Surface passivation via two-dimensional(2D)perovskite has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance the performance of perovskite solar cells(PSCs)due to the effective compensation of interfacial states.However,the i...Surface passivation via two-dimensional(2D)perovskite has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance the performance of perovskite solar cells(PSCs)due to the effective compensation of interfacial states.However,the in situ grown 2D perovskite passivation layers typically comprise a mixture of multiple dimensionalities at the interface,where band alignment has only been portrayed qualitatively and empirically.Herein,the interface states for precisely phase-tailored 2D perovskite passivated PSCs are quantitatively investigated.In comparison to traditional passivation molecules,2D perovskite layers based on 4-trifluoromethyl-phenylethylammonium iodide(CF3PEAI)exhibit an increased work function,introducing desirable downward band bending to eliminate the Schottky Barrier.Furthermore,precisely phase-tailored 2D layers could modulate the interface trap density and energetics.The n=1 film delivers optimal performance with a hole extraction efficiency of 95.1%.The optimized n-i-p PSCs in the two-step method significantly improve PCE to 25.40%,along with enhanced photostability and negligible hysteresis.It highlights that tailoring in the composition and phase distribution of the 2D perovskite layer could modulate the interface states at the 2D/3D interface.展开更多
Interferon regulatory factor 7 plays a crucial role in the innate immune response.However,whether interferon regulatory factor 7-mediated signaling contributes to Parkinson's disease remains unknown.Here we report...Interferon regulatory factor 7 plays a crucial role in the innate immune response.However,whether interferon regulatory factor 7-mediated signaling contributes to Parkinson's disease remains unknown.Here we report that interferon regulatory factor 7 is markedly up-regulated in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease and co-localizes with microglial cells.Both the selective cyclic guanosine monophosphate adenosine monophosphate synthase inhibitor RU.521 and the stimulator of interferon genes inhibitor H151 effectively suppressed interferon regulatory factor 7 activation in BV2 microglia exposed to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium and inhibited transformation of mouse BV2 microglia into the neurotoxic M1 phenotype.In addition,si RNA-mediated knockdown of interferon regulatory factor 7 expression in BV2 microglia reduced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase,tumor necrosis factorα,CD16,CD32,and CD86 and increased the expression of the anti-inflammatory markers ARG1 and YM1.Taken together,our findings indicate that the cyclic guanosine monophosphate adenosine monophosphate synthase-stimulator of interferon genes-interferon regulatory factor 7 pathway plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.展开更多
Constructing heterojunction photocatalysts is a highly effective strategy for achieving overall water splitting,particularly by overcoming the challenge of sluggish electron-hole transport.This study employed a defect...Constructing heterojunction photocatalysts is a highly effective strategy for achieving overall water splitting,particularly by overcoming the challenge of sluggish electron-hole transport.This study employed a defect-induced in situ growth approach to anchor NiSe onto carbon-vacancy-rich C_(3)N_(5)(C_(v)-C_(3)N_(5)),forming interfacial Ni-N bonds.The resulting NiSe/C_(v)-C_(3)N_(5)heterojunction exhibited stoichiometric H_(2)and O_(2)evolution rates of 1956.1 and 989.1μmol g^(-1)h^(-1),respectively,8.4 times higher than a counterpart lacking interfacial bonding.Both theoretical calculations and experimental data confirmed that the Ni–N bonds were instrumental in enhancing photocatalytic performance by inducing and reinforcing S-scheme charge transfer.Illumination X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis revealed that a synergistic charge transfer pathway:photoexcited electrons from the NiSe conduction band migrated sequentially to Ni atoms,then to N atoms,and ultimately recombined with holes in the C_(v)-C_(3)N_(5)valence band.Moreover,these interfacial bonds significantly lowered the energy barrier and shortened the transport distance for electron transfer,amplifying the built-in interfacial electric field and accelerating charge dynamics.This study provides critical insights into the rational design of heterojunction photocatalysts for efficient water splitting.展开更多
