodies were higher in the group with severe/critical severity after 4 weeks(p<0.05).What are the implications for public health practice?Our study on the dynamics of serological antibody responses against COVID-19 virus among COVID-19 patients complements the recognition regarding the humoral immune response to COVID-19 virus infection.The findings will help in the interpretation of antibody detection results for COVID-19 patients and be beneficial for the evaluation of vaccination effects.展开更多
Rhinovirus(RV)is a common pathogen that causes respiratory tract infection and can cause outbreaks in hos-pitals and welfare institutions.A cluster of respiratory diseases occurred in a primary school in Shenyang City...Rhinovirus(RV)is a common pathogen that causes respiratory tract infection and can cause outbreaks in hos-pitals and welfare institutions.A cluster of respiratory diseases occurred in a primary school in Shenyang City,Liaoning Province,China,in 2022.In this outbreak,a total of 31 students had symptoms similar to those of upper respiratory tract infection,mainly cough and sore throat.Among them,27 throat swabs were collected and identified for respiratory pathogens by TaqMan low-density array(TLDA),quantitative real-time poly-merase chain reaction(PCR),reverse transcription-nested PCR and whole-genome sequencing.Out of the 27 specimens,24 tested positive for RV,and 21 RV viral protein 1 sequences were obtained,of which 15(71.43%)were identified as RV-A49,while 2 RV-A20 and 4 sequences from 2 specimens were RV-A30 coin-fected with RV-C15.In addition,one whole-genome sequence(WGS)of RV-A49 was obtained,and three unique amino acid mutations were found compared to 23 WGS of RV-A49 from GenBank.In conclusion,this outbreak of upper respiratory tract infection is caused by RV,mainly RV-A49.展开更多
China’s first 35 kJ high temperature superconducting magnetic energy storage(SMES)system with an experiment equipment was depicted.The dynamic heat analysis of the magnet of the SMES was conducted through the current...China’s first 35 kJ high temperature superconducting magnetic energy storage(SMES)system with an experiment equipment was depicted.The dynamic heat analysis of the magnet of the SMES was conducted through the current load test on the directly cooled conduction magnet.The research results were as follows:when the converter charges and discharges the magnet for energy storage,the hysteresis loss is the main part of power loss,and contributes significantly to temperature rise;reducing the current frequency at the side of direct current is conducive to restraining temperature rise.The optimizing factors of the cool-guide structure were analyzed based on the heat stability theory,and it was found that the heat transfer of its key part(at the top of the magnet)must be strengthened to reduce the axial temperature difference of the magnet.展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22374055,22022404,22074050,82172055)the National Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.22022CFA033)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.CCNU24JCPT001,CCNU24JCPT020)。
文摘Plants play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance and biodiversity.However,plant health is easily affected by environmental stresses.Hence,the rapid and precise monitoring of plant health is crucial for global food security and ecological balance.Currently,traditional detection strategies for monitoring plant health mainly rely on expensive equipment and complex operational procedures,which limit their widespread application.Fortunately,near-infrared(NIR)fluorescence and surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)techniques have been recently highlighted in plants.NIR fluorescence imaging holds the advantages of being non-invasive,high-resolution and real-time,which is suitable for rapid screening in large-scale scenarios.While SERS enables highly sensitive and specific detection of trace chemical substances within plant tissues.Therefore,the complementarity of NIR fluorescence and SERS modalities can provide more comprehensive and accurate information for plant disease diagnosis and growth status monitoring.This article summarizes these two modalities in plant applications,and discusses the advantages of multimodal NIR fluorescence/SERS for a better understanding of a plant’s response to stress,thereby improving the accuracy and sensitivity of detection.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82272321)the Stanley Foundation from the Stanley Medical Research Institute(SMRI),United States(No.06R-1366)。
