Objective:Circulating tumor cells(CTCs)play a critical role in cancer metastasis,but their prevalence and significance remain unclear.This study attempted to track the epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)status of C...Objective:Circulating tumor cells(CTCs)play a critical role in cancer metastasis,but their prevalence and significance remain unclear.This study attempted to track the epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)status of CTCs in breast cancer patients and investigate their clinical relevance.Methods:In this study,the established negFACS-IF:E/M platform was applied to isolate rare CTCs and characterize their EMT status in breast cancer.A total of 89 breast cancer patients were recruited,including stage 0–III(n=60)and late stage(n=29)cases.Results:Using the negFACS-IF:E/M platform,it was found that in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)+patients,mesenchymal CTCs usually exhibited a high percentage of HER2+cells.Stage IV breast cancer patients had considerably more CTCs than stage 0–III patients.Among stage 0–III breast cancers,the HER2 subtype included a significantly higher percentage of mesenchymal and biphenotypic(epithelial and mesenchymal)CTCs than the luminal A or B subtypes.Among stage IV patients,CTCs were predominantly epithelial in cases with local recurrence and were more mesenchymal in cases with distant metastasis.By applying a support vector machine(SVM)algorithm,the EMT status of CTCs could distinguish between breast cancer cases with metastasis/local recurrence and those without recurrence.Conclusions:The negFACS-IF:E/M platform provides a flexible and generally acceptable method for the highly sensitive and specific detection of CTCs and their EMT traits in breast cancer.This study demonstrated that the EMT status of CTCs had high clinical relevance in breast cancer,especially in predicting the distant metastasis or local recurrence of breast cancer.展开更多
We sought to investigate safety of axitinib or sorafenib in renal cell carcinoma（RCC） patients and compare toxicity of these two vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitors. Databases of PubMed and Embase...We sought to investigate safety of axitinib or sorafenib in renal cell carcinoma（RCC） patients and compare toxicity of these two vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitors. Databases of PubMed and Embase were searched.We included phase II and III prospective trials, as well as retrospective studies, in which patients diagnosed with RCC were treated with axitinib or sorafenib monotherapy at a starting dose of 5 mg and 400 mg twice daily, respectively.The overall incidence of high grade hypertension, fatigue, gastrointestinal toxicity and hand-foot syndrome, along with their 95% confidence intervals（CI）, were calculated using fixed-or random-effects model according to heterogeneity test results. A total of 26 trials, including 4790 patients, were included in our meta-analysis. Among them, 6 arms were related to axitinib and 22 were associated with sorafenib. The incidences of hypertension（24.9%vs. 7.9%）, fatigue（8.2% vs. 6.6%）, and gastrointestinal toxicity（17.6% vs. 11.3%） were higher in patients receiving axitinib versus those receiving sorafenib, while the incidence of hand-foot syndrome was lower in patients receiving axitinib versus those receiving sorafenib（9.5% vs. 13.3%）. In conclusion, axitinib showed noticeably higher risks of toxicity versus sorafenib. Close monitoring and effective measures for adverse events are recommended during therapy.展开更多
The effect of the degree of milling(DM)on the distribution of the residual bran layer on the surface of rice grains and subsequent rice quality is essential for rice milling technology.This study used scanning electro...The effect of the degree of milling(DM)on the distribution of the residual bran layer on the surface of rice grains and subsequent rice quality is essential for rice milling technology.This study used scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS)to examine the microstructure of japonica rice grains,the microstructural changes in different bran portions after milling,and the content and distribution changes of the elements and nutrients in rice after milling to identify the components that can quantify bran residue according to DM.The SEM results revealed that the thickness of the bran layer and the depth of the grooves in different parts of a rice grain varied,while the depth of the grooves differed between varieties.When DM was 12%,aleurone layer(Al)cells embedded in endosperm(En)remained in the dorsal area.It was speculated that this was the reason why there was no significant difference in bran degree when the DM estimated via grain weight loss increased from 10%to 14%(P>0.05).The EDS elemental mapping image showed the qualitative distribution of the elements,which was condensed in the bran and uniform in the En.The compositional