Biodiversity constitutes the fundamental cornerstone of ecosystem stability and resilience,furnishing indispensable services that encompass food production,the provision of clean water,climate regulation and the contr...Biodiversity constitutes the fundamental cornerstone of ecosystem stability and resilience,furnishing indispensable services that encompass food production,the provision of clean water,climate regulation and the control of disease.Nonetheless,the planet is currently experiencing an unprecedented biodiversity crisis.展开更多
电化学储能(electrochemical energy storage,EES)机组不同于传统高压设备,差异主要有两点,一为有源设备,二为积木式结构,如直挂35kV EES机组,单相约有25~50个子模块,过电压在EES机组内的传播与分布、EES机组的过电压保护方案、绝缘配...电化学储能(electrochemical energy storage,EES)机组不同于传统高压设备,差异主要有两点,一为有源设备,二为积木式结构,如直挂35kV EES机组,单相约有25~50个子模块,过电压在EES机组内的传播与分布、EES机组的过电压保护方案、绝缘配合及绝缘耐压试验都有新的特征。该文以29个子模块级联后直挂交流35kV的EES机组为例,计算分析了雷电冲击、标准操作冲击、陡波及长波操作冲击下EES机组的过电压分布,包括主回路极对地过电压分布及沿子模块链的纵向过电压分布。文中根据承担电压的特征,将EES机组绝缘分为对地绝缘和纵绝缘(相邻部件间的绝缘)。结果显示,雷电冲击主要作用于极对地绝缘。为了限制EES机组极对地绝缘的雷电过电压幅值,至少需两组避雷器,一组安装在母线,另一组安装在EES机组的交流高压出线。通过合理配置避雷器,各子模块极对地的最大雷电过电压幅值基本相同,只是发生频次有所差异,靠近电网一侧的频次更高。操作冲击下极对地过电压低于雷电冲击,但会在EES机组的纵绝缘上产生过电压,子模块两极间过电压可达稳态电压峰值的1.6倍左右,并产生大约5kA的过电流。最后,文中针对EES机组提出了由子模块代替EES机组整机进行绝缘耐压试验的理论依据和方法,并基于高斯分布给出了EES机组绝缘配合因数的确定原则。该文提出的EES机组雷电过电压保护方案、绝缘配合因数及绝缘耐压试验方法可作为EES机组绝缘设计及绝缘安全实证的重要参考。展开更多
考虑风电场出力及负荷预测的不确定性,利用机会约束思想建立了含风电场的电网规划模型。以线路投资费用最少为规划目标,采用基于Monte Carlo模拟的直流概率潮流判断规划方案是否违反支路功率约束。同时把风电场并网公共连接点(point of ...考虑风电场出力及负荷预测的不确定性,利用机会约束思想建立了含风电场的电网规划模型。以线路投资费用最少为规划目标,采用基于Monte Carlo模拟的直流概率潮流判断规划方案是否违反支路功率约束。同时把风电场并网公共连接点(point of common coupling,PCC)处的电压闪变水平作为规划目标加入目标函数中。利用基本遗传算法(genetic algorithm,GA)对规划模型进行了求解。基于Garver6节点系统的仿真结果表明:可以在不显著增加电网投资的情况下,大幅度降低PCC处的电压闪变水平。展开更多
目的基于深度学习算法开发和验证可评估肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)患者预后的预测模型,并评估其价值。方法选择2011年1月—2015年12月美国国立癌症研究所的监测、流行病学和最终结果(Surveillance,Epidemiology and Result...目的基于深度学习算法开发和验证可评估肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)患者预后的预测模型,并评估其价值。方法选择2011年1月—2015年12月美国国立癌症研究所的监测、流行病学和最终结果(Surveillance,Epidemiology and Results,SEER)数据库中经病理确诊的HCC患者为训练队列用于构建模型,选择同期在本院经病理确诊的HCC患者为外部验证队列用于评估模型。主要预测结局为1、3、5年总生存率。分别使用深度学习算法DeepSurv、随机生存森林(RFS)、Cox比例风险回归开发模型,使用C-index评价模型的区分度,一致性曲线评估模型的校准度,log-rank检验评估危险分层能力。结果训练队列9730例患者和外部验证队列405例患者被纳入分析。在训练队列中,DeepSurv算法1、3、5年的C-index分别为0.85(95%CI:0.80~0.90)、0.82(95%CI:0.77~0.89)、0.80(95%CI:0.73~0.87),在外部验证队列中分别为0.83(95%CI:0.78~0.87)、0.79(95%CI:0.74~0.83)、0.72(95%CI:0.67~0.77)。无论在训练队列还是外部验证队列中,DeepSurv算法的C-index和校准度均优于RFS、Cox回归和TNM分期(均P<0.05);log-rank检验显示,DeepSurv算法具有良好的危险分层能力(P<0.001)。结论基于深度学习算法DeepSurv开发的预测模型可有效预测HCC患者死亡率,且优于常规的算法和预后评价指标。展开更多
To further enhance the recovery rate of low-temperature waste heat,the low-temperature flue gas in the sinter annular cooler was chosen as the heat source of an organic Rankine cycle(ORC)system,and the comprehensive e...To further enhance the recovery rate of low-temperature waste heat,the low-temperature flue gas in the sinter annular cooler was chosen as the heat source of an organic Rankine cycle(ORC)system,and the comprehensive evaluation of energy,exergy and economic performance of the ORC system was conducted deeply.The energy,exergy and economic performance models of the ORC system were established,and proper candidate organic working fluids(OWFs)were