Zn-based thermal charging devices,utilizing the synergistic effect of ion thermoextraction and thermodiffusion,are able to efficiently convert thermal energy into electrical energy and storage in the devices,making th...Zn-based thermal charging devices,utilizing the synergistic effect of ion thermoextraction and thermodiffusion,are able to efficiently convert thermal energy into electrical energy and storage in the devices,making them a highly promising technology for low-grade heat recovery and utilization.However,the low output power density and energy conversion efficiency resulted by the slow diffusion kinetics of Zn^(2+)hinder their development.Herein,we present a highperformance thermal charging cell design using Zn^(2+)/NH_(4)^(+)hybrid ion electrolyte,which not only maintains the high output voltage of the Zn-based thermoelectric system,but also significantly enhances the output power density due to the fast diffusion kinetics of NH_(4)^(+).Based on this strategy,the thermal charging cell displays a high thermopower of 12.5 mV K^(-1)and an excellent normalized power density of 19.6 mW m^(-2)K^(-2)at a temperature difference of 35 K.The Carnot-relative efficiency is as high as 12.74%.Moreover,it can operate continuously for over 72 h when the temperature difference persists,achieving a balance between thermoelectric conversion and output.This work provides a simple and effective strategy for the design of high-performance thermal charging cells for low-grade heat conversion and utilization.展开更多
Lithium metal batteries(LMBs)are considered the ideal next-generation high-energy-density systems,capable of surpassing the performance of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).However,LMBs suffer from issues such as irreversib...Lithium metal batteries(LMBs)are considered the ideal next-generation high-energy-density systems,capable of surpassing the performance of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).However,LMBs suffer from issues such as irreversible Li deposition/stripping,dendrite growth and significant volume fluctuations.Here,we use doctor blade coating to precisely control the loading of the bulk hard carbon(BHC)host with closed nanopores on carbon-coated copper(CCu)foil to achieve optimal cycling stability and rate performance for Li metal and anode-free battery systems.Through ex/in-situ techniques,we demonstrate that the BHC host induces a continuous intercalation-deposition mechanism,where the pre-lithiated BHC(preliBHC)phase,formed by Li+intercalation,improves Li affinity,accelerates Li+transport,and reduces nucleation overpotential,resulting in uniform Li deposition and effectively suppressing dendrite growth.Furthermore,these characterizations reveal that irreversible Li deintercalation from graphite layers is a key factor leading to the low initial Coulombic efficiency(ICE).Consequently,when coupled with a LiFePO_(4)cathode,the BHC-based full cell retains 96.3% of its capacity after 210 cycles at 1 C,demonstrating exceptional cycling stability.Notably,at-20℃,the full cell maintains 94.2% capacity retention after 60 cycles.These findings deepen the understanding of regulating Li metal deposition mechanisms and offer valuable insights into designing Li metal hosts for improved cycle life and high-rate performance.展开更多
Solid-solid interface contact and slow ion transport restrict solid-state polymer electrolytes practical application.The differences in interface structure design significantly influence the interfacial Li^(+)transpor...Solid-solid interface contact and slow ion transport restrict solid-state polymer electrolytes practical application.The differences in interface structure design significantly influence the interfacial Li^(+)transport and diffusion as well as the Li atom nucleation,resulting in substantial variations in the macroscopic performance of polymer electrolytes-based solid-state Li metal batteries.Here,ceramic-polymer composite electrolytes(CPCEs)composed of polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene(PVDF-HFP)polymer and Li_(6.75)La_(3)Zr_(1.75)Ta_(0.25)O_(12)(LLZTO)filler has been chosen as the demo to demonstrate that the interfacial electrochemistry between CPCEs and Li anode is not only affected by the physical interface contact but also associated with the internal/interfacial Li^(+)transport mechanism.This work shows that“point to point”Li^(+)diffusion,slow uneven interfacial Li^(+)transport in CPCEs with poor ionic conductivity and rough surface lead to uneven Li atom nucleation,leading to Li dendrites growth.While,the CPCEs with high ionic conductivity and smooth surface facilitate uniform and rapid ion transport,promoting uniform Li nucleation and transverse diffusion.This work highlights the importance of the interface structure design of polymer electrolytes for Li metal interface stability in polymer electrolytes-based quasi-solid-state batteries and provides valuable insights into the interfacial electrochemistry of solidstate batteries.展开更多
Anomaly detection(AD)in time series data is widely applied across various industries for monitoring and security applications,emerging as a key research focus within the field of deep learning.While many methods based...Anomaly detection(AD)in time series data is widely applied across various industries for monitoring and security applications,emerging as a key research focus within the field of deep learning.While many methods based on different normality assumptions performwell in specific scenarios,they often neglected the overall normality issue.Some feature extraction methods incorporate pre-training processes but they may not be suitable for time series anomaly detection,leading to decreased performance.Additionally,real-world time series samples are rarely free from noise,making them susceptible to outliers,which further impacts detection accuracy.To address these challenges,we propose a novel anomaly detection method called Robust One-Class Classification Detection(ROC).This approach utilizes an autoencoder(AE)to learn features while constraining the context vectors fromthe AE within a sufficiently small hypersphere,akin to One-Class Classification(OC)methods.By simultaneously optimizing two hypothetical objective functions,ROC captures various aspects of normality.We categorize the input raw time series into clean and outlier sequences,reducing the impact of outliers on compressed feature representation.Experimental results on public datasets indicate that our approach outperforms existing baselinemethods and substantially improves model robustness.展开更多
