Grain shape as a major determinant of rice yield and quality is widely believed to be controlled by quantitative trait loci(QTL). We have identified a novel gene 'GS2' to largely regulate grain length and widt...Grain shape as a major determinant of rice yield and quality is widely believed to be controlled by quantitative trait loci(QTL). We have identified a novel gene 'GS2' to largely regulate grain length and width in rice. The GS2 allele in the big-grain rice line ‘CDL’functioned in a dominant manner. In the present study, we employed a chromosome walking strategy in the residual heterozygous lines from recombinant inbred population between cultivar 'R1126' and CDL, and located the GS2 gene in an interval of ~33.2 kb flanked by marker GL2-35-1 and GL2-12 in the long arm of rice chromosome 2. According to genome annotations, three putative gene loci, LOC_Os02g47280, LOC_Os02g47290 and LOC_Os02g47300, exist in this candidate region. In addition, allelic analysis with previously reported genes demonstrated that GS2 was novel for regulating rice grain shape. These results will help promote the cloning and functional characterization of the GS2 gene and further develop linked markers to be used in marker-assisted breeding.展开更多
Breeding sterile lines is the key to the development of hybrid rice with wide adaptability. However, at present, few wide-adaptability sterile lines have been applied in production practice. In this study, Yungu 3A, a...Breeding sterile lines is the key to the development of hybrid rice with wide adaptability. However, at present, few wide-adaptability sterile lines have been applied in production practice. In this study, Yungu 3A, a new WA-type Indica CMS line with good grain quality, was developed by hybridization between Yunfeng 66A with wide adaptability as female parent and F1 plants of Yunfeng 66B/D62B as male parent and continuous backcrossing. According to the results, the finally obtained lndica CMS line Yungu 3A has good plant type and leaf shape, strong tillering ability, excellent flowering habit, stable and complete male sterility with the sterile plant rate and pollen sterility rate of 100%, strong combining ability, high outcrossing rate, low sensitivity to light and temperature, and strong disease resistance, which was approved by Yunnan Provincial Crop Variety Appraisal Committee in 2013. Yungu 3A is conducive to the development of new hybrid rice combinations with good quality and wide adaptability, exhibiting a promising prospect of application.展开更多
Regulation of RNA metabolism is crucial for the modulation of gene expression in plants exposed to external stresses.However,the mechanism by which plant membrane receptors transmit external signals to regulate RNA me...Regulation of RNA metabolism is crucial for the modulation of gene expression in plants exposed to external stresses.However,the mechanism by which plant membrane receptors transmit external signals to regulate RNA metabolism has not been determined.In this study,we show that FERONIA-like receptor 2(FLR2)modulates innate immunity in rice by inducing the translation of the immune regulator OsEIL1,thereby promoting resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae.FLR2 interacts with and phosphorylates the mRNA processing factor CONSTITUTIVE EXPRESSER OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES 5(CPR5),leading to modulation of OsEIL1 poly(A)tail length and translation in response to M.oryzae infection.Like the flr2 loss-of-function mutant,the cpr5 mutant exhibited increased resistance to M.oryzae,induced reactive oxygen species generation,and activated the MAPK cascade.Furthermore,the phospho-dead cpr5 mutant(cpr5mut5A),in which the FLR2 phosphorylation sites are altered,could not rescue the cpr5 phenotype and resulted in longer OsEIL1 poly(A)tails than in the wild type.Conversely,the phospho-mimic cpr5mut5D restored both the wild-type phenotype and OsEIL1 poly(A)tail length in the cpr5 mutant background.These findings suggest that FLR2 perceives external stressors and regulates RNA meta-bolism via CPR5,revealing a novel posttranscriptional regulatory pathway in rice.展开更多
To enhance the stabilization performance of red-bedded mudstone subgrade soil,a novel synergistic technique combining microorganisms and quicklime was developed and evaluated through comprehensive physical,mechanical,...To enhance the stabilization performance of red-bedded mudstone subgrade soil,a novel synergistic technique combining microorganisms and quicklime was developed and evaluated through comprehensive physical,mechanical,and microstructural analyses.The results demonstrated that quicklime significantly improved the pore structure by increasing the proportion of pores with diameters in the range of 0.5-50μm,thereby facilitating microbial migration and calcium carbonate precipitation.The proposed technique effectively enhanced cementitious material production(cementation rate:6.83%),unconfined compressive strength(1.63 MPa),and resistance to swelling and deformation(swelling rate:0.26%).The observed synergistic effect can be attributed to two primary mechanisms.First,quicklime promotes soil particle agglomeration,resulting in larger pores that enable bacterial mobility and provide optimal microenvironments for microbial activity.Second,during curing,quicklime undergoes hydration and ionization,releasing Ca^(2+)and OH^(−)ions.The Ca^(2+)ions serve as calcium sources for microbial-induced carbonate precipitation,while the OH−ions react with SiO_(2)and Al_(2)O_(3) to form hydrated gels that develop a skeletal soil structure.Meanwhile,the exothermic reaction further accelerates calcium carbonate deposition within the agglomerated pores.展开更多