selected based on the thermo-physical properties of OWF and operating characteristics of ORC system.Then,the effects of ORC crucial parameters on the system energy,exergy and economic performances were evaluated in detail.Finally,the bi-objective optimization based on the genetic algorithm was conducted to analyze the optimal performance of the ORC system under the designed ORC crucial parameters,and the exergy efficiency and electricity production cost were set as the evaluation indexes of parametric optimization.The results indicate that the ORC system with the higher evaporation temperature and lower condensation temperature can obtain the larger system exergy efficiency and smaller electricity production cost.The smaller the superheat degree of OWF and pinch-point temperature difference in the evaporator are,the better the energy and exergy performances of the ORC system are.Under the optimization results,R245fa has the best comprehensive performance with the exergy efficiency of 46.34%and electricity production cost of 0.12123$/kWh among the selected candidate OWFs,which should be preferentially chosen as the OWF of the ORC system.展开更多
BACKGROUND Understanding the status and function of tumor-infiltrating immune cells is essential for improving immunotherapeutic effects and predicting the clinical response in human patients with carcinoma.However,li...BACKGROUND Understanding the status and function of tumor-infiltrating immune cells is essential for improving immunotherapeutic effects and predicting the clinical response in human patients with carcinoma.However,little is known about tumor-infiltrating immune cells,and the corresponding research results in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)are limited.AIM To investigate potential biomarker genes that are important for the development of HCC and to understand how immune cell subsets react throughout this process.METHODS Using single-cell RNA sequencing and T-cell receptor sequencing,the heterogeneity and potential functions of immune cell subpopulations from HCC tissue and normal tissue adjacent to carcinoma,as well as their possible interactions,were analyzed.RESULTS Eight T-cell clusters from patients were analyzed and identified using bioinformatics,including six typical major Tcell clusters and two newly identified T-cell clusters,among which Fc epsilon receptor 1G+T cells were characterized by the upregulation of Fc epsilon receptor 1G,tyrosine kinase binding protein,and T cell receptor delta constant,whereas metallothionein 1E+T cells proliferated significantly in tumors.Differentially expressed genes,such as regulator of cell cycle,cysteine and serine rich nuclear protein 1,SMAD7 and metallothionein 1E,were identified as significantly upregulated in tumors and have potential as biomarkers.In association with T-cell receptor analysis,we inferred the clonal expansion characteristics of each T-cell cluster in HCC patients.CONCLUSION We identified lymphocyte subpopulations and potential biomarker genes critical for HCC development and revealed the clonal amplification of infiltrating T cells.These data provide valuable resources for understanding the response of immune cell subsets in HCC.展开更多