The solvation structure of Li^(+) in chemical prelithiation reagent plays a key role in improving the low initial Coulombic efficiency(ICE) and poor cycle performance of silicon-based materials. Never theless, the che...The solvation structure of Li^(+) in chemical prelithiation reagent plays a key role in improving the low initial Coulombic efficiency(ICE) and poor cycle performance of silicon-based materials. Never theless, the chemical prelithiation agent is difficult to dope active Li^(+) in silicon-based anodes because of their low working voltage and sluggish Li^(+) diffusion rate. By selecting the lithium–arene complex reagent with 4-methylbiphenyl as an anion ligand and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran as a solvent, the as-prepared micro-sized Si O/C anode can achieve an ICE of nearly 100%. Interestingly, the best prelithium efficiency does not correspond to the lowest redox half-potential(E_(1/2)), and the prelithiation efficiency is determined by the specific influencing factors(E_(1/2), Li^(+) concentration, desolvation energy, and ion diffusion path). In addition, molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate that the ideal prelithiation efficiency can be achieved by choosing appropriate anion ligand and solvent to regulate the solvation structure of Li^(+). Furthermore, the positive effect of prelithiation on cycle performance has been verified by using an in-situ electrochemical dilatometry and solid electrolyte interphase film characterizations.展开更多
Lithium-ion capacitors(LICs),consisting of a capacitor-type material and a battery-type material together with organic electrolytes,are the state-of-the-art electrochemical energy storage devices compared with superca...Lithium-ion capacitors(LICs),consisting of a capacitor-type material and a battery-type material together with organic electrolytes,are the state-of-the-art electrochemical energy storage devices compared with supercapacitors and batteries.Owing to their unique characteristics,LICs received a lot of attentions,and great progresses have been achieved,especially in the exploration of cathode and anode materials.Prelithiation techniques are regarded as indispensable procedures for LICs systems,which can compensate for the initial irreversible capacity loss,increase the Li^(+)concentration in the electrolyte,raise the working voltage and resolve the safety and cycle stability issues;however,its research progress is slow,and there is not enough attention until now.In this overview,we look into the ongoing processes on the recent development of prelithiation technologies,especially in organic electrolyte consumption-type LICs.In particular,some prelithiation strategies for LICs are summarized and discussed in detail,including the ex situ electrochemical method,in situ electrochemical method,and cathode prelithiation additives method.Moreover,we propose some unresolved challenges and prospects for prelithiation technologies from the basic research ideas and future key research directions.This work aims to bring up new insights to reassess the significance of premetallation strategies for advanced hybrid-ion capacitors based on the currently proposed prelithiation strategies.展开更多
Porous materials have attracted great attention in energy and environment applications,such as metal organic frameworks(MOFs),metal aerogels,carbon aerogels,porous metal oxides.These materials could be also hybridized...Porous materials have attracted great attention in energy and environment applications,such as metal organic frameworks(MOFs),metal aerogels,carbon aerogels,porous metal oxides.These materials could be also hybridized with other materials into functional composites with superior properties.The high specific area of porous materials offer them the advantage as hosts to conduct catalytic and electrochemical reactions.On one hand,catalytic reactions include photocatalytic,p ho toe lectrocatalytic and electrocatalytic reactions over some gases.On the other hand,they can be used as electrodes in various batteries,such as alkaline metal ion batteries and electrochemical capacitors.So far,both catalysis and batteries are extremely attractive topics.There are also many obstacles to overcome in the exploration of these porous materials.The research related to porous materials for energy and environment applications is at extremely active stage,and this has motivated us to contribute with a roadmap on ’porous materials for energy and environment applications’.展开更多
Among the various morphologies of carbon-based materials,hollow carbon nanostructures are of particular interest for energy storage.They have been widely investigated as electrode materials in different types of recha...Among the various morphologies of carbon-based materials,hollow carbon nanostructures are of particular interest for energy storage.They have been widely investigated as electrode materials in different types of rechargeable batteries,owing to their high surface areas in association with the high surface-to-volume ratios,controllable pores and pore size distribution,high electrical conductivity,and excellent chemical and mechanical stability,which are beneficial for providing active sites,accelerating electrons/ions transfer,interacting with electrolytes,and giving rise to high specific capacity,rate capability,cycling ability,and overall electrochemical performance.In this overview,we look into the ongoing progresses that are being made with the nanohollow carbon materials,including nanospheres,nanopolyhedrons,and nanofibers,in relation to their applications in the main types of rechargeable batteries.The design and synthesis strategies for them and their electrochemical performance in rechargeable batteries,including lithium-ion batteries,sodium-ion batteries,potassium-ion batteries,and lithium–sulfur batteries are comprehensively reviewed and discussed,together with the challenges being faced and perspectives for them.展开更多
A new cyclic diarylheptanoid, 1,5-epoxy-3-hydroxy-1-（3-methoxy-4,5-dihydroxyphenyl）-7-（4-hydroxyphenyl）-heptane （1）, as well as a new monoterpene, 10-O-β-n-glucopyranosyl-hydroxy cineole （2） were isolated fro...A new cyclic diarylheptanoid, 1,5-epoxy-3-hydroxy-1-（3-methoxy-4,5-dihydroxyphenyl）-7-（4-hydroxyphenyl）-heptane （1）, as well as a new monoterpene, 10-O-β-n-glucopyranosyl-hydroxy cineole （2） were isolated from the rhizomes of Zingiber officinale. The structures of compounds 1 and 2 were established based on their spectral data. In addition, the antioxidant activities of these compounds were also measured.展开更多
Lithium-metal batteries are regarded as the"Holy Grail"of next-generation batteries.However,lithium dendrite and anode volume expansion in cycles seriously hinders lithium-metal battery applications.Herein,w...Lithium-metal batteries are regarded as the"Holy Grail"of next-generation batteries.However,lithium dendrite and anode volume expansion in cycles seriously hinders lithium-metal battery applications.Herein,we propose a precise and efficient strategy for stabilizing lithium-metal batteries via a lithiophilic Ag-modified Cu current host(Li@CuM/Ag).By applying the magnetron sputtering method,the lithiophilic silver layer can be anchored homogeneously on the Cu mesh.The lithiophilic silver layer effectively guides uniform Li deposition in the 3D host and realizes spatial control over Li nucleation.In addition,a dendrite-free lithium anode is successfully realized,which has been proven by in situ optical dynamic tests and Li deposition simulations.The symmetrical cell can maintain a low overpotential(230 mV)and long cycle life(90 h)at a large current of 10 mA cm^(-2)for a plating amount of 3 mAh cm^(-2).Furthermore,Li@CuM/Ag||LiCoO2 cells exhibited a high-capacity retention rate(86.39%)after 150 cycles at 2 C.Lithiophilic hosts based on magnetron sputtering provide a feasible strategy for applications of lithium-metal batteries.展开更多