采用石蜡制片法,对产于中国的伞形科(Apiaceae)阿米芹族(Ammineae)葛缕子亚族(Carinae)7属26种4变种1变型以及作为外类群的西风芹亚族(Seselinae)2属6种的果实横切面解剖结构进行了观察,并选择18个结构特征作为数量分类性状,进行了系统...采用石蜡制片法,对产于中国的伞形科(Apiaceae)阿米芹族(Ammineae)葛缕子亚族(Carinae)7属26种4变种1变型以及作为外类群的西风芹亚族(Seselinae)2属6种的果实横切面解剖结构进行了观察,并选择18个结构特征作为数量分类性状,进行了系统聚类分析和主成分分析;根据数量分类结果提出了部分类群的分类处理建议。观察结果显示:供试种类的果实横切面在果体形状和大小、背棱和侧棱的形状和大小、果棱发达程度、外果皮和中果皮的结晶和色素块的形态等特征上呈现出多样化的特点,少数种类的某些果实解剖特征呈现出特殊性,其中,仅柴胡属(Bupleurum Linn.)种类和山茴香(Carlesia sinensis Dunn)的果实几不压扁,仅鸭儿芹(Cryptotaenia japonica Hassk.)的果体腹面有隐棱,仅山茴香的油管沿果体连续分布。聚类分析结果显示:供试种类可分为5类,其中,山茴香、藁本属(Ligusticum Linn.)种类、鸭儿芹、西风芹属(Seseli Linn.)种类各自聚为一类;柴胡属、茴芹属(Pimpinella Linn.)、丝瓣芹属(Acronema Falconer ex Edgew.)、阿米芹属(Ammi Linn.)和小芹属(Sinocarum H.Wolff ex R.H.Shan et F.T.Pu)5属的种类聚为一类(含5组),其中,尖瓣芹(Acronema chinense Wolff)、阿米芹〔Ammi visnaga(Linn.)Lam.〕和钝瓣小芹〔Sinocarum inocarum cruciatum(Franch.)Wolff ex R.H.Shan et F.T.Pu〕各自聚为组A、组B和组C,组D包含茴芹属和丝瓣芹属的种类,组E包含柴胡属的种类及紫茎小芹〔S.coloratum(Diels)Wolff ex R.H.Shan et F.T.Pu〕。主成分分析结果显示:前6个主成分的累计贡献率达到86.217%,其中第1主成分的贡献率达到36.561%,以背部果棱形状、侧棱形状、每果棱中维管束的数量、腹面是否有隐棱4个性状的绝对权重值均较高;总体上看,果棱、果体形状和分泌结构3大类9个解剖性状对阿米芹族的数量分类具有重要意义。依据数量分类结果,认为葛缕子亚族乃至阿米芹族的分类具有不自然性,其中,鸭儿芹和山茴香属(Carlesia Dunn)的分类地位应予提升,丝瓣芹属与茴芹属的关系以及小芹属下的分类有待进一步明晰;此外,西风芹亚族中西风芹属的界限和分类地位需要重新考虑。展开更多
The effect of COVID-19 on stock market performance has important implications for both financial theory and practice.This paper examines the relationship between COVID-19 and the instability of both stock return predi...The effect of COVID-19 on stock market performance has important implications for both financial theory and practice.This paper examines the relationship between COVID-19 and the instability of both stock return predictability and price volatility in the U.S over the period January 1st,2019 to June 30th,2020 by using the methodologies of Bai and Perron(Econometrica 66:47–78,1998.https://doi.org/10.2307/2998540;J Appl Econo 18:1–22,2003.https://doi.org/10.1002/jae.659),Elliot and Muller(Optimal testing general breaking processes in linear time series models.University of California at San Diego Economic Working Paper,2004),and Xu(J Econ 173:126–142,2013.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecon om.2012.11.001).The results highlight a single break in return predictability and price volatility of both S&P 500 and DJIA.The timing of the break is consistent with the COVID-19 outbreak,or more specifically the stock sellingoffs by the U.S.senate committee members before COVID-19 crashed the market.Furthermore,return predictability and price volatility significantly increased following the derived break.The findings suggest that the pandemic crisis was associated with market inefficiency,creating profitable opportunities for traders and speculators.Furthermore,it also induced income and wealth inequality between market participants with plenty of liquidity at hand and those short of funds.展开更多
Atherosclerosis(AS)is a major cause of cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)and a strong link with hepatic steatosis.Silver carp muscle hydrolysate(SCH)possess various beneficial activities but its effect on AS and hepatic st...Atherosclerosis(AS)is a major cause of cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)and a strong link with hepatic steatosis.Silver carp muscle hydrolysate(SCH)possess various beneficial activities but its effect on AS and hepatic steatosis is yet unknown.This study aimed to investigate the effects of SCH on AS lesions and hepatic steatosis using apoE-/-mice.Results showed that SCH significantly reduced the vascular AS plaques and alleviated hepatic steatosis lesions in apoE-/-mice.Consistent with this,the lipid levels both in circulation and liver were lowered by SCH.The mechanism analysis showed SCH down-regulated the expression of genes involved in lipoproteins production while up-regulated the expression of genes related to reverse cholesterol transport(RCT)in liver.Meanwhile,SCH remarkably promoted transintestinal cholesterol excretion(TICE)process in intestine,partly contributing to the reduction of blood lipids.The peptide profile data indicated LYF,HWPW,FPK,and YPR are the main peptides in SCH that play a vital role in alleviating AS lesions and hepatic steatosis.Our findings provided new knowledge for the application of SCH in ameliorating CVDs and liver diseases.展开更多