One-third of the global population is affected by micronutrient deficiency, particularly folate. Although folate synthesis has been relatively well characterized, few folate-related genes in maize have been cloned, an...One-third of the global population is affected by micronutrient deficiency, particularly folate. Although folate synthesis has been relatively well characterized, few folate-related genes in maize have been cloned, and the molecular mechanism regulating folate synthesis in maize remains unclear. In this study,transcriptome and proteome analyses of three waxy maize inbred lines with high, medium, and low folate contents were performed to identify key genes controlling folate biosynthesis. Pairwise comparisons revealed 21 differentially expressed genes and 20 differentially expressed proteins potentially associated with folate biosynthesis in the three lines. Six key folate-associated genes, Zm Mocos2, Zm GGH,Zm ADCL2, Zm CBR1, Zm SHMT, and Zm Pur H, were identified. These genes encode enzymes that potentially function in folate biosynthesis. Functional validation of one of these genes, Zm ADCL2, using an EMS mutant(Mut9264) showed that a 4-base insertion in an exon increased the folate content of fresh maize kernels 1.37-fold that of the wild type. Zm ADCL2 was considered a potential target for generating maize lines with higher folate content. KEGG enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes and proteins showed that several pathways in addition to folate biosynthesis were likely indirectly involved in folate metabolism and content(e.g., glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism;purine metabolism;cysteine and methionine metabolism;alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism;glutathione metabolism;and pyruvate metabolism. The transcriptome and proteomic data generated in this study will help to clarify the mechanisms underlying folate accumulation and aid breeding efforts to biofortify maize with folate.展开更多
目的:通过观察沉默瞬时受体阳离子通道亚家族V成员6(transient receptor potential cation channel,subfamily V member 6,TRPV6)对结肠癌SW480细胞生物学行为的影响和细胞内钙的浓度变化,以及1,25(OH)_2D_3、CaCl_2及CuCl_2在SD大鼠结...目的:通过观察沉默瞬时受体阳离子通道亚家族V成员6(transient receptor potential cation channel,subfamily V member 6,TRPV6)对结肠癌SW480细胞生物学行为的影响和细胞内钙的浓度变化,以及1,25(OH)_2D_3、CaCl_2及CuCl_2在SD大鼠结肠肿瘤模型建立中的影响,探索TRPV6在结肠癌发生过程中的相关作用,为结肠癌的防治寻找新的靶点。方法:通过构建慢病毒颗粒感染结肠癌SW480细胞,采用免疫组织化学法、Western bolt、PCR技术检测TRPV6蛋白及m RNA的表达,MTT法、迁移及凋亡实验观察结肠癌SW480细胞增殖、迁移及凋亡变化,高速离子成像系统测定结肠癌SW480细胞内的Ca^(2+)浓度变化。以二甲基肼(dimethyl hydrazine,DMH)建立SD大鼠结肠肿瘤模型,分为实验组(DMH组)和干预组[(DMH+1,25(OH)_2D_3组、DMH+CuCl_2组)]、对照组,干预组分别予1,25(OH)_2D_3(37.5 nmol/kg)、CuCl2(375μmol/kg)对模型进行干预。观察各组大鼠结肠腺瘤及腺癌的发生情况,Western blot检测各组结肠组织中TRPV6蛋白的表达情况。结果:TRPV6-RNAi转染结肠癌SW480细胞后,TRPV6 m RNA及蛋白表达减少,细胞Ca^(2+)浓度水平降低,结肠癌SW480细胞的增殖率、迁移能力下降,细胞凋亡率增加,与空白对照组及阴性对照组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组大鼠成瘤率为0,DMH+1,25(OH)_2D_3组为100%,DMH组为84.62%,DMH+CuCl_2组为33.33%。各组大鼠大肠中均有TRPV6蛋白的表达,表达情况为DMH+1,25(OH)_2D_3组>DMH组>DMH+CuCl_2组>对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:降低结肠癌SW480细胞Ca^(2+)浓度水平可抑制结肠癌SW480细胞的增殖、迁移能力,诱导细胞凋亡。1,25(OH)_2D_3可以增加实验鼠结肠组织TRPV6蛋白表达,促进结肠肿瘤的形成。CuCl_2可以使实验鼠结肠组织中的TRPV6蛋白表达降低,并抑制结肠肿瘤的形成。展开更多
基金supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation-Special Program on Biodiversity(2023B0303050001).