Three new diarylheptanoids, i.e., sodium（5S,2E）- 1,7-bis（4-hydroxyphenyl）- 1-hydroxy-2-hepten-5 -sulfonate （1）, sodium（5R,2E）-1,7-bis（4-hydroxyphenyl）-1-hydroxy-2-hepten-5-sulfonate （2） and 3,5-diacetoxy-1...Three new diarylheptanoids, i.e., sodium（5S,2E）- 1,7-bis（4-hydroxyphenyl）- 1-hydroxy-2-hepten-5 -sulfonate （1）, sodium（5R,2E）-1,7-bis（4-hydroxyphenyl）-1-hydroxy-2-hepten-5-sulfonate （2） and 3,5-diacetoxy-1-（3-methoxy-4,5-dihydroxyphenyl）-7-（4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl）heptane （3） were isolated from the rhizomes of Zingiber officinale. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods. The antioxidant activities of 3 were assayed by in vitro models involving DPPH free radicals and superoxide anion radicals.展开更多
Hybrid ion capacitors have been considered as a very attractive energy source with high energy density and power density since it combines both merits of lithium ion batteries and supercapacitors. However,their commer...Hybrid ion capacitors have been considered as a very attractive energy source with high energy density and power density since it combines both merits of lithium ion batteries and supercapacitors. However,their commercial application has been limited by the mismatch of charge-storage capacity and electrode kinetics between the capacitor-type cathode and battery-type anode. Herein, B and N dual-doped 3D superstructure carbon cathode is prepared through a facile template method. It delivers a high specific capacity, excellent rate capability and good cycling stability due to the B, N dual-doping, which has a profound effect in control the porosity, functional groups, and electronic conductivity for the carbon cathode. The hybrid ion capacitors using B, N dual-doping carbon cathode and prelithiated graphite anode show a high energy density of 115.5 Wh/kg at 250 W/kg and remain about 53.6 Wh/kg even at a high power density of 10 kW/kg. Additionally, the novel hybrid device achieves 76.3% capacity retention after 2000 cycles tested at 1250 W/kg power density. Significantly, the simultaneous manipulation of heteroatoms in carbon materials provides new opportunities to boost the energy and power density for hybrid ion capacitors.展开更多
Lithium-ion thermoelectrochemical cell(LTEC), featuring simultaneous energy conversion and storage, has emerged as promising candidate for low-grade heat harvesting. However, relatively poor thermosensitivity and heat...Lithium-ion thermoelectrochemical cell(LTEC), featuring simultaneous energy conversion and storage, has emerged as promising candidate for low-grade heat harvesting. However, relatively poor thermosensitivity and heat-to-current behavior limit the application of LTECs using LiPF_6 electrolyte. Introducing additives into bulk electrolyte is a reasonable strategy to solve such problem by modifying the solvation structure of electrolyte ions. In this work, we develop a dual-salt electrolyte with fluorosurfactant(FS) additive to achieve high thermopower and durability of LTECs during the conversion of low-grade heat into electricity. The addition of FS induces a unique Li~+ solvation with the aggregated double anions through a crowded electrolyte environment,resulting in an enhanced mobility kinetics of Li~+ as well as boosted thermoelectrochemical performances. By coupling optimized electrolyte with graphite electrode, a high thermopower of 13.8 mV K^(-1) and a normalized output power density of 3.99 mW m^(–2) K^(–2) as well as an outstanding output energy density of 607.96 J m^(-2) can be obtained.These results demonstrate that the optimization of electrolyte by regulating solvation structure will inject new vitality into the construction of thermoelectrochemical devices with attractive properties.展开更多
Metal-covalent organic frameworks(MCOF)as a bridge between covalent organic framework(COF)and metal organic framework(MOF)possess the characteristics of open metal sites,structure stability,crystallinity,tunability as...Metal-covalent organic frameworks(MCOF)as a bridge between covalent organic framework(COF)and metal organic framework(MOF)possess the characteristics of open metal sites,structure stability,crystallinity,tunability as well as porosity,but still in its infancy.In this work,a covalent organic framework DT-COF with a keto-enamine structure synthesized from the condensation of 3,3'-dihydroxybiphenyl diamine(DHBD)and triformylphloroglucinol(TFP)was coordinated with Cu^(2+)by a simple post-modification method to a obtain a copper-coordinated metal-covalent organic framework of Cu-DT COF.The isomerization from a keto-enamine structure of DT-COF to a enol-imine structure of Cu-DT COF is induced due to the coordination interaction of Cu^(2+).The structure change of Cu-DT COF induces the change of the electron distribution in the Cu-DT COF,which greatly promotes the activation and deep Li-storage behavior of the COF skeleton.As anode material for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),Cu-DT COF exhibits greatly improved electrochemical performance,retaining the specific capacities of 760 mAh g^(-1)after 200 cycles and 505 mAh g^(-1)after 500 cycles at a current density of 0.5 A g^(-1).The preliminary lithium storage mechanism studies indicate that Cu^(2+)is also involved in the lithium storage process.A possible mechanism for Cu-DT COF was proposed on the basis of FT-IR,XPS,EPR characterization and electrochemical analysis.This work enlightens a novel strategy to improve the energy storage performance of COF and promotes the application of COF and MCOF in LIBs.展开更多
Thermal energy is abundantly available in our daily life and industrial production,and especially,low-grade heat is often regarded as a byproduct.Collecting and utilizing this ignored energy by low-cost and simple tec...Thermal energy is abundantly available in our daily life and industrial production,and especially,low-grade heat is often regarded as a byproduct.Collecting and utilizing this ignored energy by low-cost and simple technologies may become a smart countermeasure to relieve the energy crisis.Here,a unique device has been demonstrated to achieve high value-added conversion of low-grade heat by introducing redox-active organic alizarin(AZ)onto N-doped hollow carbon nanofibers(N–HCNF)surface.As-prepared N–HCNF/AZ can deliver a high specific capacitance of 514.3 F g^(-1)(at 1 A g^(-1))and an outstanding rate capability of 60.3%even at 50 A g^(-1).Meanwhile,the assembled symmetric proton capacitor can deliver a high energy density of 28.0 Wh kg^(-1) at 350.0 W kg^(-1) and a maximum power density of 35.0 kW kg^(-1) at 17.0 Wh kg^(-1).Significantly,the thermally chargeable proton capacitors can attain a surprisingly high Seebeck coefficient of 15.3 mV K^(-1) and a power factor of 6.02µW g^(-1).Taking advantage of such high performance,a satisfying open-circuit voltage of 481.0 mV with a temperature difference of 54 K is achieved.This research provides new insights into construction of high value-added energy systems requiring high electrochemical performances.展开更多
