BACKGROUND Non-erosive reflux disease(NERD),the main gastroesophageal reflux subtype,features reflux symptoms without mucosal damage.Anxiety links to visceral hypersensitivity in NERD,yet mechanisms and animal models ...BACKGROUND Non-erosive reflux disease(NERD),the main gastroesophageal reflux subtype,features reflux symptoms without mucosal damage.Anxiety links to visceral hypersensitivity in NERD,yet mechanisms and animal models are unclear.AIM To establish a translational NERD rat model with anxiety comorbidity via tail clamping and study corticotropin-releasing hormone(CRH)-mediated neuroimmune pathways in visceral hypersensitivity and esophageal injury.METHODS Sprague-Dawley(SD)and Wistar rats were grouped into sham,model,and modified groups(n=10 each).The treatments for the modified groups were as follows:SD rats received ovalbumin/aluminum hydroxide suspension+acid perfusion±tail clamping(40 minutes/day for 7 days),while Wistar rats received fructose water+tail clamping.Esophageal pathology,visceral sensitivity,and behavior were assessed.Serum CRH,calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP),5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT),and mast cell tryptase(MCT)and central amygdala(CeA)CRH mRNA were measured via ELISA and qRT-PCR.RESULTS Tail clamping induced anxiety,worsening visceral hypersensitivity(lower abdominal withdrawal reflex thresholds,P<0.05)and esophageal injury(dilated intercellular spaces and mitochondrial edema).Both models showed raised serum CRH,CGRP,5-HT,and MCT(P<0.01)and CeA CRH mRNA expression(P<0.01).Behavioral tests confirmed anxiety-like phenotypes.NERD-anxiety rats showed clinical-like symptom severity without erosion.CONCLUSION Tail clamping induces anxiety in NERD models,worsening visceral hypersensitivity via CRH neuroimmune dysregulation,offering a translational model and highlighting CRH as a treatment target.展开更多
The M-BCJR algorithm based on the Ungerboeck observation model is a recent study to reduce the computational complexity for faster-than-Nyquist(FTN)signaling[1].In this paper,we propose a method that can further reduc...The M-BCJR algorithm based on the Ungerboeck observation model is a recent study to reduce the computational complexity for faster-than-Nyquist(FTN)signaling[1].In this paper,we propose a method that can further reduce the complexity with the approximately same or better bit error rate(BER)performance compared to[1].The information rate(IR)loss for the proposed method is less than 1%compared to the true achievable IR(AIR).The proposed improvement is mainly by introducing channel shortening(CS)before the M-BCJR equalizer.In our proposal,the Ungerboeck M-BCJR algorithm and CS can work together to defeat severe inter-symbol interference(ISI)introduced by FTN signaling.The ISI length for the M-BCJR algorithm with CS is optimized based on the criterion of the IR maximization.For the two cases=0.5 and=0.35,compared to Ungerboeck M-BCJR without CS benchmark[1],the computational complexities of Ungerboeck M-BCJR with CS are reduced by 75%.Moreover,for the case=0.35,the BER performance of Ungerboeck M-BCJR with CS outperforms that of the conventional M-BCJR in[1]at the low signal to noise ratio region.展开更多
Faster-than-Nyquist(FTN)signaling can improve the spectrum efficiency(SE)of the transmission system.In this paper,we propose a coded modulation FTN(CM-FTN)transmission scheme with precoder and channel shortening(CS)op...Faster-than-Nyquist(FTN)signaling can improve the spectrum efficiency(SE)of the transmission system.In this paper,we propose a coded modulation FTN(CM-FTN)transmission scheme with precoder and channel shortening(CS)optimization to improve bit error rate(BER)performance and reduce the complexity of FTN equalizer.In our proposal,the information rate(IR)or spectral efficiency(SE)is employed and verified as a better performance metric for CM-FTN than the minimum Euclidian distance(MED).The precoder of CM-FTN is optimized for maximizing the IR criterion using the bare-bones particle swarm optimization(BB-PSO)algorithm.Further,a three-carrier CM-FTN system model is used to capture the broadening effect of precoder.Also targeting for the IR maximization,the inter-symbol interference(ISI)length for CS is optimized to reduce the receiver complexity without performance loss.Simulation results demonstrate that our method has a 0.6dB precoding gain compared with the nonprecoding scheme and a maximum of 87.5%of the complexity of FTN equalizer is reduced without BER loss.展开更多