文摘Biodiversity constitutes the fundamental cornerstone of ecosystem stability and resilience,furnishing indispensable services that encompass food production,the provision of clean water,climate regulation and the control of disease.Nonetheless,the planet is currently experiencing an unprecedented biodiversity crisis.
文摘电化学储能(electrochemical energy storage,EES)机组不同于传统高压设备,差异主要有两点,一为有源设备,二为积木式结构,如直挂35kV EES机组,单相约有25~50个子模块,过电压在EES机组内的传播与分布、EES机组的过电压保护方案、绝缘配合及绝缘耐压试验都有新的特征。该文以29个子模块级联后直挂交流35kV的EES机组为例,计算分析了雷电冲击、标准操作冲击、陡波及长波操作冲击下EES机组的过电压分布,包括主回路极对地过电压分布及沿子模块链的纵向过电压分布。文中根据承担电压的特征,将EES机组绝缘分为对地绝缘和纵绝缘(相邻部件间的绝缘)。结果显示,雷电冲击主要作用于极对地绝缘。为了限制EES机组极对地绝缘的雷电过电压幅值,至少需两组避雷器,一组安装在母线,另一组安装在EES机组的交流高压出线。通过合理配置避雷器,各子模块极对地的最大雷电过电压幅值基本相同,只是发生频次有所差异,靠近电网一侧的频次更高。操作冲击下极对地过电压低于雷电冲击,但会在EES机组的纵绝缘上产生过电压,子模块两极间过电压可达稳态电压峰值的1.6倍左右,并产生大约5kA的过电流。最后,文中针对EES机组提出了由子模块代替EES机组整机进行绝缘耐压试验的理论依据和方法,并基于高斯分布给出了EES机组绝缘配合因数的确定原则。该文提出的EES机组雷电过电压保护方案、绝缘配合因数及绝缘耐压试验方法可作为EES机组绝缘设计及绝缘安全实证的重要参考。
文摘考虑风电场出力及负荷预测的不确定性,利用机会约束思想建立了含风电场的电网规划模型。以线路投资费用最少为规划目标,采用基于Monte Carlo模拟的直流概率潮流判断规划方案是否违反支路功率约束。同时把风电场并网公共连接点(point of common coupling,PCC)处的电压闪变水平作为规划目标加入目标函数中。利用基本遗传算法(genetic algorithm,GA)对规划模型进行了求解。基于Garver6节点系统的仿真结果表明:可以在不显著增加电网投资的情况下,大幅度降低PCC处的电压闪变水平。
文摘目的基于深度学习算法开发和验证可评估肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)患者预后的预测模型,并评估其价值。方法选择2011年1月—2015年12月美国国立癌症研究所的监测、流行病学和最终结果(Surveillance,Epidemiology and Results,SEER)数据库中经病理确诊的HCC患者为训练队列用于构建模型,选择同期在本院经病理确诊的HCC患者为外部验证队列用于评估模型。主要预测结局为1、3、5年总生存率。分别使用深度学习算法DeepSurv、随机生存森林(RFS)、Cox比例风险回归开发模型,使用C-index评价模型的区分度,一致性曲线评估模型的校准度,log-rank检验评估危险分层能力。结果训练队列9730例患者和外部验证队列405例患者被纳入分析。在训练队列中,DeepSurv算法1、3、5年的C-index分别为0.85(95%CI:0.80~0.90)、0.82(95%CI:0.77~0.89)、0.80(95%CI:0.73~0.87),在外部验证队列中分别为0.83(95%CI:0.78~0.87)、0.79(95%CI:0.74~0.83)、0.72(95%CI:0.67~0.77)。无论在训练队列还是外部验证队列中,DeepSurv算法的C-index和校准度均优于RFS、Cox回归和TNM分期(均P<0.05);log-rank检验显示,DeepSurv算法具有良好的危险分层能力(P<0.001)。结论基于深度学习算法DeepSurv开发的预测模型可有效预测HCC患者死亡率,且优于常规的算法和预后评价指标。
基金the financial support for this work provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51974087)Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(1908085QE203)+1 种基金University Natural Science Research Foundation of Anhui Province(2022AH050262)Science Research Foundation of Anhui Jianzhu University(2020QDZ02).