Ginger(Zingiber officinale Roscoe)is a well-known functional food rich in bioactive compounds with potent antioxidant properties.Probiotics are live microorganisms that exert beneficial effects on health and are widel...Ginger(Zingiber officinale Roscoe)is a well-known functional food rich in bioactive compounds with potent antioxidant properties.Probiotics are live microorganisms that exert beneficial effects on health and are widely used in fermented foods such as kimchi and yogurt.However,the impact of probiotic fermentation on the antioxidant capacity of ginger juice remains insufficiently studied.This study systematically investigated the effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum AR72 and AR307 fermentation on the antioxidant profile and sensory characteristics of ginger juice using GC-MS and LC-MS analyses.The results showed that fermentation improved the sensory properties of ginger juice by producing new flavour compounds,such as fruity esters,and retaining beneficial terpenes.AR 72 fermentation preserves the antioxidant capacity of natural ginger juice,which may be related to its gingerol content.We believe L.plantarum AR72 can biotransform gingerol compounds(10-gingerol,4-gingerol,8-gingerol,6-shogaol and gingerdione),endowing its fermentation products with excellent antioxidant properties.展开更多
Porous materials,including metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),covalent organic frameworks(COFs),aerogels,and porous metal oxides,have been extensively explored as versatile platforms for energy conversion,storage,and envi...Porous materials,including metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),covalent organic frameworks(COFs),aerogels,and porous metal oxides,have been extensively explored as versatile platforms for energy conversion,storage,and environmental applications.Over the past five years,remarkable advances have been achieved in the design,synthesis,and functional optimization of these materials,opening new opportunities for practical implementation.In this roadmap,we focus on several key subtopics,including MOFs and COFs for supercapacitors and batteries,electrocatalysis and photocatalysis,heterojunction materials for charge separation,advanced electrocatalysts and photocatalysts based on aerogels,carbon aerogels for environmental remediation,and porous metal oxide nanomaterials for electrocatalysis.The current status,challenges,and opportunities in these areas are systematically summarized.Special attention is given to mechanistic insights,stability enhancement,conductivity improvement,and scalable fabrication strategies that are essential for bridging fundamental research and real-world applications.We believe this roadmap will provide valuable suggestions and updated knowledge for researchers,and offer useful inspiration to accelerate the development of porous materials for sustainable energy and environmental technologies toward 2030.展开更多
Linoleic acid(LA)plays a crucial role in various physiological processes,including serving as a precursor for conjugated linoleic acid(CLA)production.However,the effects of high LA stress on CLA-producing bacteria are...Linoleic acid(LA)plays a crucial role in various physiological processes,including serving as a precursor for conjugated linoleic acid(CLA)production.However,the effects of high LA stress on CLA-producing bacteria are not well understood.This study examines the impact of LA on Lactobacillus plantarum metabolism using inte-grated growth experiments and multi-omics analyses.LA integration led to significant lipid metabolism changes,directing it towards three pathways:conversion to CLA,production of prostaglandins(PG),thromboxanes(TX),and leukotrienes(LT)via arachidonic acid metabolism,and incorporation into fatty acid production as lipid sidechain alkyl groups.Additionally,LA stress triggers a stress response,increasing carbohydrate uptake and redi-recting carbon flux to aminosugar and ribose metabolism.This suggests the bacterium is adapting its energy and biosynthetic pathways to maintain homeostasis under stress.In response,L.plantarum employs‘defense’stra-tegies,including strengthening the cell wall,upregulating lipid metabolism,and downregulating carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism,while slowing DNA synthesis and reducing growth and reproduction.These responses prioritize survival and adaptation over rapid growth under LA-induced stress.展开更多
Lithium-sulfur batteries attract much interest as energy storage devices for their low cost, high specific capacity, and energy density. However, the insulating properties of sulfur and high solubility of lithium poly...Lithium-sulfur batteries attract much interest as energy storage devices for their low cost, high specific capacity, and energy density. However, the insulating properties of sulfur and high solubility of lithium polysulfides decrease the utilization of active materials by the battery resulting in poor cycling performance. Herein, we design a multifunctional carbon-nanotube paper/titanium-dioxide barrier which effectively reduces active material loss and suppresses the diffusion of lithium polysulfides to the anode, thereby improving the cycling stability of lithium-sulfur batteries. Using this barrier, an activated carbon/sulfur cathode with 70% sulfur content delivers stable cycling performance and high Coulombic efficiency （-99%） over 250 cycles at a current rate of 0.5 C. The improved electrochemical performance is attributed to the synergistic effects of the carbon nanotube paper and titanium dioxide, involving the physical barrier, chemical adsorption from the binding formation of Ti-S and S-O, and other interactions unique to the titanium dioxide and sulfur species.展开更多
Despite the high energy density of lithium metal batteries(LMBs),their application in rechargeable batteries is still hampered due to insufficient safety.Here,we present a novel flame-retardant solid-state electrolyte...Despite the high energy density of lithium metal batteries(LMBs),their application in rechargeable batteries is still hampered due to insufficient safety.Here,we present a novel flame-retardant solid-state electrolyte based on polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene(PVDF-HFP)with nano SiO_(2)aerogel as an inert filler but Li_(6.4)La_(3)Zr_(1.4)Ta_(0.6)O_(12)(LLZTO)as an auxiliary component to enhance the ion conductivity.The introduction of SiO_(2)aerogels imparts the polymer electrolyte with exceptional thermal stability and flame retardancy.Simultaneously,the interaction between hydroxyl groups of SiO_(2)particles and PVDF-HFP creates a strong cross-linking structure,enhancing the mechanical strength and stability of the electrolyte.Furthermore,the presence of SiO_(2)aerogel and LLZTO facilitates the dissociation of lithium salts through Lewis acid-base interactions,resulting in a high ionic conductivity of 1.01×10^(−3)S·cm^(−1)and a wide electrochemical window of~5.0 V at room temperature for the prepared electrolytes.Remarkably,the assembled Li|Li cell demonstrates the excellent resistance to lithium dendrite and runs stablly for over 1500 h at a current density of 0.25 mA·cm^(−2).Thus,we prepare a pouch cell with high safety,which can work normally after short-circuiting under the external folding and cutting.展开更多
基金supported by the Leading Edge Technology of Jiangsu Province(BK20222009-X.Z.,BK20202008-X.Z.)Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)National Undergraduate Innovation Training Program of NUAA(202410287179Y).
