This study investigates the gate leakage mechanisms of AlN/GaN metal–insulator–semiconductor high-electronmobility transistors(MIS-HEMTs)fabricated on silicon substrate with Al_(2)O_(3)/SiN as stacked gate dielectri...This study investigates the gate leakage mechanisms of AlN/GaN metal–insulator–semiconductor high-electronmobility transistors(MIS-HEMTs)fabricated on silicon substrate with Al_(2)O_(3)/SiN as stacked gate dielectrics,analyzing behaviors across high and low temperature conditions.In the high-temperature reverse bias region(T>275 K,V_(G)<0 V),Poole–Frenkel emission(PFE)dominates at low electric fields,while trap-assisted tunneling(TAT)is the primary mechanism at medium to high electric fields.The shift from PFE to TAT as the dominant conduction mechanism is due to the increased tunneling effect of electrons as the electric field strength rises.Additionally,TAT is found to be the main gate leakage mechanism under low-temperature reverse bias(T<275 K,V_(G)<0 V).At lower temperatures,the reduction in electron energy causes the emission process to rely more on electric field forces.Furthermore,under forward bias conditions at both high and low temperatures(225 K<T<375 K,V_(G)>0 V),conduction is primarily dominated by defect-assisted tunneling(DAT).展开更多
Background:During the clinical use of Jiangtangjing granules,we have found that they improve glucose metabolism and relieve symptoms in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.We aimed to further investigate the hypogl...Background:During the clinical use of Jiangtangjing granules,we have found that they improve glucose metabolism and relieve symptoms in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.We aimed to further investigate the hypoglycemic effects of Jiangtangjing granules and the mechanisms involved.Methods:Type 2 diabetes mellitus was induced in rats by high-fat diet feeding and streptozotocin injection.The rats were then orally administered Linagliptin(3 mg/kg)or Jiangtangjing granules(13 g crude preparation/kg)for 4 weeks.The therapeutic effects of Jiangtangjing granules on glucose metabolism were then investigated.The serum glucagon-like peptide-1,insulin and glycosylated hemoglobin concentrations were measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Immunohistochemistry and quantificational real-time polymerase chain reaction were performed to quantify glucagon-like peptide-1 protein expression and cAMP,protein kinase A,and Epac1 mRNA expression,respectively.In addition,amplicon sequencing of bacterial 16s rDNA genes in rat feces was also performed to analyze the richness and diversity of the intestinal microbiota and to determine the relative abundances of the dominant bacterial phyla in the intestinal contents of the rats.Results:Jiangtangjing reduced fasting blood glucose concentration(P<0.05)and blood glucose concentrations during oral glucose tolerance testing(P<0.01),increased serum glucagon-like peptide-1 concentration after glucose administration(P<0.05)and improved glucose tolerance(P<0.05).It also increased glucagon-like peptide-1 protein expression(P<0.05)and the mRNA expression of cAMP(P<0.05),PKA(P<0.05),and Epac1(P<0.05)in the jejunum.Jiangtangjing also affected the composition of the intestinal microbiota in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Specifically,it increased the relative abundance of Bacteroides and reduced that of Actinobacteria.Conclusion:Jiangtangjing granules have anti-diabetic effects,increasing circulating insulin concentration and glucose tolerance.These effects may be mediated by increases in glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion via upregulation of the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway in the jejunum and alterations in the composition of the intestinal microbiota.