文摘To further enhance the recovery rate of low-temperature waste heat,the low-temperature flue gas in the sinter annular cooler was chosen as the heat source of an organic Rankine cycle(ORC)system,and the comprehensive evaluation of energy,exergy and economic performance of the ORC system was conducted deeply.The energy,exergy and economic performance models of the ORC system were established,and proper candidate organic working fluids(OWFs)were selected based on the thermo-physical properties of OWF and operating characteristics of ORC system.Then,the effects of ORC crucial parameters on the system energy,exergy and economic performances were evaluated in detail.Finally,the bi-objective optimization based on the genetic algorithm was conducted to analyze the optimal performance of the ORC system under the designed ORC crucial parameters,and the exergy efficiency and electricity production cost were set as the evaluation indexes of parametric optimization.The results indicate that the ORC system with the higher evaporation temperature and lower condensation temperature can obtain the larger system exergy efficiency and smaller electricity production cost.The smaller the superheat degree of OWF and pinch-point temperature difference in the evaporator are,the better the energy and exergy performances of the ORC system are.Under the optimization results,R245fa has the best comprehensive performance with the exergy efficiency of 46.34%and electricity production cost of 0.12123$/kWh among the selected candidate OWFs,which should be preferentially chosen as the OWF of the ORC system.
基金Supported by the Scientific Research Topic of Jiangsu Provincial Health Care Commission,No.M2021017the High-level Talent Research Project of the Second Hospital of Nanjing,No.0313504the Nanjing Second Hospital Academic Leader Program,No.0313506.
文摘BACKGROUND Understanding the status and function of tumor-infiltrating immune cells is essential for improving immunotherapeutic effects and predicting the clinical response in human patients with carcinoma.However,little is known about tumor-infiltrating immune cells,and the corresponding research results in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)are limited.AIM To investigate potential biomarker genes that are important for the development of HCC and to understand how immune cell subsets react throughout this process.METHODS Using single-cell RNA sequencing and T-cell receptor sequencing,the heterogeneity and potential functions of immune cell subpopulations from HCC tissue and normal tissue adjacent to carcinoma,as well as their possible interactions,were analyzed.RESULTS Eight T-cell clusters from patients were analyzed and identified using bioinformatics,including six typical major Tcell clusters and two newly identified T-cell clusters,among which Fc epsilon receptor 1G+T cells were characterized by the upregulation of Fc epsilon receptor 1G,tyrosine kinase binding protein,and T cell receptor delta constant,whereas metallothionein 1E+T cells proliferated significantly in tumors.Differentially expressed genes,such as regulator of cell cycle,cysteine and serine rich nuclear protein 1,SMAD7 and metallothionein 1E,were identified as significantly upregulated in tumors and have potential as biomarkers.In association with T-cell receptor analysis,we inferred the clonal expansion characteristics of each T-cell cluster in HCC patients.CONCLUSION We identified lymphocyte subpopulations and potential biomarker genes critical for HCC development and revealed the clonal amplification of infiltrating T cells.These data provide valuable resources for understanding the response of immune cell subsets in HCC.