文摘Zn-based thermal charging devices,utilizing the synergistic effect of ion thermoextraction and thermodiffusion,are able to efficiently convert thermal energy into electrical energy and storage in the devices,making them a highly promising technology for low-grade heat recovery and utilization.However,the low output power density and energy conversion efficiency resulted by the slow diffusion kinetics of Zn^(2+)hinder their development.Herein,we present a highperformance thermal charging cell design using Zn^(2+)/NH_(4)^(+)hybrid ion electrolyte,which not only maintains the high output voltage of the Zn-based thermoelectric system,but also significantly enhances the output power density due to the fast diffusion kinetics of NH_(4)^(+).Based on this strategy,the thermal charging cell displays a high thermopower of 12.5 mV K^(-1)and an excellent normalized power density of 19.6 mW m^(-2)K^(-2)at a temperature difference of 35 K.The Carnot-relative efficiency is as high as 12.74%.Moreover,it can operate continuously for over 72 h when the temperature difference persists,achieving a balance between thermoelectric conversion and output.This work provides a simple and effective strategy for the design of high-performance thermal charging cells for low-grade heat conversion and utilization.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFE0109400)Leading Edge Technology of Jiangsu Province(BK20220009,BK20232022)+1 种基金Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)Center for Microscopy and Analysis at Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics。
文摘Lithium metal batteries(LMBs)are considered the ideal next-generation high-energy-density systems,capable of surpassing the performance of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).However,LMBs suffer from issues such as irreversible Li deposition/stripping,dendrite growth and significant volume fluctuations.Here,we use doctor blade coating to precisely control the loading of the bulk hard carbon(BHC)host with closed nanopores on carbon-coated copper(CCu)foil to achieve optimal cycling stability and rate performance for Li metal and anode-free battery systems.Through ex/in-situ techniques,we demonstrate that the BHC host induces a continuous intercalation-deposition mechanism,where the pre-lithiated BHC(preliBHC)phase,formed by Li+intercalation,improves Li affinity,accelerates Li+transport,and reduces nucleation overpotential,resulting in uniform Li deposition and effectively suppressing dendrite growth.Furthermore,these characterizations reveal that irreversible Li deintercalation from graphite layers is a key factor leading to the low initial Coulombic efficiency(ICE).Consequently,when coupled with a LiFePO_(4)cathode,the BHC-based full cell retains 96.3% of its capacity after 210 cycles at 1 C,demonstrating exceptional cycling stability.Notably,at-20℃,the full cell maintains 94.2% capacity retention after 60 cycles.These findings deepen the understanding of regulating Li metal deposition mechanisms and offer valuable insights into designing Li metal hosts for improved cycle life and high-rate performance.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project Intergovernmental International Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation(2022YFE0109400)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFB2405800)Leading Edge Technology of Jiangsu Province(BK20232022,BK20220009)。
文摘Solid-solid interface contact and slow ion transport restrict solid-state polymer electrolytes practical application.The differences in interface structure design significantly influence the interfacial Li^(+)transport and diffusion as well as the Li atom nucleation,resulting in substantial variations in the macroscopic performance of polymer electrolytes-based solid-state Li metal batteries.Here,ceramic-polymer composite electrolytes(CPCEs)composed of polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene(PVDF-HFP)polymer and Li_(6.75)La_(3)Zr_(1.75)Ta_(0.25)O_(12)(LLZTO)filler has been chosen as the demo to demonstrate that the interfacial electrochemistry between CPCEs and Li anode is not only affected by the physical interface contact but also associated with the internal/interfacial Li^(+)transport mechanism.This work shows that“point to point”Li^(+)diffusion,slow uneven interfacial Li^(+)transport in CPCEs with poor ionic conductivity and rough surface lead to uneven Li atom nucleation,leading to Li dendrites growth.While,the CPCEs with high ionic conductivity and smooth surface facilitate uniform and rapid ion transport,promoting uniform Li nucleation and transverse diffusion.This work highlights the importance of the interface structure design of polymer electrolytes for Li metal interface stability in polymer electrolytes-based quasi-solid-state batteries and provides valuable insights into the interfacial electrochemistry of solidstate batteries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(62202118)Guizhou Province Major Project(Qiankehe Major Project[2024]014)+3 种基金Science and Scientific and Technological Research Projects from Guizhou Education Department(Qianiao ji[2023]003)Hundred-level Innovative Talent Project of Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Department(Qiankehe Platform Talent-GCC[2023]018)Guizhou Province Major Project(Qiankehe Major Project[2024]003)Foundation of Chongqing Key Laboratory of Public Big Data Security Technology(CQKL-QJ202300001).