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the effect of respiratory muscle training combined with conventional rehabilitation therapy on trunk control, balance ability and activities of daily living in stroke patients. Methods: Sixty...Objective: To investigate the effect of respiratory muscle training combined with conventional rehabilitation therapy on trunk control, balance ability and activities of daily living in stroke patients. Methods: Sixty stroke patients were divided into control group and experimental group by random number table, 30 each, and received conventional rehabilitation therapy. Moreover, the experimental group underwent respiratory muscle training (RMT), for four weeks. In each patient, maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) was measured for the inspiratory muscle strength. Maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) was measured for the expiratory muscle strength. The trunk control was measured using the Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS). The Berg balance scale (BBS) was used to assess the balance function. The modified Barthel index (MBI) was used to evaluate activities of daily living. Results: There were no significant differences in MIP, MEP, TIS, BBS and MBI between the two groups before treatment. The MIP, MEP, TIS, BBS and MBI functions of the control group and the experimental group were improved after treatment, And the functional improvement of the above indicators in the experimental group after treatment was significantly higher than that of the control group. Conclusion: This study proved that RMT improved respiratory muscle strength, trunk control, balance function, and ADL in stroke patients.展开更多
The microstructure,corrosion and cavitation erosion(CE)behaviors of the as-cast and four different heat treated nickel aluminum bronzes(NABs)in 3.5 wt.%NaCl solution were investigated.The results show that after annea...The microstructure,corrosion and cavitation erosion(CE)behaviors of the as-cast and four different heat treated nickel aluminum bronzes(NABs)in 3.5 wt.%NaCl solution were investigated.The results show that after annealing,β′transformed into the eutectoid microstructure,and moreκIV precipitated fromα.Less eutectoid microstructure and moreβ′were obtained after normalizing.The quenched NAB mainly consisted ofαandβ′phases,and fine,acicularαandκphases precipitated insideβ′after subsequent aging.The largest proportion of the eutectoid microstructure,which underwent severe selective phase corrosion,was responsible for the lowest corrosion resistance of the annealed NAB.The quenched NAB possessed the most protective film and hence the highest corrosion resistance.The mechanical attack was primarily responsible for the CE damage for the as-cast,annealed and normarlized NABs.The quenched and quenched+aged NABs exhibited superior CE resistance because of the high hardness.The CE−corrosion synergy dominantly caused CE degradation,and it was largely attributed to corrosion-enhanced-CE.展开更多
Owing to their exceptional piezoelectric effects,piezoelectric materials play a crucial role in high-end technologies and contribute significantly to the national economy.Bismuth layer-structured ferroelectrics(BLSFs)...Owing to their exceptional piezoelectric effects,piezoelectric materials play a crucial role in high-end technologies and contribute significantly to the national economy.Bismuth layer-structured ferroelectrics(BLSFs)possess high Curie temperatures,making them a focal point of research in high-temperature piezoelectric sensor devices.However,their poor piezoelectric performance and low direct-current(DC)electrical resistivity hinder their effective deployment in high-temperature applications.To overcome these shortcomings,we employed composition optimization by partially substituting bismuth ions with rare-earth praseodymium ions.This approach enhances the piezoelectric performance and improves the DC electrical resistivity by preventing the loss of volatile bismuth ions and stabilizing the bismuth oxide layer(Bi_(2)O_(2))2+,thereby reducing the concentration of oxygen vacancies.Consequently,we achieved a large piezoelectric constant d33 of 23.5 pC/N in praseodymium-substituted Bi5Ti3FeO15,which is three times higher than that of pure Bi5Ti3FeO15(7.1 pC/N),along with a high Curie temperature TC of 778℃.Additionally,the optimal composition of 4 mol%praseodymium-substituted Bi5Ti3FeO15 exhibits good thermal stability of electromechanical coupling characteristics up to 300℃.This study holds promise for a wide array of high-temperature piezoelectric applications and has the potential to accelerate the development of hightemperature piezoelectric sensor technologies.展开更多
