Benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)represents a prevalent etiology of lower urinary tract symptoms(LUTS)in the male population,clinically defined by a nonmalignant proliferation of prostatic tissue.While BPH exhibits a ...Benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)represents a prevalent etiology of lower urinary tract symptoms(LUTS)in the male population,clinically defined by a nonmalignant proliferation of prostatic tissue.While BPH exhibits a high prevalence among older male populations globally,the precise underlying mechanisms contributing to its development remain incompletely elucidated.Mitochondria,essential organelles within eukaryotic cells,are critical for cellular bioenergetics,the regulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation,and the modulation of cell death pathways.The maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis involves a complex interplay of processes.By synthesizing previous literature,this review discusses mitochondrial homeostasis in prostate glands and the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the context of BPH.Furthermore,the review delved into each dimension of mitochondrial dysfunction in the specific etiology of BPH,highlighting its impact on cell survival,apoptosis,ferroptosis,oxidative stress and androgen receptor(AR).Overall,this review aims to unveil the crosstalk between mitochondrial dysfunction and BPH and identify intrinsic mechanisms.展开更多
Eringen’s two-phase local/nonlocal model is applied to an Euler-Bernoulli nanobeam considering the bending-induced axial force, where the contribution of the axial force to bending moment is calculated on the deforme...Eringen’s two-phase local/nonlocal model is applied to an Euler-Bernoulli nanobeam considering the bending-induced axial force, where the contribution of the axial force to bending moment is calculated on the deformed state. Basic equations for the corresponding one-dimensional beam problem are obtained by degenerating from the three-dimensional nonlocal elastic equations. Semi-analytic solutions are then presented for a clamped-clamped beam subject to a concentrated force and a uniformly distributed load, respectively. Except for the traditional essential boundary conditions and those required to be satisfied by transferring an integral equation to its equivalent differential form, additional boundary conditions are needed and should be chosen with great caution, since numerical results reveal that non-unique solutions might exist for a nonlinear problem if inappropriate boundary conditions are used. The validity of the solutions is examined by plotting both sides of the original integro-differential governing equation of deflection and studying the error between both sides. Besides, an increase in the internal characteristic length would cause an increase in the deflection and axial force of the beam.展开更多
文摘Benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)represents a prevalent etiology of lower urinary tract symptoms(LUTS)in the male population,clinically defined by a nonmalignant proliferation of prostatic tissue.While BPH exhibits a high prevalence among older male populations globally,the precise underlying mechanisms contributing to its development remain incompletely elucidated.Mitochondria,essential organelles within eukaryotic cells,are critical for cellular bioenergetics,the regulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation,and the modulation of cell death pathways.The maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis involves a complex interplay of processes.By synthesizing previous literature,this review discusses mitochondrial homeostasis in prostate glands and the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the context of BPH.Furthermore,the review delved into each dimension of mitochondrial dysfunction in the specific etiology of BPH,highlighting its impact on cell survival,apoptosis,ferroptosis,oxidative stress and androgen receptor(AR).Overall,this review aims to unveil the crosstalk between mitochondrial dysfunction and BPH and identify intrinsic mechanisms.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11472130)
文摘Eringen’s two-phase local/nonlocal model is applied to an Euler-Bernoulli nanobeam considering the bending-induced axial force, where the contribution of the axial force to bending moment is calculated on the deformed state. Basic equations for the corresponding one-dimensional beam problem are obtained by degenerating from the three-dimensional nonlocal elastic equations. Semi-analytic solutions are then presented for a clamped-clamped beam subject to a concentrated force and a uniformly distributed load, respectively. Except for the traditional essential boundary conditions and those required to be satisfied by transferring an integral equation to its equivalent differential form, additional boundary conditions are needed and should be chosen with great caution, since numerical results reveal that non-unique solutions might exist for a nonlinear problem if inappropriate boundary conditions are used. The validity of the solutions is examined by plotting both sides of the original integro-differential governing equation of deflection and studying the error between both sides. Besides, an increase in the internal characteristic length would cause an increase in the deflection and axial force of the beam.