文摘Anomaly detection(AD)in time series data is widely applied across various industries for monitoring and security applications,emerging as a key research focus within the field of deep learning.While many methods based on different normality assumptions performwell in specific scenarios,they often neglected the overall normality issue.Some feature extraction methods incorporate pre-training processes but they may not be suitable for time series anomaly detection,leading to decreased performance.Additionally,real-world time series samples are rarely free from noise,making them susceptible to outliers,which further impacts detection accuracy.To address these challenges,we propose a novel anomaly detection method called Robust One-Class Classification Detection(ROC).This approach utilizes an autoencoder(AE)to learn features while constraining the context vectors fromthe AE within a sufficiently small hypersphere,akin to One-Class Classification(OC)methods.By simultaneously optimizing two hypothetical objective functions,ROC captures various aspects of normality.We categorize the input raw time series into clean and outlier sequences,reducing the impact of outliers on compressed feature representation.Experimental results on public datasets indicate that our approach outperforms existing baselinemethods and substantially improves model robustness.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21875107, U1802256, and 22209204)Leading Edge Technology of Jiangsu Province (BK20220009), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20221140)+2 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2022M713364)Jiangsu Specially Appointed Professors ProgramPriority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)。
文摘The solvation structure of Li^(+) in chemical prelithiation reagent plays a key role in improving the low initial Coulombic efficiency(ICE) and poor cycle performance of silicon-based materials. Never theless, the chemical prelithiation agent is difficult to dope active Li^(+) in silicon-based anodes because of their low working voltage and sluggish Li^(+) diffusion rate. By selecting the lithium–arene complex reagent with 4-methylbiphenyl as an anion ligand and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran as a solvent, the as-prepared micro-sized Si O/C anode can achieve an ICE of nearly 100%. Interestingly, the best prelithium efficiency does not correspond to the lowest redox half-potential(E_(1/2)), and the prelithiation efficiency is determined by the specific influencing factors(E_(1/2), Li^(+) concentration, desolvation energy, and ion diffusion path). In addition, molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate that the ideal prelithiation efficiency can be achieved by choosing appropriate anion ligand and solvent to regulate the solvation structure of Li^(+). Furthermore, the positive effect of prelithiation on cycle performance has been verified by using an in-situ electrochemical dilatometry and solid electrolyte interphase film characterizations.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U1802256,21975283,21773118 and 21875107)the Key Research and Development Program in Jiangsu Province(No.BE2018122)+1 种基金the general research Project of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Coal-based Greenhouse Gas Control and Utilization(No.2022KF03)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2022QN1088)。
文摘Lithium-ion capacitors(LICs),consisting of a capacitor-type material and a battery-type material together with organic electrolytes,are the state-of-the-art electrochemical energy storage devices compared with supercapacitors and batteries.Owing to their unique characteristics,LICs received a lot of attentions,and great progresses have been achieved,especially in the exploration of cathode and anode materials.Prelithiation techniques are regarded as indispensable procedures for LICs systems,which can compensate for the initial irreversible capacity loss,increase the Li^(+)concentration in the electrolyte,raise the working voltage and resolve the safety and cycle stability issues;however,its research progress is slow,and there is not enough attention until now.In this overview,we look into the ongoing processes on the recent development of prelithiation technologies,especially in organic electrolyte consumption-type LICs.In particular,some prelithiation strategies for LICs are summarized and discussed in detail,including the ex situ electrochemical method,in situ electrochemical method,and cathode prelithiation additives method.Moreover,we propose some unresolved challenges and prospects for prelithiation technologies from the basic research ideas and future key research directions.This work aims to bring up new insights to reassess the significance of premetallation strategies for advanced hybrid-ion capacitors based on the currently proposed prelithiation strategies.
基金financially support by an Australian Research Council (ARC) Discovery Project (No. DP200100965)a Griffith University Postdoctoral Fellowship
文摘Porous materials have attracted great attention in energy and environment applications,such as metal organic frameworks(MOFs),metal aerogels,carbon aerogels,porous metal oxides.These materials could be also hybridized with other materials into functional composites with superior properties.The high specific area of porous materials offer them the advantage as hosts to conduct catalytic and electrochemical reactions.On one hand,catalytic reactions include photocatalytic,p ho toe lectrocatalytic and electrocatalytic reactions over some gases.On the other hand,they can be used as electrodes in various batteries,such as alkaline metal ion batteries and electrochemical capacitors.So far,both catalysis and batteries are extremely attractive topics.There are also many obstacles to overcome in the exploration of these porous materials.The research related to porous materials for energy and environment applications is at extremely active stage,and this has motivated us to contribute with a roadmap on ’porous materials for energy and environment applications’.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1802256,51672128,21773118,21875107,51802154)the Key Research and Development Program in Jiangsu Province(BE2018122)+3 种基金Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD).Prof.John Wang and team acknowledge the support by MOE,Singapore Ministry of Education(MOE2018-T2-2-095),for research conducted at the National University of SingaporeMr.Jiangmin Jiang would like to acknowledge the financial support from the Funding of Outstanding Doctoral Dissertation in NUAA(BCXJ19-07)Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX19_0174)China Scholarship Council(201906830060).
文摘Among the various morphologies of carbon-based materials,hollow carbon nanostructures are of particular interest for energy storage.They have been widely investigated as electrode materials in different types of rechargeable batteries,owing to their high surface areas in association with the high surface-to-volume ratios,controllable pores and pore size distribution,high electrical conductivity,and excellent chemical and mechanical stability,which are beneficial for providing active sites,accelerating electrons/ions transfer,interacting with electrolytes,and giving rise to high specific capacity,rate capability,cycling ability,and overall electrochemical performance.In this overview,we look into the ongoing progresses that are being made with the nanohollow carbon materials,including nanospheres,nanopolyhedrons,and nanofibers,in relation to their applications in the main types of rechargeable batteries.The design and synthesis strategies for them and their electrochemical performance in rechargeable batteries,including lithium-ion batteries,sodium-ion batteries,potassium-ion batteries,and lithium–sulfur batteries are comprehensively reviewed and discussed,together with the challenges being faced and perspectives for them.
文摘A new cyclic diarylheptanoid, 1,5-epoxy-3-hydroxy-1-（3-methoxy-4,5-dihydroxyphenyl）-7-（4-hydroxyphenyl）-heptane （1）, as well as a new monoterpene, 10-O-β-n-glucopyranosyl-hydroxy cineole （2） were isolated from the rhizomes of Zingiber officinale. The structures of compounds 1 and 2 were established based on their spectral data. In addition, the antioxidant activities of these compounds were also measured.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1802256,21875107)the Basic Research Program of Frontier Leading Technologies in Jiangsu Province(BK20202008)+1 种基金the Free Exploration Basic Research Project in Shenzhen Virtual University Park(2021Szvup062)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD).
文摘Lithium-metal batteries are regarded as the"Holy Grail"of next-generation batteries.However,lithium dendrite and anode volume expansion in cycles seriously hinders lithium-metal battery applications.Herein,we propose a precise and efficient strategy for stabilizing lithium-metal batteries via a lithiophilic Ag-modified Cu current host(Li@CuM/Ag).By applying the magnetron sputtering method,the lithiophilic silver layer can be anchored homogeneously on the Cu mesh.The lithiophilic silver layer effectively guides uniform Li deposition in the 3D host and realizes spatial control over Li nucleation.In addition,a dendrite-free lithium anode is successfully realized,which has been proven by in situ optical dynamic tests and Li deposition simulations.The symmetrical cell can maintain a low overpotential(230 mV)and long cycle life(90 h)at a large current of 10 mA cm^(-2)for a plating amount of 3 mAh cm^(-2).Furthermore,Li@CuM/Ag||LiCoO2 cells exhibited a high-capacity retention rate(86.39%)after 150 cycles at 2 C.Lithiophilic hosts based on magnetron sputtering provide a feasible strategy for applications of lithium-metal batteries.