Electron-positron colliders operating in the GeV center-of-mass range,or tau-charm energy region,have been proved to enable competitive frontier research due to several unique features.With the progress of high-energy...Electron-positron colliders operating in the GeV center-of-mass range,or tau-charm energy region,have been proved to enable competitive frontier research due to several unique features.With the progress of high-energy physics in the last two decades,a new-generation Tau-Charm factory,called the Super Tau-Charm Facility(STCF),has been actively promoted by the particle physics community in China.STCF has the potential to address fundamental questions such as the essence of color confinement and the matter-antimatter asymmetry within the next decades.The main design goals of the STCF are a center-of-mass energy ranging from 2 to 7 GeV and a luminosity surpassing 5×10^(34)cm^(−2)s^(−1)that is optimized at a center-of-mass energy of 4 GeV,which is approximately 50 times that of the currently operating Tau-Charm factory-BEPCII.The STCF accelerator has two main parts:a double-ring collider with a crab-waist collision scheme and an injector that provides top-up injections for both electron and positron beams.As a typical third-generation electron-positron circular collider,the STCF accelerator faces many challenges in both accelerator physics and technology.In this paper,the conceptual design of the STCF accelerator complex is presented,including the ongoing efforts and plans for technological research and develop-ment,as well as the required infrastructure.The STCF project aims to secure support from the Chinese central government for its construction during the 15th Five-Year Plan(2026-2030).展开更多
Objective:"Same treatment for different diseases"is a unique treatment strategy in traditional Chinese medicine.Two kinds of malignant respiratory diseases endanger human health-chronic obstructive pulmonary...Objective:"Same treatment for different diseases"is a unique treatment strategy in traditional Chinese medicine.Two kinds of malignant respiratory diseases endanger human health-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)and lung cancer.Citrus Grandis Exocarpium(Huajuhong in Chinese,HJH),a famous herbal,is always applied by Chinese medicine practitioners to dispersion the lung to resolve phlegm based on"syndrome differentiation and treatment"theory.However,the common mechanism for HJH’s treatment of COPD and lung cancer is not clear.Methods:In this study,based on network pharmacology and molecular docking technology,the common mechanism of HJH in the treatment of COPD and lung cancer was studied.The active ingredients and related targets of HJH were integrated from TCMSP,BATMAN-TAM,STP,and Pubchem databases.The standard names of these targets were united by Uni Prot database.Targets of COPD and lung cancer were enriched through Gene Cards,NCBI(Gene),Therapeutic Target Database,and Dis Ge NET(v7.0)databases.Then the intersection targets of HJH and diseases were obtained.The STRING network and the Cytoscape 3.7.2 were used to construct PPI network,the DAVID database was used to perform GO and KEGG analysis.Then Cytoscape 3.6.1 was used to build"ingredient-target-signal pathway"network.Finally,Auto Dock 1.5.6 software was used to perform molecular docking of key proteins and molecules.Results:Eleven active ingredients in HJH were obtained by searching the database,corresponding to 184 HJH-COPD-lung cancer targets intersection.The results of biological network analysis showed that naringenin,the active component in HJH,could mainly act on target proteins such as AKT1,EGFR.Then through positive regulation of vasoconstriction and other biological processes,naringenin could regulate estrogen signaling pathway,VEGF signaling pathway,HIF-1 signaling pathway,Erb B signaling pathway,PI3K-Akt signaling pathway to play an important role in the treatment of both COPD and lung cancer.Conclusion:Network pharmacology was employed to systematically investigate the active ingredients and targets of HJH in treatment of COPD and lung cancer.And then,the common pharmacodynamic network of HJH for the two malignant respiratory diseases was firstly described.Furthermore,naringenin was proved to strongly bind with AKT1 and EGFR.It may provide the scientific basis for understanding the"Same treatment for different diseases"strategy in traditional Chinese medicine and inspirit subsequent drug discovery for COPD,lung cancer and other malignant lung diseases.展开更多
