BACKGROUND A dual therapy regimen containing amoxicillin is a common treatment option for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori).While substantial research supports the efficacy and safety of vonoprazan and ...BACKGROUND A dual therapy regimen containing amoxicillin is a common treatment option for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori).While substantial research supports the efficacy and safety of vonoprazan and amoxicillin(VA)dual therapy in the general population,there is still a lack of studies specifically focusing on its safety in elderly patients.AIM To evaluate efficacy and safety of VA dual therapy as first-line or rescue treatment for H.pylori in elderly patients.METHODS As a real-world retrospective study,data were collected from elderly patients aged 60 years and above who accepted VA dual therapy(vonoprazan 20 mg twice daily+amoxicillin 1000 mg thrice daily for 14 days)for H.pylori eradication in the Department of Gastroenterology at Peking University First Hospital between June 2020 and January 2024.H.pylori status was evaluated by^(13)C-urease breath test 6 weeks after treatment.All adverse events(AEs)during treatment were recorded.RESULTS In total,401 cases were screened.Twenty-one cases were excluded due to loss to follow-up,lack of re-examination,or unwillingness to take medication.The total of 380 included cases comprised 250 who received VA dual therapy as first-line treatment and 130 who received VA dual therapy as rescue treatment.H.pylori was successfully eradicated in 239 cases(95.6%)in the first-line treatment group and 116 cases(89.2%)in the rescue treatment group.The overall incidence of AEs was 9.5%for both groups.Specifically,9.2%of patients experienced an AE in the first-line treatment group and 10.0%in the rescue treatment group.Five patients discontinued treatment due to AE,with a discontinuation rate of 1.3%.No serious AE occurred.CONCLUSION The VA dual therapy regimen as a first-line treatment and a rescue therapy was effective and safe for elderly patients aged 60 and older.展开更多
Background:Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide.This study aims to explore the impact of national volume-based procurement(NVBP)on Chinese patent medicines and provide ev...Background:Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide.This study aims to explore the impact of national volume-based procurement(NVBP)on Chinese patent medicines and provide evidence for improving policies and promoting rational drug use.Methods:The study was based on data from the China National Health Insurance Agency that spanned January 2019 to December 2020.Descriptive analysis was conducted using volume and expenditure as variables.Interrupted time series analysis was applied to further analyze Chinese patent medicines.Results:The unit prices of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin decreased by 25%-96%,whereas the prices of Zhibitai and Xuezhikang fluctuated slightly.The affordability is measured as the monthly expenditure on treatment divided by the daily wage.After policy implementation,the affordability of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin improved from 0.242 to 0.014 and from 0.247 to 0.019,respectively.The defined daily doses(DDDs)for atorvastatin and rosuvastatin also increased,whereas total expenditures decreased in hospitals of all levels.Both at the national level and at all levels of hospital,the policy had no significant impact on expenditures for Zhibitai and Xuezhikang and their defined daily doses.Conclusions:The NVBP saved costs in the short term by incorporating high-quality,widely used lipid-lowering drugs.Notably,the policy impacted lipid-lowering chemical drugs,whereas Chinese patent medicines remained largely unaffected.Doctors'use of Chinese patent medicines did not decline,highlighting the clinical specificity of these medicines.展开更多
Drug-induced liver injury(DILI) has become a major topic in the field of Hepatology and Gastroenterology. DILI can be clinically divided into three phenotypes: hepatocytic, cholestatic and mixed. Although the clinical...Drug-induced liver injury(DILI) has become a major topic in the field of Hepatology and Gastroenterology. DILI can be clinically divided into three phenotypes: hepatocytic, cholestatic and mixed. Although the clinical manifestations of DILI are variable and the pathogenesis complicated, recent insights using improved preclinical models, have allowed a better understanding of the mechanisms that trigger liver damage. In this review, we will discuss the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying DILI. The toxicity of the drug eventually induces hepatocellular damage through multiple molecular pathways, including direct hepatic toxicity and innate and adaptive immune responses. Drugs or their metabolites, such as the common analgesic, acetaminophen, can cause direct hepatic toxicity through accumulation of reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial dysfunction. The innate and adaptive immune responses play also a very important role in the occurrence of idiosyncratic DILI. Furthermore, we examine common forms of hepatocyte death and their association with the activation of specific signaling pathways.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the bactericidal effects of Chenopodium ambrosioides L.