文摘Three new diarylheptanoids, i.e., sodium（5S,2E）- 1,7-bis（4-hydroxyphenyl）- 1-hydroxy-2-hepten-5 -sulfonate （1）, sodium（5R,2E）-1,7-bis（4-hydroxyphenyl）-1-hydroxy-2-hepten-5-sulfonate （2） and 3,5-diacetoxy-1-（3-methoxy-4,5-dihydroxyphenyl）-7-（4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl）heptane （3） were isolated from the rhizomes of Zingiber officinale. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods. The antioxidant activities of 3 were assayed by in vitro models involving DPPH free radicals and superoxide anion radicals.
基金financial support from the National Program on Key Basic Research Project of China (No. 2014CB239701)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51372116, 51672128, 21773118)+1 种基金Prospective Joint Research Project of Cooperative Innovation Fund of Jiangsu Province (No. BY2015003-7)Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)
文摘Hybrid ion capacitors have been considered as a very attractive energy source with high energy density and power density since it combines both merits of lithium ion batteries and supercapacitors. However,their commercial application has been limited by the mismatch of charge-storage capacity and electrode kinetics between the capacitor-type cathode and battery-type anode. Herein, B and N dual-doped 3D superstructure carbon cathode is prepared through a facile template method. It delivers a high specific capacity, excellent rate capability and good cycling stability due to the B, N dual-doping, which has a profound effect in control the porosity, functional groups, and electronic conductivity for the carbon cathode. The hybrid ion capacitors using B, N dual-doping carbon cathode and prelithiated graphite anode show a high energy density of 115.5 Wh/kg at 250 W/kg and remain about 53.6 Wh/kg even at a high power density of 10 kW/kg. Additionally, the novel hybrid device achieves 76.3% capacity retention after 2000 cycles tested at 1250 W/kg power density. Significantly, the simultaneous manipulation of heteroatoms in carbon materials provides new opportunities to boost the energy and power density for hybrid ion capacitors.
基金supported by the Leading Edge Technology of Jiangsu Province (BK20220009, BK20202008)Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)。
文摘Lithium-ion thermoelectrochemical cell(LTEC), featuring simultaneous energy conversion and storage, has emerged as promising candidate for low-grade heat harvesting. However, relatively poor thermosensitivity and heat-to-current behavior limit the application of LTECs using LiPF_6 electrolyte. Introducing additives into bulk electrolyte is a reasonable strategy to solve such problem by modifying the solvation structure of electrolyte ions. In this work, we develop a dual-salt electrolyte with fluorosurfactant(FS) additive to achieve high thermopower and durability of LTECs during the conversion of low-grade heat into electricity. The addition of FS induces a unique Li~+ solvation with the aggregated double anions through a crowded electrolyte environment,resulting in an enhanced mobility kinetics of Li~+ as well as boosted thermoelectrochemical performances. By coupling optimized electrolyte with graphite electrode, a high thermopower of 13.8 mV K^(-1) and a normalized output power density of 3.99 mW m^(–2) K^(–2) as well as an outstanding output energy density of 607.96 J m^(-2) can be obtained.These results demonstrate that the optimization of electrolyte by regulating solvation structure will inject new vitality into the construction of thermoelectrochemical devices with attractive properties.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project Intergovernmental International Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation(2022YFE0109400)Leading Edge Technology of Jiangsu Province(BK20220009,BK20202008)+1 种基金a Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)the tests supported from Center for Microscopy and Analysis,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
文摘Metal-covalent organic frameworks(MCOF)as a bridge between covalent organic framework(COF)and metal organic framework(MOF)possess the characteristics of open metal sites,structure stability,crystallinity,tunability as well as porosity,but still in its infancy.In this work,a covalent organic framework DT-COF with a keto-enamine structure synthesized from the condensation of 3,3'-dihydroxybiphenyl diamine(DHBD)and triformylphloroglucinol(TFP)was coordinated with Cu^(2+)by a simple post-modification method to a obtain a copper-coordinated metal-covalent organic framework of Cu-DT COF.The isomerization from a keto-enamine structure of DT-COF to a enol-imine structure of Cu-DT COF is induced due to the coordination interaction of Cu^(2+).The structure change of Cu-DT COF induces the change of the electron distribution in the Cu-DT COF,which greatly promotes the activation and deep Li-storage behavior of the COF skeleton.As anode material for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),Cu-DT COF exhibits greatly improved electrochemical performance,retaining the specific capacities of 760 mAh g^(-1)after 200 cycles and 505 mAh g^(-1)after 500 cycles at a current density of 0.5 A g^(-1).The preliminary lithium storage mechanism studies indicate that Cu^(2+)is also involved in the lithium storage process.A possible mechanism for Cu-DT COF was proposed on the basis of FT-IR,XPS,EPR characterization and electrochemical analysis.This work enlightens a novel strategy to improve the energy storage performance of COF and promotes the application of COF and MCOF in LIBs.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1802256,21773118)Leading Edge Technology of Jiangsu Province(BK20202008)+1 种基金Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX21_0204)Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD).
文摘Thermal energy is abundantly available in our daily life and industrial production,and especially,low-grade heat is often regarded as a byproduct.Collecting and utilizing this ignored energy by low-cost and simple technologies may become a smart countermeasure to relieve the energy crisis.Here,a unique device has been demonstrated to achieve high value-added conversion of low-grade heat by introducing redox-active organic alizarin(AZ)onto N-doped hollow carbon nanofibers(N–HCNF)surface.As-prepared N–HCNF/AZ can deliver a high specific capacitance of 514.3 F g^(-1)(at 1 A g^(-1))and an outstanding rate capability of 60.3%even at 50 A g^(-1).Meanwhile,the assembled symmetric proton capacitor can deliver a high energy density of 28.0 Wh kg^(-1) at 350.0 W kg^(-1) and a maximum power density of 35.0 kW kg^(-1) at 17.0 Wh kg^(-1).Significantly,the thermally chargeable proton capacitors can attain a surprisingly high Seebeck coefficient of 15.3 mV K^(-1) and a power factor of 6.02µW g^(-1).Taking advantage of such high performance,a satisfying open-circuit voltage of 481.0 mV with a temperature difference of 54 K is achieved.This research provides new insights into construction of high value-added energy systems requiring high electrochemical performances.