changes revealed that milling caused the loss of rice nutrients,and the loss rate of DM at 0–10%was more serious than that of DM at 10%–14%.Higher DM(>10%)could remove marginal bran from the dorsal groove.Therefore,the crude protein,ash,crude fat,dietary fiber,vitamin B1(VB1),and vitamin B2(VB2)content did not change significantly(P>0.05),while the magnesium(Mg),kalium(K),and phosphorus(P)levels decreased substantially(P<0.05).The microstructural and compositional changes indicated that the DM estimated via the grain weight loss increased from 2%to 10%,with the bran decreasing progressively.The DM estimated via the grain weight loss increased from 10%to 14%,with minimal changes in the residual bran in the dorsal grooves of the rice grains,while the Mg,P,and K levels presented precise DM indices during the rice milling process.This result will provide a theoretical reference for the accurate evaluations of DM.展开更多
Spartina alterniflora,a coastal saltmarsh plant,has been classified as one of sixteen invasive alien species by the State Environmental Protection Administration of China.Nearly forty years of propagation and intru-si...Spartina alterniflora,a coastal saltmarsh plant,has been classified as one of sixteen invasive alien species by the State Environmental Protection Administration of China.Nearly forty years of propagation and intru-sion of this plant has resulted in some harmful effects on the economic development of coastal areas,due to its proliferation.展开更多
Metabolic regulation has been proven to play a critical role in T cell antitumor immunity.However,cholesterol metabolism as a key component of this regulation remains largely unexplored.Herein,we found that the low-de...Metabolic regulation has been proven to play a critical role in T cell antitumor immunity.However,cholesterol metabolism as a key component of this regulation remains largely unexplored.Herein,we found that the low-density lipoprotein receptor(LDLR),which has been previously identified as a transporter for cholesterol,plays a pivotal role in regulating CD8+T cell antitumor activity.Besides the involvement of cholesterol uptake which is mediated by LDLR in T cell priming and clonal expansion,we also found a non-canonical function of LDLR in CD8+T cells:LDLR interacts with the T-cell receptor(TCR)complex and regulates TCR recycling and signaling,thus facilitating the effector function of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes(CTLs).Furthermore,we found that the tumor microenvironment(TME)downregulates CD8+T cell LDLR level and TCR signaling via tumor cell-derived proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9(PCSK9)which binds to LDLR and prevents the recycling of LDLR and TCR to the plasma membrane thus inhibits the effector function of CTLs.Moreover,genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of PCSK9 in tumor cells can enhance the antitumor activity of CD8+T cells by alleviating the suppressive effect on CD8+T cells and consequently inhibit tumor progression.While previously established as a hypercholesterolemia target,this study highlights PCSK9/LDLR as a potential target for cancer immunotherapy as well.展开更多
Microbial components and the endogenous molecules released from damaged cells can stimulate germ-line-encoded pattern recognition receptors(PRRs)to transduce signals to the hub of the innate immune signaling network-t...Microbial components and the endogenous molecules released from damaged cells can stimulate germ-line-encoded pattern recognition receptors(PRRs)to transduce signals to the hub of the innate immune signaling network-the adaptor proteins MyD88/TRIF/MAVS/STING/Caspase-1,where integrated signals relay to the relevant transcription factors IRF3/IRF7/NF-κB/AP-1 and the signal transducer and activator of tran-scription 6(STAT6)to trigger the expression of typeІinterferons and inflammatory cytokines or the assem-bly of inflammasomes.Most pleiotropic cytokines are secreted and bind to specific receptors,activating the signaling pathways including JAK-STAT for the prolif-eration,differentiation and functional capacity of im-mune cells.This review focuses on several critical adaptors in innate immune signaling cascades and recent progress in their molecular mechanisms.展开更多