(CAL) against Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori) both in vitro and in vivo.METHODS: For in vitro experiments, the inhibitory activity of CAL was te...AIM: To investigate the bactericidal effects of Chenopodium ambrosioides L.(CAL) against Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori) both in vitro and in vivo.METHODS: For in vitro experiments, the inhibitory activity of CAL was tested using an agar dilution method; H.pylori strain NCTC11637 was incubated on Columbia blood agar plates containing serial concentrations of CAL.The minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) was determined by the absence of H.pylori colonies on the agar plate.Time-kill curves were used to evaluate bactericidal activity; the average number of colonies was calculated at 0, 2, 8 and 24 h after liquid incubation with concentrations of CAL at 0.5, 1, and 2 × MIC.For in vivo experiments, H.pylori-infected mice were randomly divided into CAL, triple therapy(lansoprazole, metronidazole, and clarithromycin), blank control, or H.pylori control groups.The eradication ratios were determined by positive findings from rapid urease tests(RUTs) and by histopathology.RESULTS: In vitro, the MIC of CAL against H.pylori was 16 mg/L.The time-kill curves showed a stable and persistent decreasing tendency with increasing CAL concentration, and the intensity of the bactericidal effect was proportional to dose; the 1 and 2 × MIC completely inhibited the growth of H.pylori at 24 h.In vivo, the eradication ratios in the CAL group were60%(6/10) by RUT and 50%(5/10) by histopathology.Ratios in the triple therapy group were both 70%(7/10), and there was no difference between the CAL and triple therapy groups.Histopathologic evaluation revealed massive bacterial colonization on the surface of gastric mucosa and slight infiltration of mononuclear cells after inoculation with H.pylori, but no obvious inflammation or other pathologic changes in gastric mucosa of mice from CAL and triple therapy groups.CONCLUSION: CAL demonstrates effective bactericidal activity against H.pylori both in vitro and in vivo.展开更多
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide（PACAP） is an endogenous peptide with neuroprotective effects on retinal neurons, but the precise mechanism underlying these effects remains unknown. Considering the...Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide（PACAP） is an endogenous peptide with neuroprotective effects on retinal neurons, but the precise mechanism underlying these effects remains unknown. Considering the abundance of mitochondria in retinal ganglion cells（RGCs）, we postulate that the protective effect of PACAP is associated with the regulation of mitochondrial function. RGC-5 cells were subjected to serum deprivation for 48 hours to induce apoptosis in the presence or absence of 100 nM PACAP. As revealed with the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, PACAP at different concentrations significantly increased the viability of RGC-5 cells. PACAP also inhibited the excessive generation of reactive oxygen species in RGC-5 cells subjected to serum deprivation. We also showed by flow cytometry that PACAP inhibited serum deprivation-induced apoptosis in RGC-5 cells. The proportions of apoptotic cells and cells with mitochondria depolarization were significantly decreased with PACAP treatment. Western blot assays demonstrated that PACAP increased the levels of Bcl-2 and inhibited the compensatory increase of PAC1. Together, these data indicate protective effects of PACAP against serum deprivation-induced apoptosis in RGCs, and that the mechanism of this action is associated with maintaining mitochondrial function.展开更多
Mountainous ecosystems are considered highly sensitive and vulnerable to natural disasters and cli- rnatic changes. Therefore, quantifying the effects of elevation on grassland productivity to understand ecosys- tem-c...Mountainous ecosystems are considered highly sensitive and vulnerable to natural disasters and cli- rnatic changes. Therefore, quantifying the effects of elevation on grassland productivity to understand ecosys- tem-climate interactions is vital for mountainous ecosystems. Water-use efficiency （WUE） provides a useful index for understanding the metabolism of terrestrial ecosystems as well as for evaluating the degradation of grasslands. This paper explored net primary productivity （NPP） and WUE in grasslands along an elevational gradient ranging from 400 to 3,400 m asl in the northern Tianshan Mountains-southern Junggar Basin （TMJB）, Xinjiang of China, using the Biome-BGC model. The results showed that： 1 ） the NPP increased by 0.05 g C/（m2-a） with every increase of 1-m elevation, reached the maximum at the mid-high elevation （1,600 m asl）, and then decreased by 0.06 g C/（m2.a） per 1-m increase in elevation; 2） the grassland NPP was positively correlated with temperature in alpine meadow （AM, 2,700-3,500 m asl）, mid-mountain forest meadow （MMFM, 1,650-2,700 m asl） and low-mountain dry grassland （LMDG, 650-1,650 m asl）, while positive correlations were found between NPP and annual precipitation in plain desert grassland （PDG, lower than 650 m asl）; 3） an increase （from 0.08 to 1.09 g C/（m2.a）） in mean NPP for the grassland in TMJB under a real climate change scenario was observed from 1959 to 2009; and 4） remarkable differences in WUE were found among different elevations, in general, WUE increased with decreasing elevation, because water availability is lower at lower elevations; however, at elevations lower than 540 m asl, we did observe a decreasing trend of WUE with decreasing elevation, which may be due to the sharp changes in canopy cover over this gradient. Our research suggests that the NPP simulated by Biome-BGC is consistent with field data, and the modeling provides an opportunity to further evaluate interactions between environmental factors and ecosystem productivity.展开更多