Novel angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE)inhibitory peptides were identified from whey protein hydrolysates(WPH)in vitro in our previous study and the antihypertensive abilities of WPH in vivo were further investigated...Novel angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE)inhibitory peptides were identified from whey protein hydrolysates(WPH)in vitro in our previous study and the antihypertensive abilities of WPH in vivo were further investigated in the current study.Results indicated that WPH significantly inhibited the development of high blood pressure and tissue injuries caused by hypertension.WPH inhibited ACE activity(20.81%,P<0.01),and reduced renin concentration(P<0.05),thereby reducing systolic blood pressure(SBP)(12.63%,P<0.05)in spontaneously hypertensive rats.The increased Akkermansia,Bacteroides,and Lactobacillus abundance promoted high short chain fatty acid content in feces after WPH intervention.These changes jointly contributed to low blood pressure.The heart weight and cardiomyocyte injuries(hypertrophy and degeneration)were alleviated by WPH.The proteomic results revealed that 19 protein expressions in the heart mainly associated with the wingless/integrated(Wnt)signaling pathway and Apelin signaling pathway were altered after WPH supplementation.Notably,WPH alleviated serum oxidative stress,indicated by the decreased malondialdehyde content(P<0.01),enhanced total antioxidant capacity(P<0.01)and superoxide dismutase activity(P<0.01).The current study suggests that WPH exhibit promising antihypertensive abilities in vivo and could be a potential alternative for antihypertensive dietary supplements.展开更多
This study explores the impact of generative artificial intelligence(AI)-enabled instruction on critical thinking in English essay writing among 1,050 first-year English majors across four colleges.Pedagogical strateg...This study explores the impact of generative artificial intelligence(AI)-enabled instruction on critical thinking in English essay writing among 1,050 first-year English majors across four colleges.Pedagogical strategies,including facilitating critical responses and emphasizing real-world application,are identified to enhance generative AI’s impact.Both qualitative and quantitative analyses reveal significant post-intervention improvements in critical thinking skills.This research contributes to understanding how generative AI can effectively foster critical thinking in educational settings.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62304111,62304110,22579136)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFE0201800)+6 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2024M761492)the Project of State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays(Nos.GDX2022010009,GZR2023010046)the Natural Science Research Start-up Foundation of Recruiting Talents of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications(No.NY223053)the Science and Technology Project of Jiangsu(Science and Technology Cooperation Project of HongKong,Macao and Taiwan,No.BZ2023059)Shaanxi Fundamental Science Research Project for Mathematics and Physics(No.22jSY015)Young Talent Fund of Xi'an Association for Science and Technology(No.959202313020)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Optoelectronic Materials and Intelligent Photonic Systems(No.2023B1212010003).
文摘Surface passivation via two-dimensional(2D)perovskite has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance the performance of perovskite solar cells(PSCs)due to the effective compensation of interfacial states.However,the in situ grown 2D perovskite passivation layers typically comprise a mixture of multiple dimensionalities at the interface,where band alignment has only been portrayed qualitatively and empirically.Herein,the interface states for precisely phase-tailored 2D perovskite passivated PSCs are quantitatively investigated.In comparison to traditional passivation molecules,2D perovskite layers based on 4-trifluoromethyl-phenylethylammonium iodide(CF3PEAI)exhibit an increased work function,introducing desirable downward band bending to eliminate the Schottky Barrier.Furthermore,precisely phase-tailored 2D layers could modulate the interface trap density and energetics.The n=1 film delivers optimal performance with a hole extraction efficiency of 95.1%.The optimized n-i-p PSCs in the two-step method significantly improve PCE to 25.40%,along with enhanced photostability and negligible hysteresis.It highlights that tailoring in the composition and phase distribution of the 2D perovskite layer could modulate the interface states at the 2D/3D interface.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82171429,81771384a grant from Wuxi Municipal Health Commission,No.1286010241190480(all to YS)。