基金supported by Youth Scientific Research Foundation of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (QNJJ202208)the Collaborative Innovation Center of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (KJCX20240408)+1 种基金Major Scientific and Technological Achievements Cultivation Project of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesNational Natural Science Foundation of China (32201815)。
文摘One-third of the global population is affected by micronutrient deficiency, particularly folate. Although folate synthesis has been relatively well characterized, few folate-related genes in maize have been cloned, and the molecular mechanism regulating folate synthesis in maize remains unclear. In this study,transcriptome and proteome analyses of three waxy maize inbred lines with high, medium, and low folate contents were performed to identify key genes controlling folate biosynthesis. Pairwise comparisons revealed 21 differentially expressed genes and 20 differentially expressed proteins potentially associated with folate biosynthesis in the three lines. Six key folate-associated genes, Zm Mocos2, Zm GGH,Zm ADCL2, Zm CBR1, Zm SHMT, and Zm Pur H, were identified. These genes encode enzymes that potentially function in folate biosynthesis. Functional validation of one of these genes, Zm ADCL2, using an EMS mutant(Mut9264) showed that a 4-base insertion in an exon increased the folate content of fresh maize kernels 1.37-fold that of the wild type. Zm ADCL2 was considered a potential target for generating maize lines with higher folate content. KEGG enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes and proteins showed that several pathways in addition to folate biosynthesis were likely indirectly involved in folate metabolism and content(e.g., glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism;purine metabolism;cysteine and methionine metabolism;alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism;glutathione metabolism;and pyruvate metabolism. The transcriptome and proteomic data generated in this study will help to clarify the mechanisms underlying folate accumulation and aid breeding efforts to biofortify maize with folate.
文摘目的:通过观察沉默瞬时受体阳离子通道亚家族V成员6(transient receptor potential cation channel,subfamily V member 6,TRPV6)对结肠癌SW480细胞生物学行为的影响和细胞内钙的浓度变化,以及1,25(OH)_2D_3、CaCl_2及CuCl_2在SD大鼠结肠肿瘤模型建立中的影响,探索TRPV6在结肠癌发生过程中的相关作用,为结肠癌的防治寻找新的靶点。方法:通过构建慢病毒颗粒感染结肠癌SW480细胞,采用免疫组织化学法、Western bolt、PCR技术检测TRPV6蛋白及m RNA的表达,MTT法、迁移及凋亡实验观察结肠癌SW480细胞增殖、迁移及凋亡变化,高速离子成像系统测定结肠癌SW480细胞内的Ca^(2+)浓度变化。以二甲基肼(dimethyl hydrazine,DMH)建立SD大鼠结肠肿瘤模型,分为实验组(DMH组)和干预组[(DMH+1,25(OH)_2D_3组、DMH+CuCl_2组)]、对照组,干预组分别予1,25(OH)_2D_3(37.5 nmol/kg)、CuCl2(375μmol/kg)对模型进行干预。观察各组大鼠结肠腺瘤及腺癌的发生情况,Western blot检测各组结肠组织中TRPV6蛋白的表达情况。结果:TRPV6-RNAi转染结肠癌SW480细胞后,TRPV6 m RNA及蛋白表达减少,细胞Ca^(2+)浓度水平降低,结肠癌SW480细胞的增殖率、迁移能力下降,细胞凋亡率增加,与空白对照组及阴性对照组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组大鼠成瘤率为0,DMH+1,25(OH)_2D_3组为100%,DMH组为84.62%,DMH+CuCl_2组为33.33%。各组大鼠大肠中均有TRPV6蛋白的表达,表达情况为DMH+1,25(OH)_2D_3组>DMH组>DMH+CuCl_2组>对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:降低结肠癌SW480细胞Ca^(2+)浓度水平可抑制结肠癌SW480细胞的增殖、迁移能力,诱导细胞凋亡。1,25(OH)_2D_3可以增加实验鼠结肠组织TRPV6蛋白表达,促进结肠肿瘤的形成。CuCl_2可以使实验鼠结肠组织中的TRPV6蛋白表达降低,并抑制结肠肿瘤的形成。