文摘The human endogenous retrovirus type W envelope glycoprotein(ERVWE1),located at chromosome 7q21–22,has been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.Our previous studies have shown elevated ERVWE1 expression in schizophrenia patients.Growing evidence suggests that autophagy dysfunction contributes to schizophrenia,yet the relationship between ERVWE1 and autophagy remains unclear.In this study,bioinformatics analysis of the human prefrontal cortex RNA microarray dataset(GSE53987)revealed that differentially expressed genes were predominantly enriched in autophagy-related pathways.Clinical data further demonstrated that serum levels of microtubuleassociated protein 1 light chain 3β(LC3B),a key marker of macroautophagy,were significantly elevated in schizophrenia patients compared to controls,and positively correlated with ERVWE1 expression.Cellular and molecular experiments suggested that ERVWE1 promoted macroautophagy by increasing the LC3B II/I ratio,enhancing autophagosome formation,and reducing sequestosome 1(SQSTM1)expression via upregulation of NADPH oxidase activator 1(NOXA1).Concurrently,NOXA1 downregulated the expression of key micromitophagy-related genes,including PTEN-induced kinase 1(PINK1),Parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase(Parkin),and the pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 subunitα1(PDHA1).As a result,ERVWE1,via NOXA1,inhibited micromitophagy by suppressing the expression of PINK1,Parkin,and PDHA1,thereby leading to impaired production of mitochondrialderived vesicles(MDVs).Mechanistically,ERVWE1 enhanced NOXA1 transcription by upregulating upstream transcription factor 2(USF2).In conclusion,ERVWE1 promotes macroautophagy and inhibits micromitophagy through USF2-NOXA1 axis,providing novel mechanistic insight into the role autophagy dysregulation in schizophrenia.These findings suggest that targeting autophagy pathways may offer novel therapeutic strategies for schizophrenia treatment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62276049,61701078,61872068,and 62006038)the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(2025ZNSFSC0487)+3 种基金the Science and Technology Innovation 2030-Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Project(2021ZD0200200)the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFE0118600)Sichuan Province Science and Technology Support Program(2019YJ0193,2021YFG0126,2021YFG0366,and 2022YFS0180)Medico-Engineering Cooperation Funds from the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China(ZYGX2021YGLH014).
文摘Schizophrenia(SZ)stands as a severe psychiatric disorder.This study applied diffusion tensor imaging(DTI)data in conjunction with graph neural networks to distinguish SZ patients from normal controls(NCs)and showcases the superior performance of a graph neural network integrating combined fractional anisotropy and fiber number brain network features,achieving an accuracy of 73.79%in distinguishing SZ patients from NCs.Beyond mere discrimination,our study delved deeper into the advantages of utilizing white matter brain network features for identifying SZ patients through interpretable model analysis and gene expression analysis.These analyses uncovered intricate interrelationships between brain imaging markers and genetic biomarkers,providing novel insights into the neuropathological basis of SZ.In summary,our findings underscore the potential of graph neural networks applied to multimodal DTI data for enhancing SZ detection through an integrated analysis of neuroimaging and genetic features.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences(Grant No.QNJJ202301)the Youth Research Foundation of Institute of Forestry and Pomology+2 种基金Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science(Grant No.LGJJ202202)the BAAFS Funding for the Development of Distinguished Scientist(Grant No.JKZX202402)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.6242019)。
文摘In grape breeding programs,the extensive planting of seedlings is a crucial aspect.However,grape seeds display distinct dormancy traits,necessitating a prolonged cold stratification process for dormancy release.In order to enhance the efficiency of breeding programs,this study presents an innovative in vitro embryo germination technique that eliminates the requirement for cold stratification of seeds.The method involves the disruption of peripheral tissue in grape seed embryos using a straightforward mechanical technique,resulting in the efficient production of a substantial quantity of seed embryos,with a germination rate of up to 88% for these isolated embryos.These embryos are subsequently cultured in vitro to facilitate germination into seedlings,thereby eliminating the need for cold stratification.Consequently,grape seedlings can be obtained within a significantly reduced timeframe of 30-38 d,expediting the overall grape breeding process.This novel approach not only accelerates grape hybridization but also streamlines the selection of new grape varieties,contributing to an efficient and time-sensitive breeding methodology.