With the increasing advance of fifth generation(5G)network and the gradual expansion of digital devices,harsh working environment for electronic devices has spawned higher requirements for microwave absorbing material...With the increasing advance of fifth generation(5G)network and the gradual expansion of digital devices,harsh working environment for electronic devices has spawned higher requirements for microwave absorbing materials(MAMs).Since both the electromagnetic response and energy conversion character vary with temperature,to achieve temperature insensitive microwave absorption behaviour in wide temperature range has become extremely challenging.In this work,structured metacomposites containing sub-wavelength reduced graphene oxide(RGO)@carbon spheres were fabricated,and the microwave absorption was further improved through structural and composition design of the RGO@carbon units.Due to the unique anti-reflection effect on microwave of the metacomposites,the temperature-insensitive electromagnetic performance at elevated temperature could be exhibited.Moreover,both the dielectric relaxation behaviour and microwave absorption proformance of the system could be further increased.As a result,the effective absorption bandwidth(reflection loss(RL)<−10 dB)of the metacomposites with only 3.0 wt.%filler content could cover the entire X-band(8.2–12.4 GHz)frequency ranging from 298 to 473K.The metacomposite proposed in this work provides a“de-correlating”strategy to break the linkage between microwave absorption behaviour and temperature,which offers an interesting plateau for fabricating efficient high-temperature microwave absorption structures with tunable and designable advantages.展开更多
Caspases are a family of cysteine proteases whose functions have been scrutinized intensively in recent years.Beyond their established roles in programmed cell death and inflammatory response,some caspases are also fu...Caspases are a family of cysteine proteases whose functions have been scrutinized intensively in recent years.Beyond their established roles in programmed cell death and inflammatory response,some caspases are also fundamental players in antiviral immunity by fine-tuning the levels of antiviral signaling adapters and cytokines,such as type I interferons,which serves as a major,sophisticated weapon against viruses.Viral infections can result in inflammasome activation and the initiation of cell death,including apoptosis and pyroptosis,and multiple caspases are significantly involved in these processes.This review will focus on the cutting-edge discoveries regarding the multifaceted roles of caspases in antiviral innate immunity.展开更多
The development of wireless sensor network ing, social networking, and wearable sensing techniques has advanced the boundaries of research on understanding so cial dynamics. Collaborative sensing, which utilizes diver...The development of wireless sensor network ing, social networking, and wearable sensing techniques has advanced the boundaries of research on understanding so cial dynamics. Collaborative sensing, which utilizes diver sity sensing and computing abilities across different entities, has become a popular sensing and computing paradigm. In this paper, we first review the history of research in col laborative sensing, which mainly refers to single space col laborative sensing that consists of physical, cyber, and so cial collaborative sensing. Afterward, we extend this concept into crossspace collaborative sensing and propose a general reference framework to demonstrate the distinct mechanism of crossspace collaborative sensing. We also review early works in crossspace collaborative sensing, and study the de tail mechanism based on one typical research work. Finally, although crossspace collaborative sensing is a promising re search area, it ＂is still in its infancy. Thus, we identify some key research challenges with potential technical details at the end of this paper.展开更多
A facile method is proposed for the synthesis of reduced graphene oxide nanosheets （RGONS） and Au nanoparticle-reduced graphene oxide nanosheet （Au-RGONS） hybrid materials, using graphene oxide （GO） as precursor...A facile method is proposed for the synthesis of reduced graphene oxide nanosheets （RGONS） and Au nanoparticle-reduced graphene oxide nanosheet （Au-RGONS） hybrid materials, using graphene oxide （GO） as precursor and sodium citrate as reductant and stabilizer. The resulting RGONS and Au-RGONS hybrid materials were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. It was found that the RGONS and Au-RGONS hybrid materials formed stable colloidal dispersions through hydrogen bonds between the residual oxygen-containing functionalities on the surface of RGONS and the hydroxyl/carboxyl groups of sodium citrate. The electrochemical responses of RGONS and Au-RGONS hybrid material-modified glassy carbon electrodes （GCE） to three kinds of biomolecules were investigated, and all of them showed a remarkable increase in electrochemical performance relative to a bare GCE.展开更多
Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is one of the neurodegenerative diseases characterized by cognitive dysfunction and behavioral impairment.Early diagnosis of AD serves as a viable means to avoid the onset and progression of th...Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is one of the neurodegenerative diseases characterized by cognitive dysfunction and behavioral impairment.Early diagnosis of AD serves as a viable means to avoid the onset and progression of the disease.Due to the remarkably lower expression levels of AD biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluids and serum samples,sensitive and specific analytical methods are highly demanded.Surface plasmon resonance(SPR)is ultrasensitive to the refractive index or thickness change at the metal surface,which enables real-time and label-free assay of target biomolecules.In this review,we summarize the advances on assay of AD biomarkers including amyloid beta,tau protein,apoE proteins and apoE genes,and BACE1 by SPR,with emphasis on the analytical performances concerning anti-fouling and signal amplification strategies and real sample applications.展开更多
Figure 1.LDLR deficiency hinders the antitumor activity of CD8^(+)T cells.(A)Transcriptional level of genes involved in cholesterol transport in naïve CD8^(+)T cells,CTLs and CD8^(+)TILs(isolated at Day3 or Day7 ...Figure 1.LDLR deficiency hinders the antitumor activity of CD8^(+)T cells.(A)Transcriptional level of genes involved in cholesterol transport in naïve CD8^(+)T cells,CTLs and CD8^(+)TILs(isolated at Day3 or Day7 post CTLs adoptive transfer),(n=4).(B)LDLR expression level on CTLs and CD8^(+)TILs(isolated at Day3 post CTLs adoptive transfer),(n=4).展开更多
基金mostly supported through the funding provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81702866)the Key Program of the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(Grant No.LZ16H160002)+2 种基金the Zhejiang Provincial Program for the Cultivation of HighLevel Innovative Health Talentsthe Foundation of the Education Department of Zhejiang Province(Grant No.Y201636451)partially supported through funding provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81472666)。
文摘Objective:Circulating tumor cells(CTCs)play a critical role in cancer metastasis,but their prevalence and significance remain unclear.This study attempted to track the epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)status of CTCs in breast cancer patients and investigate their clinical relevance.Methods:In this study,the established negFACS-IF:E/M platform was applied to isolate rare CTCs and characterize their EMT status in breast cancer.A total of 89 breast cancer patients were recruited,including stage 0–III(n=60)and late stage(n=29)cases.Results:Using the negFACS-IF:E/M platform,it was found that in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)+patients,mesenchymal CTCs usually exhibited a high percentage of HER2+cells.Stage IV breast cancer patients had considerably more CTCs than stage 0–III patients.Among stage 0–III breast cancers,the HER2 subtype included a significantly higher percentage of mesenchymal and biphenotypic(epithelial and mesenchymal)CTCs than the luminal A or B subtypes.Among stage IV patients,CTCs were predominantly epithelial in cases with local recurrence and were more mesenchymal in cases with distant metastasis.By applying a support vector machine(SVM)algorithm,the EMT status of CTCs could distinguish between breast cancer cases with metastasis/local recurrence and those without recurrence.Conclusions:The negFACS-IF:E/M platform provides a flexible and generally acceptable method for the highly sensitive and specific detection of CTCs and their EMT traits in breast cancer.This study demonstrated that the EMT status of CTCs had high clinical relevance in breast cancer,especially in predicting the distant metastasis or local recurrence of breast cancer.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81773554 to H. Yu)the National Natural Science Foundation of China Grant for Young Scientists (81302512 to J. Bai)
文摘We sought to investigate safety of axitinib or sorafenib in renal cell carcinoma（RCC） patients and compare toxicity of these two vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitors. Databases of PubMed and Embase were searched.We included phase II and III prospective trials, as well as retrospective studies, in which patients diagnosed with RCC were treated with axitinib or sorafenib monotherapy at a starting dose of 5 mg and 400 mg twice daily, respectively.The overall incidence of high grade hypertension, fatigue, gastrointestinal toxicity and hand-foot syndrome, along with their 95% confidence intervals（CI）, were calculated using fixed-or random-effects model according to heterogeneity test results. A total of 26 trials, including 4790 patients, were included in our meta-analysis. Among them, 6 arms were related to axitinib and 22 were associated with sorafenib. The incidences of hypertension（24.9%vs. 7.9%）, fatigue（8.2% vs. 6.6%）, and gastrointestinal toxicity（17.6% vs. 11.3%） were higher in patients receiving axitinib versus those receiving sorafenib, while the incidence of hand-foot syndrome was lower in patients receiving axitinib versus those receiving sorafenib（9.5% vs. 13.3%）. In conclusion, axitinib showed noticeably higher risks of toxicity versus sorafenib. Close monitoring and effective measures for adverse events are recommended during therapy.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Number 2017YFD0401101-01)