This study examines the hypothesis that soil respiration can always be interpreted purely in terms of biotic processes, neglecting the contribution of abiotic exchange to COg fluxes in alkaline soils of arid areas tha...This study examines the hypothesis that soil respiration can always be interpreted purely in terms of biotic processes, neglecting the contribution of abiotic exchange to COg fluxes in alkaline soils of arid areas that characterize 5% of the Earth＇s total land surface. Analyses on flux data collected from previous studies suggested reconciling soil respiration as organic （root/microbial respiration） and inorganic （abiotic CO2 exchange） respiration, whose contributions in the total CO2 flux were determined by soil alkaline content. On the basis of utilizing mete- orological and soil data collected from the Xinjiang and Central Asia Scientific Data Sharing Platform, an incorpo- rated model indicated that inorganic respiration represents almost half of the total CO2 flux. Neglecting the abiotic module may result in overestimates of soil respiration in arid alkaline lands, which partly explains the long-sought ＂missing carbon sink＂.展开更多
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(HP),the most common pathogenic microorganism in stomach,can induce inflammatory reactions in the gastric mucosa,causing chronic gastritis and even gastric cancer.HP infection affects ove...BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(HP),the most common pathogenic microorganism in stomach,can induce inflammatory reactions in the gastric mucosa,causing chronic gastritis and even gastric cancer.HP infection affects over 4.4 billion people globally,with a worldwide infection rate of up to 50%.The multidrug resistance of HP poses a serious challenge to eradication.It has been monstrated that compared to bismuth quadruple therapy,Qingre Huashi decoction(QHD)combined with triple therapy exhibits comparable eradication rates but with a lower incidence of adverse reactions;in addition,QHD directly inhibit and kill HP in vitro.METHODS In this study,12 HP strains were isolated in vitro after biopsy during gastroscopy of HP-infected patients.In vitro,the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)values for clinical HP strains and biofilm quantification were determined through the E-test method and crystal violet staining,respectively.The most robust biofilm-forming strain of HP was selected,and QHD was evaluated for its inhibitory and bactericidal effects on the strain with strong biofilm formation.This assessment was performed using agar dilution,E-test,killing dynamics,and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).The study also explored the impact of QHD on antibiotic resistance in these HP strains with strong biofilm formation.Crystalline violet method,scanning electron microscopy,laser confocal scanning microscopy,and(p)ppGpp chromatographic identification were employed to evaluate the effect of QHD on biofilm in strong biofilm-forming HP strains.The effect of QHD on biofilm and efflux pump-related gene expression was evaluated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Non-targeted metabolomics with UHPLC-MS/MS was used to identify potential metabolic pathways and biomarkers which were different between the NC and QHD groups.RESULTS HP could form biofilms of different degrees in vitro,and the intensity of formation was associated with the drug resistance of the strain.QHD had strong bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects on HP,with MICs of 32-64 mg/mL.QHD could inhibit the biofilm formation of the strong biofilm-forming HP strains,disrupt the biofilm structure,lower the accumulation of(p)ppGpp,decrease the expression of biofilm-related genes including LuxS,Spot,glup(HP1174),NapA,and CagE,and reduce the expression of efflux pump-related genes such as HP0605,HP0971,HP1327,and HP1489.Based on metabolomic analysis,QHD induced oxidative stress in HP,enhanced metabolism,and potentially inhibited relevant signaling pathways by upregulating adenosine monophosphate(AMP),thereby affecting HP growth,metabolism,and protein synthesis.CONCLUSION QHD exerts bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects on HP,and reduces HP drug resistance by inhibiting HP biofilm formation,destroying its biofilm structure,inhibiting the expression of biofilm-related genes and efflux pump-related genes,enhancing HP metabolism,and activating AMP in HP.展开更多