基金funded by National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(No.32025029)Jinan“New University 20 Article Projects”:Research and Demonstration of Key Technologies for Functional Probiotic Fermentation(No.2021GXRC057)+3 种基金Wuxi Industrial Innovation Research Institute Pilot Technology Pre-research Project(No.XD23001)Shanghai Education committee scientific research innovation projects,China(No.2101070007800120)Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology(No.19DZ2281100)Program of Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Technology for Special Forest Fruits(No.202305AG070001).
文摘Ginger(Zingiber officinale Roscoe)is a well-known functional food rich in bioactive compounds with potent antioxidant properties.Probiotics are live microorganisms that exert beneficial effects on health and are widely used in fermented foods such as kimchi and yogurt.However,the impact of probiotic fermentation on the antioxidant capacity of ginger juice remains insufficiently studied.This study systematically investigated the effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum AR72 and AR307 fermentation on the antioxidant profile and sensory characteristics of ginger juice using GC-MS and LC-MS analyses.The results showed that fermentation improved the sensory properties of ginger juice by producing new flavour compounds,such as fruity esters,and retaining beneficial terpenes.AR 72 fermentation preserves the antioxidant capacity of natural ginger juice,which may be related to its gingerol content.We believe L.plantarum AR72 can biotransform gingerol compounds(10-gingerol,4-gingerol,8-gingerol,6-shogaol and gingerdione),endowing its fermentation products with excellent antioxidant properties.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52272287,22268003,12275199)the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation(No.FFUG-2024-0036),which facilitated their contribution to this roadmap+4 种基金National Key Research and Development Project Intergovernmental International Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation(No.2022YFE0109400)National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFB2405800)Leading Edge Technology of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20220009)Southeast University New Teacher Start-up Fund(No.4,003002412)project of Jiangsu Distinguished Professor(No.4,203002405)for financial support。
文摘Porous materials,including metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),covalent organic frameworks(COFs),aerogels,and porous metal oxides,have been extensively explored as versatile platforms for energy conversion,storage,and environmental applications.Over the past five years,remarkable advances have been achieved in the design,synthesis,and functional optimization of these materials,opening new opportunities for practical implementation.In this roadmap,we focus on several key subtopics,including MOFs and COFs for supercapacitors and batteries,electrocatalysis and photocatalysis,heterojunction materials for charge separation,advanced electrocatalysts and photocatalysts based on aerogels,carbon aerogels for environmental remediation,and porous metal oxide nanomaterials for electrocatalysis.The current status,challenges,and opportunities in these areas are systematically summarized.Special attention is given to mechanistic insights,stability enhancement,conductivity improvement,and scalable fabrication strategies that are essential for bridging fundamental research and real-world applications.We believe this roadmap will provide valuable suggestions and updated knowledge for researchers,and offer useful inspiration to accelerate the development of porous materials for sustainable energy and environmental technologies toward 2030.
基金sponsored by the Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant No.32101922,31871757,U22A20550]Shanghai Engineering Research Center of food microbiology program[19DZ2281100].
文摘Linoleic acid(LA)plays a crucial role in various physiological processes,including serving as a precursor for conjugated linoleic acid(CLA)production.However,the effects of high LA stress on CLA-producing bacteria are not well understood.This study examines the impact of LA on Lactobacillus plantarum metabolism using inte-grated growth experiments and multi-omics analyses.LA integration led to significant lipid metabolism changes,directing it towards three pathways:conversion to CLA,production of prostaglandins(PG),thromboxanes(TX),and leukotrienes(LT)via arachidonic acid metabolism,and incorporation into fatty acid production as lipid sidechain alkyl groups.Additionally,LA stress triggers a stress response,increasing carbohydrate uptake and redi-recting carbon flux to aminosugar and ribose metabolism.This suggests the bacterium is adapting its energy and biosynthetic pathways to maintain homeostasis under stress.In response,L.plantarum employs‘defense’stra-tegies,including strengthening the cell wall,upregulating lipid metabolism,and downregulating carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism,while slowing DNA synthesis and reducing growth and reproduction.These responses prioritize survival and adaptation over rapid growth under LA-induced stress.
文摘Lithium-sulfur batteries attract much interest as energy storage devices for their low cost, high specific capacity, and energy density. However, the insulating properties of sulfur and high solubility of lithium polysulfides decrease the utilization of active materials by the battery resulting in poor cycling performance. Herein, we design a multifunctional carbon-nanotube paper/titanium-dioxide barrier which effectively reduces active material loss and suppresses the diffusion of lithium polysulfides to the anode, thereby improving the cycling stability of lithium-sulfur batteries. Using this barrier, an activated carbon/sulfur cathode with 70% sulfur content delivers stable cycling performance and high Coulombic efficiency （-99%） over 250 cycles at a current rate of 0.5 C. The improved electrochemical performance is attributed to the synergistic effects of the carbon nanotube paper and titanium dioxide, involving the physical barrier, chemical adsorption from the binding formation of Ti-S and S-O, and other interactions unique to the titanium dioxide and sulfur species.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program Intergovernmental International Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation(No.2022YFE0109400)Leading Edge Technology of Jiangsu Province(Nos.BK20202008 and BK20220009)Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD).
文摘Despite the high energy density of lithium metal batteries(LMBs),their application in rechargeable batteries is still hampered due to insufficient safety.Here,we present a novel flame-retardant solid-state electrolyte based on polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene(PVDF-HFP)with nano SiO_(2)aerogel as an inert filler but Li_(6.4)La_(3)Zr_(1.4)Ta_(0.6)O_(12)(LLZTO)as an auxiliary component to enhance the ion conductivity.The introduction of SiO_(2)aerogels imparts the polymer electrolyte with exceptional thermal stability and flame retardancy.Simultaneously,the interaction between hydroxyl groups of SiO_(2)particles and PVDF-HFP creates a strong cross-linking structure,enhancing the mechanical strength and stability of the electrolyte.Furthermore,the presence of SiO_(2)aerogel and LLZTO facilitates the dissociation of lithium salts through Lewis acid-base interactions,resulting in a high ionic conductivity of 1.01×10^(−3)S·cm^(−1)and a wide electrochemical window of~5.0 V at room temperature for the prepared electrolytes.Remarkably,the assembled Li|Li cell demonstrates the excellent resistance to lithium dendrite and runs stablly for over 1500 h at a current density of 0.25 mA·cm^(−2).Thus,we prepare a pouch cell with high safety,which can work normally after short-circuiting under the external folding and cutting.