文摘The effect of the degree of milling(DM)on the distribution of the residual bran layer on the surface of rice grains and subsequent rice quality is essential for rice milling technology.This study used scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS)to examine the microstructure of japonica rice grains,the microstructural changes in different bran portions after milling,and the content and distribution changes of the elements and nutrients in rice after milling to identify the components that can quantify bran residue according to DM.The SEM results revealed that the thickness of the bran layer and the depth of the grooves in different parts of a rice grain varied,while the depth of the grooves differed between varieties.When DM was 12%,aleurone layer(Al)cells embedded in endosperm(En)remained in the dorsal area.It was speculated that this was the reason why there was no significant difference in bran degree when the DM estimated via grain weight loss increased from 10%to 14%(P>0.05).The EDS elemental mapping image showed the qualitative distribution of the elements,which was condensed in the bran and uniform in the En.The compositional changes revealed that milling caused the loss of rice nutrients,and the loss rate of DM at 0–10%was more serious than that of DM at 10%–14%.Higher DM(>10%)could remove marginal bran from the dorsal groove.Therefore,the crude protein,ash,crude fat,dietary fiber,vitamin B1(VB1),and vitamin B2(VB2)content did not change significantly(P>0.05),while the magnesium(Mg),kalium(K),and phosphorus(P)levels decreased substantially(P<0.05).The microstructural and compositional changes indicated that the DM estimated via the grain weight loss increased from 2%to 10%,with the bran decreasing progressively.The DM estimated via the grain weight loss increased from 10%to 14%,with minimal changes in the residual bran in the dorsal grooves of the rice grains,while the Mg,P,and K levels presented precise DM indices during the rice milling process.This result will provide a theoretical reference for the accurate evaluations of DM.
基金supported by a grant from National Science Foundation of China(30971898)
文摘Spartina alterniflora,a coastal saltmarsh plant,has been classified as one of sixteen invasive alien species by the State Environmental Protection Administration of China.Nearly forty years of propagation and intru-sion of this plant has resulted in some harmful effects on the economic development of coastal areas,due to its proliferation.
文摘Metabolic regulation has been proven to play a critical role in T cell antitumor immunity.However,cholesterol metabolism as a key component of this regulation remains largely unexplored.Herein,we found that the low-density lipoprotein receptor(LDLR),which has been previously identified as a transporter for cholesterol,plays a pivotal role in regulating CD8+T cell antitumor activity.Besides the involvement of cholesterol uptake which is mediated by LDLR in T cell priming and clonal expansion,we also found a non-canonical function of LDLR in CD8+T cells:LDLR interacts with the T-cell receptor(TCR)complex and regulates TCR recycling and signaling,thus facilitating the effector function of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes(CTLs).Furthermore,we found that the tumor microenvironment(TME)downregulates CD8+T cell LDLR level and TCR signaling via tumor cell-derived proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9(PCSK9)which binds to LDLR and prevents the recycling of LDLR and TCR to the plasma membrane thus inhibits the effector function of CTLs.Moreover,genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of PCSK9 in tumor cells can enhance the antitumor activity of CD8+T cells by alleviating the suppressive effect on CD8+T cells and consequently inhibit tumor progression.While previously established as a hypercholesterolemia target,this study highlights PCSK9/LDLR as a potential target for cancer immunotherapy as well.
文摘Microbial components and the endogenous molecules released from damaged cells can stimulate germ-line-encoded pattern recognition receptors(PRRs)to transduce signals to the hub of the innate immune signaling network-the adaptor proteins MyD88/TRIF/MAVS/STING/Caspase-1,where integrated signals relay to the relevant transcription factors IRF3/IRF7/NF-κB/AP-1 and the signal transducer and activator of tran-scription 6(STAT6)to trigger the expression of typeІinterferons and inflammatory cytokines or the assem-bly of inflammasomes.Most pleiotropic cytokines are secreted and bind to specific receptors,activating the signaling pathways including JAK-STAT for the prolif-eration,differentiation and functional capacity of im-mune cells.This review focuses on several critical adaptors in innate immune signaling cascades and recent progress in their molecular mechanisms.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U1704253 and 21671057).