Osteoarthritis(OA)is a frequent chronic illness in orthopedics that poses a major hazard to patient health.In situ cell therapy is emerging as a therapeutic option,but its efficacy is influenced by both the inflammato...Osteoarthritis(OA)is a frequent chronic illness in orthopedics that poses a major hazard to patient health.In situ cell therapy is emerging as a therapeutic option,but its efficacy is influenced by both the inflammatory milieu and the amount of stem cells,limit-ing its use.In this study,we designed a novel injectable porous microsphere(PM)based on microfluidic technology that can sup-port in situ mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)therapy by combining polylactic–glycolic acid copolymer,kartogenin,polydopamine,stromal cell-derived factor-1,and copper-doped bioactive glass(CuBG).The ex vivo tests demonstrated that PMs@CuBG micro-spheres were biocompatible and facilitated the transformation of synovial macrophages from pro-inflammatory M1 to anti-inflammatory M2 phenotypes by releasing CuBG to reduce joint inflammation.At the same time,the microspheres are able to recruit MSCs into the joint cavity and encourage their differentiation into chondrocytes,thereby treating articular cartilage injury.The in vivo rat experimental results show that intra-articular injection of PMs@CuBG in rats with OA improves OARSI scores,aggrecan content and the ratio of col-2α-positive cells,indicating a reparative effect on damaged cartilage within the joint.As a result,PMs@CuBG microspheres are predicted to provide a novel and successful approach to in situ cell therapy for OA.展开更多
Lung cancer is a malignant tumor characterized by a rapid proliferation rate,less survivability,high mortality,and metastatic potential.This review focuses on updated research about the clinical application of traditi...Lung cancer is a malignant tumor characterized by a rapid proliferation rate,less survivability,high mortality,and metastatic potential.This review focuses on updated research about the clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)as an adjuvant therapy to lung cancer treatment and the mechanisms of TCM effect on lung cancer in vitro and in vivo.We summarized the recent 5 years of different research progress on clinical applications and antitumor mechanisms of TCM in the treatment of lung cancer.As a potent adjuvant therapy,TCM could enhance conventional treatments(chemotherapy,radiation therapy,and epidermal growth factor receptors[EGFRs]tyrosine kinase inhibitors[TKIs])effects as well as provide synergistic effects,enhance chemotherapy drugs chemosensitivity,reverse drug resistance,reduce adverse reactions and toxicity,relieve patients’pain and improve quality of life(QOL).After treating with TCM,lung cancer cells will induce apoptosis and/or autophagy,suppress metastasis,impact immune reaction,and therapeutic effect of EGFR-TKIs.Therefore,TCM is a promisingly potent adjuvant therapy in the treatment of lung cancer and its multiple mechanisms are worthy of an in-depth study.展开更多
Background:Inflammatory reactions are recognized as pivotal in spinal cord injury(SCI),with the antiinflammatory role of polarized microglia crucial in mitigating such injury.The present study aimed to determine the p...Background:Inflammatory reactions are recognized as pivotal in spinal cord injury(SCI),with the antiinflammatory role of polarized microglia crucial in mitigating such injury.The present study aimed to determine the protective effects of GsMTx4 on functional recovery in a mouse model of SCI and investigate the role of GsMTx4 in cytokine-induced microglial activation and associated molecular mechanisms.Methods:We assessed the effects of GsMTx4 on motor function in a mouse model of SCI,including neuronal survival and activated microglia in the vicinity of the injury after SCI.We also investigated the effects of GsMTx4 on expression of relevant inflammatory factors involved in cytokine-induced microglial activation and the associated signaling pathways.Results:GsMTx4 effectively promoted functional recovery in mice and alleviated nerve damage after SCI.Additionally,GsMTx4 facilitated the transition of microglia from the M1 phenotype to the M2 phenotype,suppressed microglial activation,and reduced the expression of corresponding inflammatory mediators.These effects may involve modulation of neurogenic inflammation through the Piezo1/NFkB/STAT6 pathway,at least in part.Conclusion:GsMTx4 safeguards against SCI by regulating microglial polarization,potentially via the Piezo1/NFkB/STAT6 pathway,offering initial evidence supporting the potential therapeutic efficacy of GsMTx4 for treatment of SCI.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Key Specialty of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Spleen and Stomach Diseases),No.0500004National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82205104 and No.82104850+1 种基金Hospital Capability Enhancement Project of Xiyuan Hospital,CACMS,No.XYZX0303-07the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes,Excellent Young Scientists Training Program of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,No.ZZ16-YQ-002.