Ophiostomatalean fungi may facilitate bark beetle colonization and reproduction.In the present study of the fungal community associated with bark beetle species belonging to Tomicus in Yunnan,China,six ophiostomatalea...Ophiostomatalean fungi may facilitate bark beetle colonization and reproduction.In the present study of the fungal community associated with bark beetle species belonging to Tomicus in Yunnan,China,six ophiostomatalean fungi(Ophiostoma canum,O.ips,O.tingens,Leptographium yunnanense,Leptographium sp.1 and Leptographium sp.2)were isolated from the beetles or their galleries;O.canum was the most common fungal species.The distribution of O.canum was associated with stands heavily damaged by Tomicus species and a higher percentage of valid galleries of Tomicus yunnanensis and T.minor in Yunnan pine(Pinus yunnanensis).After inoculation of Yunnan pine with the fungus,a phloem reaction zone formed and monoterpenes accumulated in the phloem.These results suggested that O.canum was pathogenic to Yunnan pine and that the wide distribution of the fungus might be benefi cial to reproduction of pine shoot beetles in Yunnan pine.However,because the reaction zone and monoterpene accumulation were mild,fungal damage of Yunnan pine might be limited.A more integrated study considering all the fungal species should be done to better understand the interactions among bark beetles,blue-stain fungi,and the tree hosts in the region.展开更多
Background:In the overall surgical population,inadvertent perioperative hypothermia has been associated with an increased incidence of surgical site infection(SSI).However,recent clinical trials did not validate this ...Background:In the overall surgical population,inadvertent perioperative hypothermia has been associated with an increased incidence of surgical site infection(SSI).However,recent clinical trials did not validate this notion.This study aimed to investigate the potential correlation between inadvertent perioperative hypothermia and SSIs following liver resection.Methods:This retrospective cohort study included all consecutive patients who underwent liver resection between January 2019 and December 2021 at the First Affiliated Hospital,Zhejiang University School of Medicine.Perioperative temperature managements were implemented for all patients included in the analysis.Estimated propensity score matching(PSM)was performed to reduce the baseline imbalances between the normothermia and hypothermia groups.Before and after PSM,univariate analyses were performed to evaluate the correlation between hypothermia and SSI.Multivariate regression analysis was performed to determine whether hypothermia was an independent risk factor for postoperative transfusion and major complications.Subgroup analyses were performed for diabetes mellitus,age>65 years,and major liver resection.Results:Among 4000 patients,2206 had hypothermia(55.2%),of which 150 developed SSI(6.8%).PSM yielded 1434 individuals in each group.After PSM,the hypothermia and normothermia groups demonstrated similar incidence rates of SSI(7.0%vs.6.3%,P=0.453),postoperative transfusion(13.7%vs.13.3%,P=0.743),and major complications(10.1%vs.9.0%,P=0.309).Univariate regression analysis revealed no significant effects of hypothermia on the incidence of SSI in the group with the highest hypothermia exposure[odds ratio(OR)=1.25,95%confidence interval(CI):0.84-1.87,P=0.266],the group with moderate exposure(OR=1.00,95%CI:0.65-1.53,P=0.999),or the group with the lowest exposure(OR=1.11,95%CI:0.73-1.65,P=0.628).The subgroup analysis revealed similar results.Regarding liver function,patients in the hypothermia group demonstrated lowerγ-glutamyl transpeptidase(37 vs.43 U/L,P<0.001)and alkaline phosphatase(69 vs.72 U/L,P=0.016).However,patients in the hypothermia group exhibited prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time(29.2 vs.28.6 s,P<0.001).Conclusions:In our study of patients undergoing liver resection,we found no significant association between mild perioperative hypothermia and SSI.It might be due to the perioperative temperature managements,especially active warming measures,which limited the impact of perioperative hypothermia on the occurrence of SSI.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the associations between demographic and clinical factors with the rate of visual field mean derivation(MD) decline in retinitis pigmentosa(RP) patients.METHODS: Correlations of MDs with the visual...AIM: To investigate the associations between demographic and clinical factors with the rate of visual field mean derivation(MD) decline in retinitis pigmentosa(RP) patients.METHODS: Correlations of MDs with the visual acuity and retinal pigmentation were analyzed in 928 RP patients. MD decreasing rate in 10 y and potential influences of gender, age, family history and retinal pigmentation on the rate were explored in 201 RP patients. RESULTS: In the 928 patients, average MD and visual acuity were-14.44±8.61 dB and 0.79±0.35 respectively and when MD was lower than-9.18 dB the visual acuity would be below 1.0(20/20). The average MD medium between eyes with or without retinal pigmentation was-14.82 dB. In 123 non-pigmented eyes, the average MD were lower than the medium but in 153 pigmented eyes it was higher than that. In the 201 patients, the average decreasing value of MD in 10 years’ period was-8.01±3.66 dB and the value were correlated to retinal pigmentation but not to gender, age or RP family history. CONCLUSION: The rate of MD decline in RP eyes is significantly related to retinal pigmentation. Our study demonstrates the quantitative rate of MD decline in RP patients and the value of MD could well reflect the severity of RP.展开更多
基金Supported by National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(Youth Clinical Research Project of Peking University First Hospital),No.2023YC27Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research,No.2022-2-40711National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(Interdepartmental Research Project of Peking University First Hospital),No.2024IR20.