Objective:Our aim was to investigate the correlation between free fatty acid(FFA) spectrum, blood stasis(BS) score, and macroangiopathy in type 2 diabetic patients with or without BS, as well as the possible relations...Objective:Our aim was to investigate the correlation between free fatty acid(FFA) spectrum, blood stasis(BS) score, and macroangiopathy in type 2 diabetic patients with or without BS, as well as the possible relationship between BS and lipotoxicity. Methods: A total of 50 type 2 diabetes(T2D) patients with or without BS were enrolled from June to December 2014 in Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) Hospital, with 25 patients allocated to each of two groups. Basic information, BS score, blood glucose, blood lipids, etc., were measured for each patient. In addition, we tested the levels of interleukin(IL)?6, tumor necrosis factor α(TNF?α), and IL?18 with enzyme?linked immunosorbent assay. The macroangiopathy status of patients in the two groups was examined by color ultrasound and all factors related to BS scores were analyzed. Gas chromatography?mass spectrometry was used to explore the difference in the serum FFA spectra between the two different groups. In addition, the relationship between FFA spectra, BS scores, and macroangiopathy was analyzed. Results: BS scores, total cholesterol(TC), total triglyceride(TG), low?density lipoprotein cholesterol, IL?6, TNF?α, IL?18, carotid and femoral artery plaque, carotid intima?media thickness, carotid plaque area, and femoral artery plaque area were all significantly increased in T2D patients with BS syndrome(P < 0.05). A positive correlation was observed between age, duration of diabetes, carotid intima?media thickness, carotid plaque area, femoral artery plaque area, and BS score(P < 0.05). A total of 21 fatty acids were found in the serum, and total FFA(TFFA), saturated fatty acid(SFA), lauric acid(C12:0), palmitic acid(16:0), stearic acid(C18:0), arachidonic acid(C20:4n6), behenic acid(C22:0), and lignoceric acid(C24:0) scores were all found to contribute to the difference between FFA spectrums of the two groups; of the fatty acids, C12:0, C16:0, C18:0, C22:0, TFFA, and SFA positively correlated with BS scores as evaluated by Pearson's or Spearman's correlation analysis(P < 0.05). Only SFA entered the regression equation in the multiple linear regression analysis. C12:0, C16:0, C18:0, C20:4n6, TFFA, and SFA were positively correlated with carotid plaque area, whereas linoleic acid(C18:3n3), Cis?5, 8, 11, 14, and 17?eicosapentaenoic acids(C20:5n3) were negatively correlated(P < 0.05). C16:0 was positively correlated with the femoral artery plaque area and C18:3n3, cis?4, 7, 10, 13, 16, and 19?docosahexaenoic acids(C22:6) and nervonic acid were negatively correlated(P < 0.05). Conclusion: Serum FFA spectra were significantly different between T2D patients with BS and those without, and long?chain SFA made the greatest contribution. Serum FFA spectra were correlated with BS scores and diabetic macroangiopathy, which means that lipotoxicity and BS are correlated in T2D.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62188102,62174125,and 62131014).
文摘This study investigates the gate leakage mechanisms of AlN/GaN metal–insulator–semiconductor high-electronmobility transistors(MIS-HEMTs)fabricated on silicon substrate with Al_(2)O_(3)/SiN as stacked gate dielectrics,analyzing behaviors across high and low temperature conditions.In the high-temperature reverse bias region(T>275 K,V_(G)<0 V),Poole–Frenkel emission(PFE)dominates at low electric fields,while trap-assisted tunneling(TAT)is the primary mechanism at medium to high electric fields.The shift from PFE to TAT as the dominant conduction mechanism is due to the increased tunneling effect of electrons as the electric field strength rises.Additionally,TAT is found to be the main gate leakage mechanism under low-temperature reverse bias(T<275 K,V_(G)<0 V).At lower temperatures,the reduction in electron energy causes the emission process to rely more on electric field forces.Furthermore,under forward bias conditions at both high and low temperatures(225 K<T<375 K,V_(G)>0 V),conduction is primarily dominated by defect-assisted tunneling(DAT).
基金supported by the Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Nantong Science and Technology(No.MSZ18013).