基金Industry-University Collaborative Education Project of the Ministry of Education,“Research on Improving the Practical Teaching Ability of Teachers in the Internet of Things Major”(Project No.:202101058021)。
文摘The uneven distribution of higher education resources between eastern and western China has a long history.In particular,computer science education in Western regions,constrained by geographical,economic,and brain drain issues,lags significantly behind that in Eastern regions.The development of GenAI technology brings new opportunities for Western computer science education to catch up.This paper focuses on GenAI-empowered reform in computer science education and explores its application in optimizing teaching content and innovating teaching models.The study proposes GenAI-based strategies for optimizing course teaching content,including enhancing basic,practical,and cutting-edge content of computer courses.Additionally,it explores the innovation of a“teacher-student-machine”collaborative teaching model,emphasizing the improvement of teaching effectiveness and students’learning experience through human-machine collaboration.This study provides new ideas and methods for the reform of computer science education and offers practical references for the application of GenAI technology in higher education.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21771073,22077046,21001047,21072074)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.CCNU19TS052)。
文摘Nucleic acids with G4 elements play a role in the formation of aggregates involved in intracellular phase transitions.Our previous studies suggest that different forms of DNA could act as an accelerating template in Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase(SOD1)aggregation.Here,we examined the regulation of fo rmation and cytotoxicity of the SOD1 aggregates by single-stranded 12-merdeoxynucleotide oligomers(dN)_(12)(N=A,T,G,C;ssDNAs)under acidic conditions.The ssDNAs can be divided into two groups based on their roles in SOD1 binding,exposure of hydrophobic clusters in SOD1,accelerated formation,morphology and cytotoxicity of SOD1 aggregates.G-quadruplexes convert SOD1 into fibrillar aggregates as a template,a fact which was observed for the first time in the nucleic acid regulation of protein aggregation.Moreover,the fibrillar or fibril-like SOD1 species with a G-quadruplex provided by(dG)_(12)were less toxic than the amorphous species with(dN)_(12)(N=A,T).This study not only indicates that both morphology and cytotoxicity of protein aggregates can be regulated by the protein-bound DNAs,but also help us understand roles of nucleic aid G-quadruplexes in the formation of aggregates and membrane less organelles involved in intracellular phase transitions.
基金Supported by Key Fields of Universities in Guangdong Province (Science and Technology Service for Rural Revitalization)(2021ZDZX4023)2021 Undergraduate Teaching Quality and Teaching Construction Project of Guangdong Province (Guangdong Education Gao Han [2021] 29)+1 种基金Zhaoqing University Quality Engineering and Teaching Reform Project (zlgc 201931)Zhaoqing University Students’Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program in 2022 (X 202210580130)。
文摘In recent years, the beer industry is a biological food industry that consumes a lot of water, and it has developed rapidly in China. The sewage discharged from the mass production of beer poses a huge threat to the environment. In order to evaluate and better solve the possible environmental impacts of beer treatment engineering projects, a brewery project in Foshan City is taken as an example to investigate the water pollution generation links of the engineering process including surface water and groundwater. According to the relevant technical methods and standards, water pollution factors are screened, and concentration and discharge are monitored. Through comprehensive analysis, predictive evaluation is obtained. It is confirmed that the project meets the requirements of national laws and regulations and environmental protection standards.
文摘Objective:To investigate the infection of patients in the ICU with extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii(XDRAB)and analyse the effect of tigecycline therapy for XDRAB.Methods:Seventy-one patients admitted to the ICU with XDRAB infection from January 2013 to July 2017 were divided into the tigecycline group(combination therapy with 50 mg tigecycline and 0.1 g minocycline every 12 hours)or the control group(no tigecycline treatment).Patient data,including age,sex,history of malignant tumour,body temperature,APACHE Ⅱ score,ALT,AST,GGT,TB,ALB,TBIL,DBIL,IBIL,BUN,Cr,absolute neutrophil count,procalcitonin(PCT),site positive for XDRAB infection,length of stay,and prognosis,were collected and compared between the two groups.Binary logistic regression was used to analyse the prognostic risk factors for XDRAB.Results:A total of 61.6% of the patients infected with XDRAB had multiple sites of XDRAB colonization.The cure rate achieved in the tigecycline group was higher than that of the control group(70.7%vs 41.9%).Multivariate analysis showed that older age,a high level of PCT after treatment and the absence of tigecycline treatment were poor prognostic factors for XDRAB infection.Conclusion:Combination therapy with tigecycline and minocycline is effective for XDRAB infection and reduces the cost of treatment.Combined therapy with tigecycline is a predictor of good prognosis for patients infected with XDRAB,whereas older age and increased PCT levels after treatment are predictors of poor prognosis.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.22101093)Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province,China(grant no.2022CFB163)Knowledge Innovation Program of Wuhan-Shuguang Project,and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(grant no.CCNU22QN008,CCNU24JCPT017).