文摘BACKGROUND A dual therapy regimen containing amoxicillin is a common treatment option for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori).While substantial research supports the efficacy and safety of vonoprazan and amoxicillin(VA)dual therapy in the general population,there is still a lack of studies specifically focusing on its safety in elderly patients.AIM To evaluate efficacy and safety of VA dual therapy as first-line or rescue treatment for H.pylori in elderly patients.METHODS As a real-world retrospective study,data were collected from elderly patients aged 60 years and above who accepted VA dual therapy(vonoprazan 20 mg twice daily+amoxicillin 1000 mg thrice daily for 14 days)for H.pylori eradication in the Department of Gastroenterology at Peking University First Hospital between June 2020 and January 2024.H.pylori status was evaluated by^(13)C-urease breath test 6 weeks after treatment.All adverse events(AEs)during treatment were recorded.RESULTS In total,401 cases were screened.Twenty-one cases were excluded due to loss to follow-up,lack of re-examination,or unwillingness to take medication.The total of 380 included cases comprised 250 who received VA dual therapy as first-line treatment and 130 who received VA dual therapy as rescue treatment.H.pylori was successfully eradicated in 239 cases(95.6%)in the first-line treatment group and 116 cases(89.2%)in the rescue treatment group.The overall incidence of AEs was 9.5%for both groups.Specifically,9.2%of patients experienced an AE in the first-line treatment group and 10.0%in the rescue treatment group.Five patients discontinued treatment due to AE,with a discontinuation rate of 1.3%.No serious AE occurred.CONCLUSION The VA dual therapy regimen as a first-line treatment and a rescue therapy was effective and safe for elderly patients aged 60 and older.
基金funded by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(grant number 9232010)Capital's Funds for Health Improvement and Research(grant number 2022-2-4079).
文摘Background:Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide.This study aims to explore the impact of national volume-based procurement(NVBP)on Chinese patent medicines and provide evidence for improving policies and promoting rational drug use.Methods:The study was based on data from the China National Health Insurance Agency that spanned January 2019 to December 2020.Descriptive analysis was conducted using volume and expenditure as variables.Interrupted time series analysis was applied to further analyze Chinese patent medicines.Results:The unit prices of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin decreased by 25%-96%,whereas the prices of Zhibitai and Xuezhikang fluctuated slightly.The affordability is measured as the monthly expenditure on treatment divided by the daily wage.After policy implementation,the affordability of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin improved from 0.242 to 0.014 and from 0.247 to 0.019,respectively.The defined daily doses(DDDs)for atorvastatin and rosuvastatin also increased,whereas total expenditures decreased in hospitals of all levels.Both at the national level and at all levels of hospital,the policy had no significant impact on expenditures for Zhibitai and Xuezhikang and their defined daily doses.Conclusions:The NVBP saved costs in the short term by incorporating high-quality,widely used lipid-lowering drugs.Notably,the policy impacted lipid-lowering chemical drugs,whereas Chinese patent medicines remained largely unaffected.Doctors'use of Chinese patent medicines did not decline,highlighting the clinical specificity of these medicines.