文摘Background:During the clinical use of Jiangtangjing granules,we have found that they improve glucose metabolism and relieve symptoms in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.We aimed to further investigate the hypoglycemic effects of Jiangtangjing granules and the mechanisms involved.Methods:Type 2 diabetes mellitus was induced in rats by high-fat diet feeding and streptozotocin injection.The rats were then orally administered Linagliptin(3 mg/kg)or Jiangtangjing granules(13 g crude preparation/kg)for 4 weeks.The therapeutic effects of Jiangtangjing granules on glucose metabolism were then investigated.The serum glucagon-like peptide-1,insulin and glycosylated hemoglobin concentrations were measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Immunohistochemistry and quantificational real-time polymerase chain reaction were performed to quantify glucagon-like peptide-1 protein expression and cAMP,protein kinase A,and Epac1 mRNA expression,respectively.In addition,amplicon sequencing of bacterial 16s rDNA genes in rat feces was also performed to analyze the richness and diversity of the intestinal microbiota and to determine the relative abundances of the dominant bacterial phyla in the intestinal contents of the rats.Results:Jiangtangjing reduced fasting blood glucose concentration(P<0.05)and blood glucose concentrations during oral glucose tolerance testing(P<0.01),increased serum glucagon-like peptide-1 concentration after glucose administration(P<0.05)and improved glucose tolerance(P<0.05).It also increased glucagon-like peptide-1 protein expression(P<0.05)and the mRNA expression of cAMP(P<0.05),PKA(P<0.05),and Epac1(P<0.05)in the jejunum.Jiangtangjing also affected the composition of the intestinal microbiota in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Specifically,it increased the relative abundance of Bacteroides and reduced that of Actinobacteria.Conclusion:Jiangtangjing granules have anti-diabetic effects,increasing circulating insulin concentration and glucose tolerance.These effects may be mediated by increases in glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion via upregulation of the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway in the jejunum and alterations in the composition of the intestinal microbiota.
文摘Objective: To investigate the effect of respiratory muscle training combined with conventional rehabilitation therapy on trunk control, balance ability and activities of daily living in stroke patients. Methods: Sixty stroke patients were divided into control group and experimental group by random number table, 30 each, and received conventional rehabilitation therapy. Moreover, the experimental group underwent respiratory muscle training (RMT), for four weeks. In each patient, maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) was measured for the inspiratory muscle strength. Maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) was measured for the expiratory muscle strength. The trunk control was measured using the Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS). The Berg balance scale (BBS) was used to assess the balance function. The modified Barthel index (MBI) was used to evaluate activities of daily living. Results: There were no significant differences in MIP, MEP, TIS, BBS and MBI between the two groups before treatment. The MIP, MEP, TIS, BBS and MBI functions of the control group and the experimental group were improved after treatment, And the functional improvement of the above indicators in the experimental group after treatment was significantly higher than that of the control group. Conclusion: This study proved that RMT improved respiratory muscle strength, trunk control, balance function, and ADL in stroke patients.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(No.BK20191161)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(No.B210202129)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51601058,51879089)Changzhou Sci&Tech Program,China(No.CJ20210154)Postgraduate Research and Innovation Project of Jiangsu Province,China(No.KYCX22_0599)。
基金financially supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (Nos. B210203049, B210204005)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China (No. BK20191161)+1 种基金the Changzhou Sci & Tech Program, China (No. CJ20210154)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51601058, 51879089)
文摘The microstructure,corrosion and cavitation erosion(CE)behaviors of the as-cast and four different heat treated nickel aluminum bronzes(NABs)in 3.5 wt.%NaCl solution were investigated.The results show that after annealing,β′transformed into the eutectoid microstructure,and moreκIV precipitated fromα.Less eutectoid microstructure and moreβ′were obtained after normalizing.The quenched NAB mainly consisted ofαandβ′phases,and fine,acicularαandκphases precipitated insideβ′after subsequent aging.The largest proportion of the eutectoid microstructure,which underwent severe selective phase corrosion,was responsible for the lowest corrosion resistance of the annealed NAB.The quenched NAB possessed the most protective film and hence the highest corrosion resistance.The mechanical attack was primarily responsible for the CE damage for the as-cast,annealed and normarlized NABs.The quenched and quenched+aged NABs exhibited superior CE resistance because of the high hardness.The CE−corrosion synergy dominantly caused CE degradation,and it was largely attributed to corrosion-enhanced-CE.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52372115)the Opening Project of Key Laboratory of Inorganic Functional Materials and Devices,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.KLIFMD202309)Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities.Dr.Q.W.also acknowledges financial support from the State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials,Shandong University(Grant No.KF2308).