文摘Reticular chemistry enables the precise design and synthesis of crystalline extended materials,however,its application in hierarchical self-assembly of superstructures remains challenging due to the limited control over weak interactions between synthons,in contrast to the stronger coordination or covalent bonds typically involved.Herein,we introduce an anion-competitive strategy to control the topology and structural diversity of superstructures.Cationic tetrahedral Zr-based metal–organic polyhedra were used as cage-like synthons,which were charge-balanced by Cl^(-)ions and interconnected via hydrogen bonds to form hierarchical superstructures.Introducing trigonal planar NO_(3)^(-)ions to compete with spherical Cl^(-)ions produced three new superstructures featuring different hydrogen bond-based linkages and distinct topologies(dia,bnn,and xhy),diverging from the previously reported flu topology.Furthermore,the superstructures with dia and bnn topologies exhibit high porosities and record iodine adsorption capacities in solution(4.31 and 4.19 g·g^(-1),respectively).This work demonstrates the potential of reticular chemistry for the versatile design and construction of diversified hierarchical superstructures.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82330042,82441005,82501802,82301687,82571710)National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFE0119400)+6 种基金Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research(2024-1-4111)STI2030-Major Projects(2021ZD0200702)Beijing Municipal Health Commission Research Ward Programme(3rd batch)Beijing Nova Program(20230484425)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024M760141)National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(BX20240029)Peking University Medicine Sailing Program for Young Scholars’Scientific&Technological Innovation,the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(BMU2025YFJHPY044).
文摘Nearly 30%of patients with schizophrenia respond inadequately to current antipsychotics,with unclear markers and mechanisms of antipsychotic efficacy.A total of 208 patients with schizophrenia treated for 6 weeks with oral paliperidone were analyzed through genotyping,mass spectrometry proteomic,and metabolomic profiling to explore underlying markers and mechanisms of antipsychotic efficacy.Machine learning analysis identified 20 proteins and 20 metabolites at baseline predictive of treatment response.Proteomic and metabolomic models achieved a cross-site mean AUC of 0.923 and 0.816,respectively.A multi-omics ensemble model achieved 0.941.GWAS and differential analyses identified 32 loci(P<5×10-5),83 proteins,and 31 metabolites associated with efficacy(P<0.05).Trans-omics analysis of these efficacy-related molecules across three omic layers highlighted glycerophospholipid metabolism(P=3.25×10-5)and sphingolipid metabolism(P=0.039).Key molecules within these pathways exhibited a consistent direction of effect in regulating phosphatidylcholine(PC)and sphingomyelin(SM)metabolism,and higher PC and SM levels were found to correlate with better efficacy.These associations were further genetically validated using polygenic risk scores in two independent cohorts(2281 and 449 patients,respectively).In conclusion,multi-omics modeling is able to accurately identify antipsychotic efficacy,and higher PC and SM levels correlate with better antipsychotic efficacy,suggesting that variations in phospholipid metabolism may underlie the response to antipsychotics.
基金Supported by the Major Project of Guangzhou National Laboratory,Grant No.GZNL2024A01019.
文摘Introduction:This study aimed to establish a robust method for monitoring measles vaccine-induced immunity and assessing population-level serostatus.Methods:This study constructed a vesicular stomatitis virus(VSV)-based pseudotyped virus system expressing envelope proteins from seven major circulating measles genotypes(H1,B3,D4,D8,D9,D11,G3)and the Schwarz vaccine strain(genotype A),thereby enabling a high-throughput neutralization assay for antibody detection.Results:Vaccination induced a substantial increase in neutralizing antibody geometric mean titers(GMT)post-immunization(4,808 after the first dose;5,326 after the second dose),with antibody levels remaining elevated in 4-year-old children(GMT:3,834).Crossneutralization activity against different genotypes varied by less than 6.4-fold,demonstrating broad protective immunity.However,12%of adult sera tested were seronegative,revealing the presence of susceptible populations.Conclusions:This study confirms the robust immunogenicity of the current measles vaccine and establishes a valuable tool for serosurveillance and longterm immunity assessment.