基金Supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad(MINECO),No.RyC 2014-15242No.SAF2016-78711 to Martinez-Naves E and Cubero FJ.Martinez-Naves E+1 种基金Cubero FJ are part of the UCM group"Lymphocyte Immunobiology",Ref.920631(imas12-associated,Ref.IBL-6)Chinese Scholarship Council fellow to YeH
文摘Drug-induced liver injury(DILI) has become a major topic in the field of Hepatology and Gastroenterology. DILI can be clinically divided into three phenotypes: hepatocytic, cholestatic and mixed. Although the clinical manifestations of DILI are variable and the pathogenesis complicated, recent insights using improved preclinical models, have allowed a better understanding of the mechanisms that trigger liver damage. In this review, we will discuss the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying DILI. The toxicity of the drug eventually induces hepatocellular damage through multiple molecular pathways, including direct hepatic toxicity and innate and adaptive immune responses. Drugs or their metabolites, such as the common analgesic, acetaminophen, can cause direct hepatic toxicity through accumulation of reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial dysfunction. The innate and adaptive immune responses play also a very important role in the occurrence of idiosyncratic DILI. Furthermore, we examine common forms of hepatocyte death and their association with the activation of specific signaling pathways.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation Project of China,No.81072952
文摘AIM: To investigate the bactericidal effects of Chenopodium ambrosioides L.(CAL) against Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori) both in vitro and in vivo.METHODS: For in vitro experiments, the inhibitory activity of CAL was tested using an agar dilution method; H.pylori strain NCTC11637 was incubated on Columbia blood agar plates containing serial concentrations of CAL.The minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) was determined by the absence of H.pylori colonies on the agar plate.Time-kill curves were used to evaluate bactericidal activity; the average number of colonies was calculated at 0, 2, 8 and 24 h after liquid incubation with concentrations of CAL at 0.5, 1, and 2 × MIC.For in vivo experiments, H.pylori-infected mice were randomly divided into CAL, triple therapy(lansoprazole, metronidazole, and clarithromycin), blank control, or H.pylori control groups.The eradication ratios were determined by positive findings from rapid urease tests(RUTs) and by histopathology.RESULTS: In vitro, the MIC of CAL against H.pylori was 16 mg/L.The time-kill curves showed a stable and persistent decreasing tendency with increasing CAL concentration, and the intensity of the bactericidal effect was proportional to dose; the 1 and 2 × MIC completely inhibited the growth of H.pylori at 24 h.In vivo, the eradication ratios in the CAL group were60%(6/10) by RUT and 50%(5/10) by histopathology.Ratios in the triple therapy group were both 70%(7/10), and there was no difference between the CAL and triple therapy groups.Histopathologic evaluation revealed massive bacterial colonization on the surface of gastric mucosa and slight infiltration of mononuclear cells after inoculation with H.pylori, but no obvious inflammation or other pathologic changes in gastric mucosa of mice from CAL and triple therapy groups.CONCLUSION: CAL demonstrates effective bactericidal activity against H.pylori both in vitro and in vivo.
基金supported by grants from the Medical Scientific Research Foundation of Guangdong Province of China,No.A2016271the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of China,No.2016A030313208the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province of China,No.2014A020212393
文摘Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide（PACAP） is an endogenous peptide with neuroprotective effects on retinal neurons, but the precise mechanism underlying these effects remains unknown. Considering the abundance of mitochondria in retinal ganglion cells（RGCs）, we postulate that the protective effect of PACAP is associated with the regulation of mitochondrial function. RGC-5 cells were subjected to serum deprivation for 48 hours to induce apoptosis in the presence or absence of 100 nM PACAP. As revealed with the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, PACAP at different concentrations significantly increased the viability of RGC-5 cells. PACAP also inhibited the excessive generation of reactive oxygen species in RGC-5 cells subjected to serum deprivation. We also showed by flow cytometry that PACAP inhibited serum deprivation-induced apoptosis in RGC-5 cells. The proportions of apoptotic cells and cells with mitochondria depolarization were significantly decreased with PACAP treatment. Western blot assays demonstrated that PACAP increased the levels of Bcl-2 and inhibited the compensatory increase of PAC1. Together, these data indicate protective effects of PACAP against serum deprivation-induced apoptosis in RGCs, and that the mechanism of this action is associated with maintaining mitochondrial function.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41271126)the National Basic Research Program of China (2009CB825105)
文摘Mountainous ecosystems are considered highly sensitive and vulnerable to natural disasters and cli- rnatic changes. Therefore, quantifying the effects of elevation on grassland productivity to understand ecosys- tem-climate interactions is vital for mountainous ecosystems. Water-use efficiency （WUE） provides a useful index for understanding the metabolism of terrestrial ecosystems as well as for evaluating the degradation of grasslands. This paper explored net primary productivity （NPP） and WUE in grasslands along an elevational gradient ranging from 400 to 3,400 m asl in the northern Tianshan Mountains-southern Junggar Basin （TMJB）, Xinjiang of China, using the Biome-BGC model. The results showed that： 1 ） the NPP increased by 0.05 g C/（m2-a） with every increase of 1-m elevation, reached the maximum at the mid-high elevation （1,600 m asl）, and then decreased by 0.06 g C/（m2.a） per 1-m increase in elevation; 2） the grassland NPP was positively correlated with temperature in alpine meadow （AM, 2,700-3,500 m asl）, mid-mountain forest meadow （MMFM, 1,650-2,700 m asl） and low-mountain dry grassland （LMDG, 650-1,650 m asl）, while positive correlations were found between NPP and annual precipitation in plain desert grassland （PDG, lower than 650 m asl）; 3） an increase （from 0.08 to 1.09 g C/（m2.a）） in mean NPP for the grassland in TMJB under a real climate change scenario was observed from 1959 to 2009; and 4） remarkable differences in WUE were found among different elevations, in general, WUE increased with decreasing elevation, because water availability is lower at lower elevations; however, at elevations lower than 540 m asl, we did observe a decreasing trend of WUE with decreasing elevation, which may be due to the sharp changes in canopy cover over this gradient. Our research suggests that the NPP simulated by Biome-BGC is consistent with field data, and the modeling provides an opportunity to further evaluate interactions between environmental factors and ecosystem productivity.