文摘Owing to their exceptional piezoelectric effects,piezoelectric materials play a crucial role in high-end technologies and contribute significantly to the national economy.Bismuth layer-structured ferroelectrics(BLSFs)possess high Curie temperatures,making them a focal point of research in high-temperature piezoelectric sensor devices.However,their poor piezoelectric performance and low direct-current(DC)electrical resistivity hinder their effective deployment in high-temperature applications.To overcome these shortcomings,we employed composition optimization by partially substituting bismuth ions with rare-earth praseodymium ions.This approach enhances the piezoelectric performance and improves the DC electrical resistivity by preventing the loss of volatile bismuth ions and stabilizing the bismuth oxide layer(Bi_(2)O_(2))2+,thereby reducing the concentration of oxygen vacancies.Consequently,we achieved a large piezoelectric constant d33 of 23.5 pC/N in praseodymium-substituted Bi5Ti3FeO15,which is three times higher than that of pure Bi5Ti3FeO15(7.1 pC/N),along with a high Curie temperature TC of 778℃.Additionally,the optimal composition of 4 mol%praseodymium-substituted Bi5Ti3FeO15 exhibits good thermal stability of electromechanical coupling characteristics up to 300℃.This study holds promise for a wide array of high-temperature piezoelectric applications and has the potential to accelerate the development of hightemperature piezoelectric sensor technologies.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFA1602200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12341501 and 12405174)the Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center for the strong support on the STCF key technology research project.
文摘Electron-positron colliders operating in the GeV center-of-mass range,or tau-charm energy region,have been proved to enable competitive frontier research due to several unique features.With the progress of high-energy physics in the last two decades,a new-generation Tau-Charm factory,called the Super Tau-Charm Facility(STCF),has been actively promoted by the particle physics community in China.STCF has the potential to address fundamental questions such as the essence of color confinement and the matter-antimatter asymmetry within the next decades.The main design goals of the STCF are a center-of-mass energy ranging from 2 to 7 GeV and a luminosity surpassing 5×10^(34)cm^(−2)s^(−1)that is optimized at a center-of-mass energy of 4 GeV,which is approximately 50 times that of the currently operating Tau-Charm factory-BEPCII.The STCF accelerator has two main parts:a double-ring collider with a crab-waist collision scheme and an injector that provides top-up injections for both electron and positron beams.As a typical third-generation electron-positron circular collider,the STCF accelerator faces many challenges in both accelerator physics and technology.In this paper,the conceptual design of the STCF accelerator complex is presented,including the ongoing efforts and plans for technological research and develop-ment,as well as the required infrastructure.The STCF project aims to secure support from the Chinese central government for its construction during the 15th Five-Year Plan(2026-2030).
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFC1706300 and 2018YFC17063005)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Gansu Province (20JR10RA586)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (lzujbky-2021-kb40)the Project for Longyuan Youth Innovation and Entrepreneurship Talentthe Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province of China (2019B090905002)
文摘Objective:"Same treatment for different diseases"is a unique treatment strategy in traditional Chinese medicine.Two kinds of malignant respiratory diseases endanger human health-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)and lung cancer.Citrus Grandis Exocarpium(Huajuhong in Chinese,HJH),a famous herbal,is always applied by Chinese medicine practitioners to dispersion the lung to resolve phlegm based on"syndrome differentiation and treatment"theory.However,the common mechanism for HJH’s treatment of COPD and lung cancer is not clear.Methods:In this study,based on network pharmacology and molecular docking technology,the common mechanism of HJH in the treatment of COPD and lung cancer was studied.The active ingredients and related targets of HJH were integrated from TCMSP,BATMAN-TAM,STP,and Pubchem databases.The standard names of these targets were united by Uni Prot database.Targets of COPD and lung cancer were enriched through Gene Cards,NCBI(Gene),Therapeutic Target Database,and Dis Ge NET(v7.0)databases.Then the intersection targets of HJH and diseases were obtained.The STRING network and the Cytoscape 3.7.2 were used to construct PPI network,the DAVID database was used to perform GO and KEGG analysis.Then Cytoscape 3.6.1 was used to build"ingredient-target-signal pathway"network.Finally,Auto Dock 1.5.6 software was used to perform molecular docking of key proteins and molecules.Results:Eleven active ingredients in HJH were obtained by searching the database,corresponding to 184 HJH-COPD-lung cancer targets intersection.The results of biological network analysis showed that naringenin,the active component in HJH,could mainly act on target proteins such as AKT1,EGFR.Then through positive regulation of vasoconstriction and other biological processes,naringenin could regulate estrogen signaling pathway,VEGF signaling pathway,HIF-1 signaling pathway,Erb B signaling pathway,PI3K-Akt signaling pathway to play an important role in the treatment of both COPD and lung cancer.Conclusion:Network pharmacology was employed to systematically investigate the active ingredients and targets of HJH in treatment of COPD and lung cancer.And then,the common pharmacodynamic network of HJH for the two malignant respiratory diseases was firstly described.Furthermore,naringenin was proved to strongly bind with AKT1 and EGFR.It may provide the scientific basis for understanding the"Same treatment for different diseases"strategy in traditional Chinese medicine and inspirit subsequent drug discovery for COPD,lung cancer and other malignant lung diseases.