基金funded by the Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research(2023B0303000013)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22122603)the Research Fund Program of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Speed Capability Research(2023B1212010008).
文摘Breath metabolomics enables noninvasive and rapid acquisition of metabolic information by detecting volatile organic compounds(VOCs)in exhaled breath.Secondary electrospray ionization high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry(SESI-HRMS/MS)offers the highest coverage for detecting breath metabolites among current real-time breath analysis techniques.Although it has been generally recognized that metabolites in breath originate from the blood,a molecular-level understanding of the characteristics of metabolites in both breath and blood remains insufficient.In this study,nontargeted analyses of breath and blood samples from 11 healthy volunteers were performed using SESI-HRMS/MS and ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry(UHPLCESI-HRMS/MS),respectively.Tandem mass spectrometry was employed for metabolite annotation.Twenty-six breath-unique metabolites and 73 blood-unique metabolites were identified.Besides,seven metabolites were found in both breath and blood,including 7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane,levulinic acid,indole,pyroglutamic acid,malic acid,glutamic acid,and histidine.Intriguingly,the correlation of these metabolites between breath and blood was low(r<0.4 or p>0.05).Among all the confirmed metabolites,breath metabolites exhibit higher volatility according to their water−gas partition coefficient(log P_(w/g))compared to blood metabolites.In addition,gender-derived differences in breath were significantly smaller than blood.In summary,this study indicates that breath metabolites are likely to offer complementary information on blood metabolites.When combined with blood metabolomics,this would be advantageous for the appropriate application of breath metabolomics in life sciences,such as in biomarker discovery.
基金supported by the Key Technologies R&D Program of the National Ministry of Science[grant numbers 2018ZX10711001,2018ZX10713002,2018ZX10713001-003,and 2017ZX10104001-002].
文摘Fever and rash illnesses(FRIs)are a series of common diseaseswith fever and rashes as clinicalmanifestations,most of which are caused by viral infection.The rashes of FRIs are generally nonspecific;therefore it is difficult to identify FRIassociated viruses solely based on clinical symptoms.To achieve rapid and accurate identification of FRI pathogens,a multiplex one-step real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)assay was developed and evaluated in this study.Primers and probes were selected for the detection of measles virus(MeV),rubella virus(RV),human enterovirus(EV),varicella-zoster virus(VZV),dengue virus(DENV),human parvovirus B19(B19),Epstein-Barr virus(EBV),and human herpes virus 6(HHV-6),which cover the most common pathogenic viruses of FRIs.Detection of the eight FRI-associated viruses,which was divided into two groups/tubes,was simultaneously performed under universal optimized reaction conditions in multiplex one-step real-time RT-PCR assay.The multiplex realtime RT-PCR showed high sensitivity and specificity in detecting the eight FRI-associated viruses.The limits of detection(LODs)for the eight viruses were in the range of 47–177 copies/reaction,and no cross reactions for the eight FRIassociated viruses were found in the multiplex assay.In addition,the results of the multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay were consistent with the results of a monoplex real-time RT-PCR assay and sequencing for clinical specimens obtained from FRI patients.With its advantages of high efficiency and rapid and accurate diagnosis,multiplex real-time RT-PCR was very feasible for the early diagnosis of FRI pathogenic viruses and would be of great help for the proper treatment,monitoring,and initiation of preventive measures for FRI cases.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Program grant(no.81972607,81772939)the National Key R&D Program of China grant(no.2022YFA1105602)1.3.5 project for disciplines of excellence,West China Hospital,Sichuan University(ZYGD20003).We thank Xinyue Hu for his contribution to the illustration in Fig.8.
