Ilexonin A is a compound isolated from the root of Ilex pubescens,a traditional Chinese medicine.Ilexonin A has been shown to play a neuroprotective role by regulating the activation of astrocytes and microglia in the...Ilexonin A is a compound isolated from the root of Ilex pubescens,a traditional Chinese medicine.Ilexonin A has been shown to play a neuroprotective role by regulating the activation of astrocytes and microglia in the peri-infarct area after ischemia.However,the effects of ilexonin A on astrocytes and microglia in the infarct-free region of the hippocampal CA1 region remain unclear.Focal cerebral ischemia models were established by 2-hour occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in rats.Ilexonin A(20,40 or 80 mg/kg)was administered immediately after ischemia/reperfusion.The astrocyte marker glial fibrillary acidic protein,microglia marker Iba-1,neural stem cell marker nestin and inflammation markers were detected by immunohistochemistry and western blot assay.Expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-αand interleukin 1βwere determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in the hippocampal CA1 tissue.Astrocytes were activated immediately in progressively increasing numbers from 1,3,to 7 days post-ischemia/reperfusion.The number of activated astrocytes further increased in the hippocampal CA1 region after treatment with ilexonin A.Microglial cells remained quiescent after ischemia/reperfusion,but became activated after treatment with ilexonin A.Ilexonin A enhanced nestin expression and reduced the expression of tumor necrosis factor-αand interleukin 1βin the hippocampus post-ischemia/reperfusion.The results of the present study suggest that ilexonin A has a neuroprotective effect in the hippocampus after ischemia/reperfusion,probably through regulating astrocytes and microglia activation,promoting neuronal stem cell proliferation and reducing the levels of pro-inflammatory factors.This study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of the Fujian Medical University Union Hospital,China.展开更多
Green stem photosynthesis is well known,but the effect of stem photosynthesis on plant growth and development remains uncertain.In this study,green stems of semiannual Rosa chinensis were subjected to a shading treatm...Green stem photosynthesis is well known,but the effect of stem photosynthesis on plant growth and development remains uncertain.In this study,green stems of semiannual Rosa chinensis were subjected to a shading treatment to explore the effect of stem photosynthesis on the growth and biomass accumulation.The results showed that(1)Stem photosynthesis affected biomass accumulation and allocation in R.chinensis.The stem shading treatment decreased the biomass of R.chinensis by approximately 18.7%.The proportion of biomass allocated to the stems increased while the proportion of biomass allocated to the leaves and roots decreased.(2)Stem photosynthesis facilitates an increase in nonstructural carbohydrate concentration,chlorophyll a concentration and chlorophyll a/b of R.chinensis.(3)The net photosynthesis in the stems of R.chinensis was negative,and biomass accumulation was significantly positively correlated with the dark respiration rate in stems,indicating that stem photosynthesis fixed CO_(2)released internally by respiration.This study reveals that stem photosynthesis in R.chinensis enhances biomass accumulation by promoting chlorophyll fluorescence and dark respiration rates in the stems.Furthermore,stem photosynthesis contributes to the balanced allocation of biomass by enhancing the proportional distribution of biomass to leaves and roots.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China,No.2014J01327the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in Colleges and Universities of Fujian Province of China,No.NCETFJ-0704the Professorial Academic Development Foundation of Fujian Medical University of China,No.JS09014(all to GYZ)
文摘Ilexonin A is a compound isolated from the root of Ilex pubescens,a traditional Chinese medicine.Ilexonin A has been shown to play a neuroprotective role by regulating the activation of astrocytes and microglia in the peri-infarct area after ischemia.However,the effects of ilexonin A on astrocytes and microglia in the infarct-free region of the hippocampal CA1 region remain unclear.Focal cerebral ischemia models were established by 2-hour occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in rats.Ilexonin A(20,40 or 80 mg/kg)was administered immediately after ischemia/reperfusion.The astrocyte marker glial fibrillary acidic protein,microglia marker Iba-1,neural stem cell marker nestin and inflammation markers were detected by immunohistochemistry and western blot assay.Expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-αand interleukin 1βwere determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in the hippocampal CA1 tissue.Astrocytes were activated immediately in progressively increasing numbers from 1,3,to 7 days post-ischemia/reperfusion.The number of activated astrocytes further increased in the hippocampal CA1 region after treatment with ilexonin A.Microglial cells remained quiescent after ischemia/reperfusion,but became activated after treatment with ilexonin A.Ilexonin A enhanced nestin expression and reduced the expression of tumor necrosis factor-αand interleukin 1βin the hippocampus post-ischemia/reperfusion.The results of the present study suggest that ilexonin A has a neuroprotective effect in the hippocampus after ischemia/reperfusion,probably through regulating astrocytes and microglia activation,promoting neuronal stem cell proliferation and reducing the levels of pro-inflammatory factors.This study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of the Fujian Medical University Union Hospital,China.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32271668)the National Key R6DProgram of China(2022YFF0802304).
文摘Green stem photosynthesis is well known,but the effect of stem photosynthesis on plant growth and development remains uncertain.In this study,green stems of semiannual Rosa chinensis were subjected to a shading treatment to explore the effect of stem photosynthesis on the growth and biomass accumulation.The results showed that(1)Stem photosynthesis affected biomass accumulation and allocation in R.chinensis.The stem shading treatment decreased the biomass of R.chinensis by approximately 18.7%.The proportion of biomass allocated to the stems increased while the proportion of biomass allocated to the leaves and roots decreased.(2)Stem photosynthesis facilitates an increase in nonstructural carbohydrate concentration,chlorophyll a concentration and chlorophyll a/b of R.chinensis.(3)The net photosynthesis in the stems of R.chinensis was negative,and biomass accumulation was significantly positively correlated with the dark respiration rate in stems,indicating that stem photosynthesis fixed CO_(2)released internally by respiration.This study reveals that stem photosynthesis in R.chinensis enhances biomass accumulation by promoting chlorophyll fluorescence and dark respiration rates in the stems.Furthermore,stem photosynthesis contributes to the balanced allocation of biomass by enhancing the proportional distribution of biomass to leaves and roots.