基金National Basic Research Program of China (2009CB825105)
文摘This study examines the hypothesis that soil respiration can always be interpreted purely in terms of biotic processes, neglecting the contribution of abiotic exchange to COg fluxes in alkaline soils of arid areas that characterize 5% of the Earth＇s total land surface. Analyses on flux data collected from previous studies suggested reconciling soil respiration as organic （root/microbial respiration） and inorganic （abiotic CO2 exchange） respiration, whose contributions in the total CO2 flux were determined by soil alkaline content. On the basis of utilizing mete- orological and soil data collected from the Xinjiang and Central Asia Scientific Data Sharing Platform, an incorpo- rated model indicated that inorganic respiration represents almost half of the total CO2 flux. Neglecting the abiotic module may result in overestimates of soil respiration in arid alkaline lands, which partly explains the long-sought ＂missing carbon sink＂.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81973615 and No.82304930Natural Science Foundation of Beijing,No.7332323Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research,No.CF2022-2-40711.
文摘BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(HP),the most common pathogenic microorganism in stomach,can induce inflammatory reactions in the gastric mucosa,causing chronic gastritis and even gastric cancer.HP infection affects over 4.4 billion people globally,with a worldwide infection rate of up to 50%.The multidrug resistance of HP poses a serious challenge to eradication.It has been monstrated that compared to bismuth quadruple therapy,Qingre Huashi decoction(QHD)combined with triple therapy exhibits comparable eradication rates but with a lower incidence of adverse reactions;in addition,QHD directly inhibit and kill HP in vitro.METHODS In this study,12 HP strains were isolated in vitro after biopsy during gastroscopy of HP-infected patients.In vitro,the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)values for clinical HP strains and biofilm quantification were determined through the E-test method and crystal violet staining,respectively.The most robust biofilm-forming strain of HP was selected,and QHD was evaluated for its inhibitory and bactericidal effects on the strain with strong biofilm formation.This assessment was performed using agar dilution,E-test,killing dynamics,and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).The study also explored the impact of QHD on antibiotic resistance in these HP strains with strong biofilm formation.Crystalline violet method,scanning electron microscopy,laser confocal scanning microscopy,and(p)ppGpp chromatographic identification were employed to evaluate the effect of QHD on biofilm in strong biofilm-forming HP strains.The effect of QHD on biofilm and efflux pump-related gene expression was evaluated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Non-targeted metabolomics with UHPLC-MS/MS was used to identify potential metabolic pathways and biomarkers which were different between the NC and QHD groups.RESULTS HP could form biofilms of different degrees in vitro,and the intensity of formation was associated with the drug resistance of the strain.QHD had strong bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects on HP,with MICs of 32-64 mg/mL.QHD could inhibit the biofilm formation of the strong biofilm-forming HP strains,disrupt the biofilm structure,lower the accumulation of(p)ppGpp,decrease the expression of biofilm-related genes including LuxS,Spot,glup(HP1174),NapA,and CagE,and reduce the expression of efflux pump-related genes such as HP0605,HP0971,HP1327,and HP1489.Based on metabolomic analysis,QHD induced oxidative stress in HP,enhanced metabolism,and potentially inhibited relevant signaling pathways by upregulating adenosine monophosphate(AMP),thereby affecting HP growth,metabolism,and protein synthesis.CONCLUSION QHD exerts bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects on HP,and reduces HP drug resistance by inhibiting HP biofilm formation,destroying its biofilm structure,inhibiting the expression of biofilm-related genes and efflux pump-related genes,enhancing HP metabolism,and activating AMP in HP.