文摘Interferon regulatory factor 7 plays a crucial role in the innate immune response.However,whether interferon regulatory factor 7-mediated signaling contributes to Parkinson's disease remains unknown.Here we report that interferon regulatory factor 7 is markedly up-regulated in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease and co-localizes with microglial cells.Both the selective cyclic guanosine monophosphate adenosine monophosphate synthase inhibitor RU.521 and the stimulator of interferon genes inhibitor H151 effectively suppressed interferon regulatory factor 7 activation in BV2 microglia exposed to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium and inhibited transformation of mouse BV2 microglia into the neurotoxic M1 phenotype.In addition,si RNA-mediated knockdown of interferon regulatory factor 7 expression in BV2 microglia reduced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase,tumor necrosis factorα,CD16,CD32,and CD86 and increased the expression of the anti-inflammatory markers ARG1 and YM1.Taken together,our findings indicate that the cyclic guanosine monophosphate adenosine monophosphate synthase-stimulator of interferon genes-interferon regulatory factor 7 pathway plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
文摘Constructing heterojunction photocatalysts is a highly effective strategy for achieving overall water splitting,particularly by overcoming the challenge of sluggish electron-hole transport.This study employed a defect-induced in situ growth approach to anchor NiSe onto carbon-vacancy-rich C_(3)N_(5)(C_(v)-C_(3)N_(5)),forming interfacial Ni-N bonds.The resulting NiSe/C_(v)-C_(3)N_(5)heterojunction exhibited stoichiometric H_(2)and O_(2)evolution rates of 1956.1 and 989.1μmol g^(-1)h^(-1),respectively,8.4 times higher than a counterpart lacking interfacial bonding.Both theoretical calculations and experimental data confirmed that the Ni–N bonds were instrumental in enhancing photocatalytic performance by inducing and reinforcing S-scheme charge transfer.Illumination X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis revealed that a synergistic charge transfer pathway:photoexcited electrons from the NiSe conduction band migrated sequentially to Ni atoms,then to N atoms,and ultimately recombined with holes in the C_(v)-C_(3)N_(5)valence band.Moreover,these interfacial bonds significantly lowered the energy barrier and shortened the transport distance for electron transfer,amplifying the built-in interfacial electric field and accelerating charge dynamics.This study provides critical insights into the rational design of heterojunction photocatalysts for efficient water splitting.
文摘采用石蜡制片法,对产于中国的伞形科(Apiaceae)阿米芹族(Ammineae)葛缕子亚族(Carinae)7属26种4变种1变型以及作为外类群的西风芹亚族(Seselinae)2属6种的果实横切面解剖结构进行了观察,并选择18个结构特征作为数量分类性状,进行了系统聚类分析和主成分分析;根据数量分类结果提出了部分类群的分类处理建议。观察结果显示:供试种类的果实横切面在果体形状和大小、背棱和侧棱的形状和大小、果棱发达程度、外果皮和中果皮的结晶和色素块的形态等特征上呈现出多样化的特点,少数种类的某些果实解剖特征呈现出特殊性,其中,仅柴胡属(Bupleurum Linn.)种类和山茴香(Carlesia sinensis Dunn)的果实几不压扁,仅鸭儿芹(Cryptotaenia japonica Hassk.)的果体腹面有隐棱,仅山茴香的油管沿果体连续分布。聚类分析结果显示:供试种类可分为5类,其中,山茴香、藁本属(Ligusticum Linn.)种类、鸭儿芹、西风芹属(Seseli Linn.)种类各自聚为一类;柴胡属、茴芹属(Pimpinella Linn.)、丝瓣芹属(Acronema Falconer ex Edgew.)、阿米芹属(Ammi Linn.)和小芹属(Sinocarum H.Wolff ex R.H.Shan et F.T.Pu)5属的种类聚为一类(含5组),其中,尖瓣芹(Acronema chinense Wolff)、阿米芹〔Ammi visnaga(Linn.)Lam.〕和钝瓣小芹〔Sinocarum inocarum cruciatum(Franch.)Wolff ex R.H.Shan et F.T.Pu〕各自聚为组A、组B和组C,组D包含茴芹属和丝瓣芹属的种类,组E包含柴胡属的种类及紫茎小芹〔S.coloratum(Diels)Wolff ex R.H.Shan et F.T.Pu〕。主成分分析结果显示:前6个主成分的累计贡献率达到86.217%,其中第1主成分的贡献率达到36.561%,以背部果棱形状、侧棱形状、每果棱中维管束的数量、腹面是否有隐棱4个性状的绝对权重值均较高;总体上看,果棱、果体形状和分泌结构3大类9个解剖性状对阿米芹族的数量分类具有重要意义。依据数量分类结果,认为葛缕子亚族乃至阿米芹族的分类具有不自然性,其中,鸭儿芹和山茴香属(Carlesia Dunn)的分类地位应予提升,丝瓣芹属与茴芹属的关系以及小芹属下的分类有待进一步明晰;此外,西风芹亚族中西风芹属的界限和分类地位需要重新考虑。
基金This research was supported by the Social Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(Grant No:20YJ09)the National Social Science Foundation of China(Grant No:17ZDA037).