文摘BACKGROUND Non-erosive reflux disease(NERD),the main gastroesophageal reflux subtype,features reflux symptoms without mucosal damage.Anxiety links to visceral hypersensitivity in NERD,yet mechanisms and animal models are unclear.AIM To establish a translational NERD rat model with anxiety comorbidity via tail clamping and study corticotropin-releasing hormone(CRH)-mediated neuroimmune pathways in visceral hypersensitivity and esophageal injury.METHODS Sprague-Dawley(SD)and Wistar rats were grouped into sham,model,and modified groups(n=10 each).The treatments for the modified groups were as follows:SD rats received ovalbumin/aluminum hydroxide suspension+acid perfusion±tail clamping(40 minutes/day for 7 days),while Wistar rats received fructose water+tail clamping.Esophageal pathology,visceral sensitivity,and behavior were assessed.Serum CRH,calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP),5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT),and mast cell tryptase(MCT)and central amygdala(CeA)CRH mRNA were measured via ELISA and qRT-PCR.RESULTS Tail clamping induced anxiety,worsening visceral hypersensitivity(lower abdominal withdrawal reflex thresholds,P<0.05)and esophageal injury(dilated intercellular spaces and mitochondrial edema).Both models showed raised serum CRH,CGRP,5-HT,and MCT(P<0.01)and CeA CRH mRNA expression(P<0.01).Behavioral tests confirmed anxiety-like phenotypes.NERD-anxiety rats showed clinical-like symptom severity without erosion.CONCLUSION Tail clamping induces anxiety in NERD models,worsening visceral hypersensitivity via CRH neuroimmune dysregulation,offering a translational model and highlighting CRH as a treatment target.
基金This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61961014).
文摘The M-BCJR algorithm based on the Ungerboeck observation model is a recent study to reduce the computational complexity for faster-than-Nyquist(FTN)signaling[1].In this paper,we propose a method that can further reduce the complexity with the approximately same or better bit error rate(BER)performance compared to[1].The information rate(IR)loss for the proposed method is less than 1%compared to the true achievable IR(AIR).The proposed improvement is mainly by introducing channel shortening(CS)before the M-BCJR equalizer.In our proposal,the Ungerboeck M-BCJR algorithm and CS can work together to defeat severe inter-symbol interference(ISI)introduced by FTN signaling.The ISI length for the M-BCJR algorithm with CS is optimized based on the criterion of the IR maximization.For the two cases=0.5 and=0.35,compared to Ungerboeck M-BCJR without CS benchmark[1],the computational complexities of Ungerboeck M-BCJR with CS are reduced by 75%.Moreover,for the case=0.35,the BER performance of Ungerboeck M-BCJR with CS outperforms that of the conventional M-BCJR in[1]at the low signal to noise ratio region.
基金This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61961014).
文摘Faster-than-Nyquist(FTN)signaling can improve the spectrum efficiency(SE)of the transmission system.In this paper,we propose a coded modulation FTN(CM-FTN)transmission scheme with precoder and channel shortening(CS)optimization to improve bit error rate(BER)performance and reduce the complexity of FTN equalizer.In our proposal,the information rate(IR)or spectral efficiency(SE)is employed and verified as a better performance metric for CM-FTN than the minimum Euclidian distance(MED).The precoder of CM-FTN is optimized for maximizing the IR criterion using the bare-bones particle swarm optimization(BB-PSO)algorithm.Further,a three-carrier CM-FTN system model is used to capture the broadening effect of precoder.Also targeting for the IR maximization,the inter-symbol interference(ISI)length for CS is optimized to reduce the receiver complexity without performance loss.Simulation results demonstrate that our method has a 0.6dB precoding gain compared with the nonprecoding scheme and a maximum of 87.5%of the complexity of FTN equalizer is reduced without BER loss.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NO.82402982)the Program of Jiangsu science and technology Department(BK20211083,BE2022737)the noting that the PMs group displayed a therapeutic trend,which could be attributed to PDA’s ROS-scavenging function and KGN’s pro-chondrogenic differentiation effect.