文摘Ophiostomatalean fungi may facilitate bark beetle colonization and reproduction.In the present study of the fungal community associated with bark beetle species belonging to Tomicus in Yunnan,China,six ophiostomatalean fungi(Ophiostoma canum,O.ips,O.tingens,Leptographium yunnanense,Leptographium sp.1 and Leptographium sp.2)were isolated from the beetles or their galleries;O.canum was the most common fungal species.The distribution of O.canum was associated with stands heavily damaged by Tomicus species and a higher percentage of valid galleries of Tomicus yunnanensis and T.minor in Yunnan pine(Pinus yunnanensis).After inoculation of Yunnan pine with the fungus,a phloem reaction zone formed and monoterpenes accumulated in the phloem.These results suggested that O.canum was pathogenic to Yunnan pine and that the wide distribution of the fungus might be benefi cial to reproduction of pine shoot beetles in Yunnan pine.However,because the reaction zone and monoterpene accumulation were mild,fungal damage of Yunnan pine might be limited.A more integrated study considering all the fungal species should be done to better understand the interactions among bark beetles,blue-stain fungi,and the tree hosts in the region.
基金supported by grants from the Key R&D Program of Zhejiang(2022C03163)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82072148).
文摘Background:In the overall surgical population,inadvertent perioperative hypothermia has been associated with an increased incidence of surgical site infection(SSI).However,recent clinical trials did not validate this notion.This study aimed to investigate the potential correlation between inadvertent perioperative hypothermia and SSIs following liver resection.Methods:This retrospective cohort study included all consecutive patients who underwent liver resection between January 2019 and December 2021 at the First Affiliated Hospital,Zhejiang University School of Medicine.Perioperative temperature managements were implemented for all patients included in the analysis.Estimated propensity score matching(PSM)was performed to reduce the baseline imbalances between the normothermia and hypothermia groups.Before and after PSM,univariate analyses were performed to evaluate the correlation between hypothermia and SSI.Multivariate regression analysis was performed to determine whether hypothermia was an independent risk factor for postoperative transfusion and major complications.Subgroup analyses were performed for diabetes mellitus,age>65 years,and major liver resection.Results:Among 4000 patients,2206 had hypothermia(55.2%),of which 150 developed SSI(6.8%).PSM yielded 1434 individuals in each group.After PSM,the hypothermia and normothermia groups demonstrated similar incidence rates of SSI(7.0%vs.6.3%,P=0.453),postoperative transfusion(13.7%vs.13.3%,P=0.743),and major complications(10.1%vs.9.0%,P=0.309).Univariate regression analysis revealed no significant effects of hypothermia on the incidence of SSI in the group with the highest hypothermia exposure[odds ratio(OR)=1.25,95%confidence interval(CI):0.84-1.87,P=0.266],the group with moderate exposure(OR=1.00,95%CI:0.65-1.53,P=0.999),or the group with the lowest exposure(OR=1.11,95%CI:0.73-1.65,P=0.628).The subgroup analysis revealed similar results.Regarding liver function,patients in the hypothermia group demonstrated lowerγ-glutamyl transpeptidase(37 vs.43 U/L,P<0.001)and alkaline phosphatase(69 vs.72 U/L,P=0.016).However,patients in the hypothermia group exhibited prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time(29.2 vs.28.6 s,P<0.001).Conclusions:In our study of patients undergoing liver resection,we found no significant association between mild perioperative hypothermia and SSI.It might be due to the perioperative temperature managements,especially active warming measures,which limited the impact of perioperative hypothermia on the occurrence of SSI.
文摘AIM: To investigate the associations between demographic and clinical factors with the rate of visual field mean derivation(MD) decline in retinitis pigmentosa(RP) patients.METHODS: Correlations of MDs with the visual acuity and retinal pigmentation were analyzed in 928 RP patients. MD decreasing rate in 10 y and potential influences of gender, age, family history and retinal pigmentation on the rate were explored in 201 RP patients. RESULTS: In the 928 patients, average MD and visual acuity were-14.44±8.61 dB and 0.79±0.35 respectively and when MD was lower than-9.18 dB the visual acuity would be below 1.0(20/20). The average MD medium between eyes with or without retinal pigmentation was-14.82 dB. In 123 non-pigmented eyes, the average MD were lower than the medium but in 153 pigmented eyes it was higher than that. In the 201 patients, the average decreasing value of MD in 10 years’ period was-8.01±3.66 dB and the value were correlated to retinal pigmentation but not to gender, age or RP family history. CONCLUSION: The rate of MD decline in RP eyes is significantly related to retinal pigmentation. Our study demonstrates the quantitative rate of MD decline in RP patients and the value of MD could well reflect the severity of RP.