文摘The effect of COVID-19 on stock market performance has important implications for both financial theory and practice.This paper examines the relationship between COVID-19 and the instability of both stock return predictability and price volatility in the U.S over the period January 1st,2019 to June 30th,2020 by using the methodologies of Bai and Perron(Econometrica 66:47–78,1998.https://doi.org/10.2307/2998540;J Appl Econo 18:1–22,2003.https://doi.org/10.1002/jae.659),Elliot and Muller(Optimal testing general breaking processes in linear time series models.University of California at San Diego Economic Working Paper,2004),and Xu(J Econ 173:126–142,2013.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecon om.2012.11.001).The results highlight a single break in return predictability and price volatility of both S&P 500 and DJIA.The timing of the break is consistent with the COVID-19 outbreak,or more specifically the stock sellingoffs by the U.S.senate committee members before COVID-19 crashed the market.Furthermore,return predictability and price volatility significantly increased following the derived break.The findings suggest that the pandemic crisis was associated with market inefficiency,creating profitable opportunities for traders and speculators.Furthermore,it also induced income and wealth inequality between market participants with plenty of liquidity at hand and those short of funds.
基金supported by the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-45),Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20240918)the“Green Yangzhou Golden Phoenix”funding of Yangzhou(137013478).
文摘Atherosclerosis(AS)is a major cause of cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)and a strong link with hepatic steatosis.Silver carp muscle hydrolysate(SCH)possess various beneficial activities but its effect on AS and hepatic steatosis is yet unknown.This study aimed to investigate the effects of SCH on AS lesions and hepatic steatosis using apoE-/-mice.Results showed that SCH significantly reduced the vascular AS plaques and alleviated hepatic steatosis lesions in apoE-/-mice.Consistent with this,the lipid levels both in circulation and liver were lowered by SCH.The mechanism analysis showed SCH down-regulated the expression of genes involved in lipoproteins production while up-regulated the expression of genes related to reverse cholesterol transport(RCT)in liver.Meanwhile,SCH remarkably promoted transintestinal cholesterol excretion(TICE)process in intestine,partly contributing to the reduction of blood lipids.The peptide profile data indicated LYF,HWPW,FPK,and YPR are the main peptides in SCH that play a vital role in alleviating AS lesions and hepatic steatosis.Our findings provided new knowledge for the application of SCH in ameliorating CVDs and liver diseases.
基金supported by the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(2021QNRC001)。
文摘Novel angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE)inhibitory peptides were identified from whey protein hydrolysates(WPH)in vitro in our previous study and the antihypertensive abilities of WPH in vivo were further investigated in the current study.Results indicated that WPH significantly inhibited the development of high blood pressure and tissue injuries caused by hypertension.WPH inhibited ACE activity(20.81%,P<0.01),and reduced renin concentration(P<0.05),thereby reducing systolic blood pressure(SBP)(12.63%,P<0.05)in spontaneously hypertensive rats.The increased Akkermansia,Bacteroides,and Lactobacillus abundance promoted high short chain fatty acid content in feces after WPH intervention.These changes jointly contributed to low blood pressure.The heart weight and cardiomyocyte injuries(hypertrophy and degeneration)were alleviated by WPH.The proteomic results revealed that 19 protein expressions in the heart mainly associated with the wingless/integrated(Wnt)signaling pathway and Apelin signaling pathway were altered after WPH supplementation.Notably,WPH alleviated serum oxidative stress,indicated by the decreased malondialdehyde content(P<0.01),enhanced total antioxidant capacity(P<0.01)and superoxide dismutase activity(P<0.01).The current study suggests that WPH exhibit promising antihypertensive abilities in vivo and could be a potential alternative for antihypertensive dietary supplements.
基金General Project of Philosophy and Social Science Research in Jiangsu Universities in 2024“Research on the Mining and Integration Strategy of Ideological and Political Elements in Business English Major Courses”(2024SISZ0787)。
文摘This study explores the impact of generative artificial intelligence(AI)-enabled instruction on critical thinking in English essay writing among 1,050 first-year English majors across four colleges.Pedagogical strategies,including facilitating critical responses and emphasizing real-world application,are identified to enhance generative AI’s impact.Both qualitative and quantitative analyses reveal significant post-intervention improvements in critical thinking skills.This research contributes to understanding how generative AI can effectively foster critical thinking in educational settings.