文摘Osteoarthritis(OA)is a frequent chronic illness in orthopedics that poses a major hazard to patient health.In situ cell therapy is emerging as a therapeutic option,but its efficacy is influenced by both the inflammatory milieu and the amount of stem cells,limit-ing its use.In this study,we designed a novel injectable porous microsphere(PM)based on microfluidic technology that can sup-port in situ mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)therapy by combining polylactic–glycolic acid copolymer,kartogenin,polydopamine,stromal cell-derived factor-1,and copper-doped bioactive glass(CuBG).The ex vivo tests demonstrated that PMs@CuBG micro-spheres were biocompatible and facilitated the transformation of synovial macrophages from pro-inflammatory M1 to anti-inflammatory M2 phenotypes by releasing CuBG to reduce joint inflammation.At the same time,the microspheres are able to recruit MSCs into the joint cavity and encourage their differentiation into chondrocytes,thereby treating articular cartilage injury.The in vivo rat experimental results show that intra-articular injection of PMs@CuBG in rats with OA improves OARSI scores,aggrecan content and the ratio of col-2α-positive cells,indicating a reparative effect on damaged cartilage within the joint.As a result,PMs@CuBG microspheres are predicted to provide a novel and successful approach to in situ cell therapy for OA.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81773904)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFC1707101)+2 种基金and the National Major Scientific and Technological Special Project for"Significant New Drugs Development"(No.2018ZX09731001)the Research Fund Project of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.201720)the Research Fund Project of Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research(Harbin Medical University),Ministry of Education(No.2014012)。
文摘Lung cancer is a malignant tumor characterized by a rapid proliferation rate,less survivability,high mortality,and metastatic potential.This review focuses on updated research about the clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)as an adjuvant therapy to lung cancer treatment and the mechanisms of TCM effect on lung cancer in vitro and in vivo.We summarized the recent 5 years of different research progress on clinical applications and antitumor mechanisms of TCM in the treatment of lung cancer.As a potent adjuvant therapy,TCM could enhance conventional treatments(chemotherapy,radiation therapy,and epidermal growth factor receptors[EGFRs]tyrosine kinase inhibitors[TKIs])effects as well as provide synergistic effects,enhance chemotherapy drugs chemosensitivity,reverse drug resistance,reduce adverse reactions and toxicity,relieve patients’pain and improve quality of life(QOL).After treating with TCM,lung cancer cells will induce apoptosis and/or autophagy,suppress metastasis,impact immune reaction,and therapeutic effect of EGFR-TKIs.Therefore,TCM is a promisingly potent adjuvant therapy in the treatment of lung cancer and its multiple mechanisms are worthy of an in-depth study.
基金supported by the Program of Jiangsu Science and Technology Department(BE2022737)the Program of Suzhou Health Commission(LCZX202110,GSWS2020078,SZXK202111).
文摘Background:Inflammatory reactions are recognized as pivotal in spinal cord injury(SCI),with the antiinflammatory role of polarized microglia crucial in mitigating such injury.The present study aimed to determine the protective effects of GsMTx4 on functional recovery in a mouse model of SCI and investigate the role of GsMTx4 in cytokine-induced microglial activation and associated molecular mechanisms.Methods:We assessed the effects of GsMTx4 on motor function in a mouse model of SCI,including neuronal survival and activated microglia in the vicinity of the injury after SCI.We also investigated the effects of GsMTx4 on expression of relevant inflammatory factors involved in cytokine-induced microglial activation and the associated signaling pathways.Results:GsMTx4 effectively promoted functional recovery in mice and alleviated nerve damage after SCI.Additionally,GsMTx4 facilitated the transition of microglia from the M1 phenotype to the M2 phenotype,suppressed microglial activation,and reduced the expression of corresponding inflammatory mediators.These effects may involve modulation of neurogenic inflammation through the Piezo1/NFkB/STAT6 pathway,at least in part.Conclusion:GsMTx4 safeguards against SCI by regulating microglial polarization,potentially via the Piezo1/NFkB/STAT6 pathway,offering initial evidence supporting the potential therapeutic efficacy of GsMTx4 for treatment of SCI.