文摘Cancer and impaired tissue wound healing with ageing are closely related to the quality of life of the elderly population.Given the increased incidence of cancer and the population ageing trend globally,it is very important to explore how ageing impairs tissue wound healing and spontaneous cancer.In a murine model of DSS-induced acute colitis and AOM/DSS-induced colitis-associated cancer(CAC),we found ageing significantly decreases intestinal wound healing and simultaneous CAC initiation,although ageing does not affect the incidence of AOM-induced,sporadic non-inflammatory CRC.Mechanistically,reduced fibroblasts were observed in the colitis microenvironment of ageing mice.Through conditional lineage tracing,an important source of fibroblasts potentially derived from intestinal smooth muscle cells(ISMCs)was identified orchestrating intestinal wound healing and CAC initiation in young mice.However,the number of transformed fibroblasts from ISMCs significantly decreased in ageing mice,accompanied by decreased intestinal wound healing and decreased CAC initiation.ISMCs-fibroblasts transformation in young mice and reduction of this transformation in ageing mice were also confirmed by ex-vivo intestinal muscular layer culture experiments.We further found that activation of YAP/TAZ in ISMCs is required for the transformation of ISMCs into fibroblasts.Meanwhile,the reduction of YAP/TAZ activation in ISMCs during intestinal wound healing was observed in ageing mice.Conditional knockdown of YAP/TAZ in ISMCs of young mice results in reduced fibroblasts in the colitis microenvironment,decreased intestinal wound healing and decreased CAC initiation,similar to the phenotype of ageing mice.In addition,the data from intestine samples derived from inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)patients show that activation of YAP/TAZ also occurs in ISMCs from these patients.Collectively,our work reveals an important role of the ageing stromal microenvironment in intestinal wound healing and CAC initiation.Furthermore,our work also identified a potential source of fibroblasts involved in colitis and CAC.
基金supported by the Key Technologies R&D Program of the National Ministry of Science(2018ZX10713002 and 2018ZX10713001-003).
文摘What is already known about this topic?Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has become a global pandemic,while the profile of antibody response against the COVID-19 virus has not been well clarified.What is added by this report?In this study,210 serum samples from 160 confirmed COVID-19 cases with different disease severities were recruited.The IgM,IgA,IgG,and neutralizing antibodies(NAb)against COVID-19 virus were determined.Our findings indicated that four antibodies could be detectable at low levels within 2 weeks of disease onset,then rapidly increasing and peaking from the 3^(rd) to 5^(th) Weeks.NAb decreased between 5^(th) and 9^(th) Weeks,and a higher IgM/IgA level was observed in the groups with mild/moderate severity within 2 weeks(p<0.05),while all 4 types of antibodies were higher in the group with severe/critical severity after 4 weeks(p<0.05).What are the implications for public health practice?Our study on the dynamics of serological antibody responses against COVID-19 virus among COVID-19 patients complements the recognition regarding the humoral immune response to COVID-19 virus infection.The findings will help in the interpretation of antibody detection results for COVID-19 patients and be beneficial for the evaluation of vaccination effects.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2704904).
文摘Rhinovirus(RV)is a common pathogen that causes respiratory tract infection and can cause outbreaks in hos-pitals and welfare institutions.A cluster of respiratory diseases occurred in a primary school in Shenyang City,Liaoning Province,China,in 2022.In this outbreak,a total of 31 students had symptoms similar to those of upper respiratory tract infection,mainly cough and sore throat.Among them,27 throat swabs were collected and identified for respiratory pathogens by TaqMan low-density array(TLDA),quantitative real-time poly-merase chain reaction(PCR),reverse transcription-nested PCR and whole-genome sequencing.Out of the 27 specimens,24 tested positive for RV,and 21 RV viral protein 1 sequences were obtained,of which 15(71.43%)were identified as RV-A49,while 2 RV-A20 and 4 sequences from 2 specimens were RV-A30 coin-fected with RV-C15.In addition,one whole-genome sequence(WGS)of RV-A49 was obtained,and three unique amino acid mutations were found compared to 23 WGS of RV-A49 from GenBank.In conclusion,this outbreak of upper respiratory tract infection is caused by RV,mainly RV-A49.
基金supported by the Hi-Tech Research and Development Program of China (No.2002AA306331-4)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.51076013)the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (No.200040487039).
文摘China’s first 35 kJ high temperature superconducting magnetic energy storage(SMES)system with an experiment equipment was depicted.The dynamic heat analysis of the magnet of the SMES was conducted through the current load test on the directly cooled conduction magnet.The research results were as follows:when the converter charges and discharges the magnet for energy storage,the hysteresis loss is the main part of power loss,and contributes significantly to temperature rise;reducing the current frequency at the side of direct current is conducive to restraining temperature rise.The optimizing factors of the cool-guide structure were analyzed based on the heat stability theory,and it was found that the heat transfer of its key part(at the top of the magnet)must be strengthened to reduce the axial temperature difference of the magnet.