文摘With the increasing advance of fifth generation(5G)network and the gradual expansion of digital devices,harsh working environment for electronic devices has spawned higher requirements for microwave absorbing materials(MAMs).Since both the electromagnetic response and energy conversion character vary with temperature,to achieve temperature insensitive microwave absorption behaviour in wide temperature range has become extremely challenging.In this work,structured metacomposites containing sub-wavelength reduced graphene oxide(RGO)@carbon spheres were fabricated,and the microwave absorption was further improved through structural and composition design of the RGO@carbon units.Due to the unique anti-reflection effect on microwave of the metacomposites,the temperature-insensitive electromagnetic performance at elevated temperature could be exhibited.Moreover,both the dielectric relaxation behaviour and microwave absorption proformance of the system could be further increased.As a result,the effective absorption bandwidth(reflection loss(RL)<−10 dB)of the metacomposites with only 3.0 wt.%filler content could cover the entire X-band(8.2–12.4 GHz)frequency ranging from 298 to 473K.The metacomposite proposed in this work provides a“de-correlating”strategy to break the linkage between microwave absorption behaviour and temperature,which offers an interesting plateau for fabricating efficient high-temperature microwave absorption structures with tunable and designable advantages.
基金supported by grants from the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology(2014CB542600 and 2015CC040097)the China Natural Science Foundation(31230023,91129000 and 81621001).
文摘Caspases are a family of cysteine proteases whose functions have been scrutinized intensively in recent years.Beyond their established roles in programmed cell death and inflammatory response,some caspases are also fundamental players in antiviral immunity by fine-tuning the levels of antiviral signaling adapters and cytokines,such as type I interferons,which serves as a major,sophisticated weapon against viruses.Viral infections can result in inflammasome activation and the initiation of cell death,including apoptosis and pyroptosis,and multiple caspases are significantly involved in these processes.This review will focus on the cutting-edge discoveries regarding the multifaceted roles of caspases in antiviral innate immunity.
文摘The development of wireless sensor network ing, social networking, and wearable sensing techniques has advanced the boundaries of research on understanding so cial dynamics. Collaborative sensing, which utilizes diver sity sensing and computing abilities across different entities, has become a popular sensing and computing paradigm. In this paper, we first review the history of research in col laborative sensing, which mainly refers to single space col laborative sensing that consists of physical, cyber, and so cial collaborative sensing. Afterward, we extend this concept into crossspace collaborative sensing and propose a general reference framework to demonstrate the distinct mechanism of crossspace collaborative sensing. We also review early works in crossspace collaborative sensing, and study the de tail mechanism based on one typical research work. Finally, although crossspace collaborative sensing is a promising re search area, it ＂is still in its infancy. Thus, we identify some key research challenges with potential technical details at the end of this paper.
文摘A facile method is proposed for the synthesis of reduced graphene oxide nanosheets （RGONS） and Au nanoparticle-reduced graphene oxide nanosheet （Au-RGONS） hybrid materials, using graphene oxide （GO） as precursor and sodium citrate as reductant and stabilizer. The resulting RGONS and Au-RGONS hybrid materials were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. It was found that the RGONS and Au-RGONS hybrid materials formed stable colloidal dispersions through hydrogen bonds between the residual oxygen-containing functionalities on the surface of RGONS and the hydroxyl/carboxyl groups of sodium citrate. The electrochemical responses of RGONS and Au-RGONS hybrid material-modified glassy carbon electrodes （GCE） to three kinds of biomolecules were investigated, and all of them showed a remarkable increase in electrochemical performance relative to a bare GCE.
基金the financial support of this work by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22076221,21876208)the Central South University Innovation-Driven Research Programme(2023CXQD022)the Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Plan Project,China(2019TP1001).
文摘Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is one of the neurodegenerative diseases characterized by cognitive dysfunction and behavioral impairment.Early diagnosis of AD serves as a viable means to avoid the onset and progression of the disease.Due to the remarkably lower expression levels of AD biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluids and serum samples,sensitive and specific analytical methods are highly demanded.Surface plasmon resonance(SPR)is ultrasensitive to the refractive index or thickness change at the metal surface,which enables real-time and label-free assay of target biomolecules.In this review,we summarize the advances on assay of AD biomarkers including amyloid beta,tau protein,apoE proteins and apoE genes,and BACE1 by SPR,with emphasis on the analytical performances concerning anti-fouling and signal amplification strategies and real sample applications.
文摘Figure 1.LDLR deficiency hinders the antitumor activity of CD8^(+)T cells.(A)Transcriptional level of genes involved in cholesterol transport in naïve CD8^(+)T cells,CTLs and CD8^(+)TILs(isolated at Day3 or Day7 post CTLs adoptive transfer),(n=4).(B)LDLR expression level on CTLs and CD8^(+)TILs(isolated at Day3 post CTLs adoptive transfer),(n=4).