基金Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81173253)Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen(No.SZSM201512043)supported the study
文摘Objective:Our aim was to investigate the correlation between free fatty acid(FFA) spectrum, blood stasis(BS) score, and macroangiopathy in type 2 diabetic patients with or without BS, as well as the possible relationship between BS and lipotoxicity. Methods: A total of 50 type 2 diabetes(T2D) patients with or without BS were enrolled from June to December 2014 in Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) Hospital, with 25 patients allocated to each of two groups. Basic information, BS score, blood glucose, blood lipids, etc., were measured for each patient. In addition, we tested the levels of interleukin(IL)?6, tumor necrosis factor α(TNF?α), and IL?18 with enzyme?linked immunosorbent assay. The macroangiopathy status of patients in the two groups was examined by color ultrasound and all factors related to BS scores were analyzed. Gas chromatography?mass spectrometry was used to explore the difference in the serum FFA spectra between the two different groups. In addition, the relationship between FFA spectra, BS scores, and macroangiopathy was analyzed. Results: BS scores, total cholesterol(TC), total triglyceride(TG), low?density lipoprotein cholesterol, IL?6, TNF?α, IL?18, carotid and femoral artery plaque, carotid intima?media thickness, carotid plaque area, and femoral artery plaque area were all significantly increased in T2D patients with BS syndrome(P < 0.05). A positive correlation was observed between age, duration of diabetes, carotid intima?media thickness, carotid plaque area, femoral artery plaque area, and BS score(P < 0.05). A total of 21 fatty acids were found in the serum, and total FFA(TFFA), saturated fatty acid(SFA), lauric acid(C12:0), palmitic acid(16:0), stearic acid(C18:0), arachidonic acid(C20:4n6), behenic acid(C22:0), and lignoceric acid(C24:0) scores were all found to contribute to the difference between FFA spectrums of the two groups; of the fatty acids, C12:0, C16:0, C18:0, C22:0, TFFA, and SFA positively correlated with BS scores as evaluated by Pearson's or Spearman's correlation analysis(P < 0.05). Only SFA entered the regression equation in the multiple linear regression analysis. C12:0, C16:0, C18:0, C20:4n6, TFFA, and SFA were positively correlated with carotid plaque area, whereas linoleic acid(C18:3n3), Cis?5, 8, 11, 14, and 17?eicosapentaenoic acids(C20:5n3) were negatively correlated(P < 0.05). C16:0 was positively correlated with the femoral artery plaque area and C18:3n3, cis?4, 7, 10, 13, 16, and 19?docosahexaenoic acids(C22:6) and nervonic acid were negatively correlated(P < 0.05). Conclusion: Serum FFA spectra were significantly different between T2D patients with BS and those without, and long?chain SFA made the greatest contribution. Serum FFA spectra were correlated with BS scores and diabetic macroangiopathy, which means that lipotoxicity and BS are correlated in T2D.