Although extensive research has been conducted on CO_(2)-enhanced coalbed methane(CO_(2)-ECBM)recovery,most prior studies have focused on the impact of gas adsorption-induced swelling on coal permeability under equili...Although extensive research has been conducted on CO_(2)-enhanced coalbed methane(CO_(2)-ECBM)recovery,most prior studies have focused on the impact of gas adsorption-induced swelling on coal permeability under equilibrium conditions.This paper presents a comprehensive thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical(THMC)model that integrates thermal expansion and heat conduction(T),gas diffusion in the matrix and gas-water two-phase flow in the fractures(H),matrix and fracture deformation due to poroelasticity(M),and non-equilibrium binary gas adsorption-induced matrix swelling(C)during CO_(2)-ECBM recovery.The accuracy of the proposed model was verified through experimental data,and the model was simulated using finite element method(FEM)software.Simulation results indicate that the permeability evolution can be categorized into three stages.Ignoring the impact of water on gas adsorption properties would lead to an overestimation of the influence of adsorption-induced swelling,while disregarding non-equilibrium adsorption underestimates it.An examination of five designed cases identified critical factors influencing permeability.Parametric analysis shows that increases in the injection pressure,the injection temperature,and the initial permeability promote the competitive adsorption-induced swelling between CH_(4)and CO_(2),leading to increased CH_(4)production and CO_(2)storage.Conversely,an increase in initial water saturation reduces available gas flow space,decreasing both CH_(4)production and CO_(2)storage.Higher irreducible water saturation favors early gas recovery,while lower irreducible water saturation is more advantageous for long-term recovery.展开更多
Traits such as grain shape, panicle length and seed shattering, play important roles in grain yield and harvest. In this study, the cloning and functional analysis of PANICLE TRAITS 2 （PT2）, a novel gene from the In...Traits such as grain shape, panicle length and seed shattering, play important roles in grain yield and harvest. In this study, the cloning and functional analysis of PANICLE TRAITS 2 （PT2）, a novel gene from the Indica rice Chuandali （CDL）, is reported. PT2 is synonymous with Growth-Regulating Factor 4 （OsGRF4）, which encodes a growth-regulating factor that positively regulates grain shape and panicle length and negatively regulates seed shattering. Higher expression of OsGRF4 is correlated with larger grain, longer panicle and lower seed shattering. A unique OsGRF4 mutation, which occurs at the OsmiRNA396 target site of OsGRF4, seems to be associated with high levels of OsGRF4 expression, and results in phenotypic difference. Further research showed that OsGRF4 regulated two cytokinin dehydrogenase precursor genes （CKX5 and CKX1） resulting in increased cytokinin levels, which might affect the panicle traits. High storage capacity and moderate seed shattering of OsGRF4 may be useful in high-yield breeding and mechanized harvesting of rice. Our findings provide additional insight into the molecular basis of panicle growth.展开更多
The rockburst caused by underground engineering excavation exhibits a significant lag effect.Studies have shown that the occurrence of lag-type rockburst is closely related to the delayed failure of rocks.This paper f...The rockburst caused by underground engineering excavation exhibits a significant lag effect.Studies have shown that the occurrence of lag-type rockburst is closely related to the delayed failure of rocks.This paper focuses on the delayed failure characteristics of unloading-damaged sandstone under the combined action of static load and dynamic disturbance.Numerical simulations are utilized to analyze the delayed failure evolution characteristics and failure mechanisms of sandstone.The results indicate that in triaxial unloading delay failure tests,the duration of loading decreases exponentially with the increase of initial unloading damage.Compared to static load conditions,the duration of loading under dynamic disturbance decreases by more than 43%,and the average strain rate significantly increases.The number of cracks at the endpoint of triaxial unloading delay failure increases as initial unloading damage decreases,with a substantial increase in the number of cracks under dynamic disturbance.These findings provide a valuable reference for the timeliness and delayed rockburst analysis and interpretation of rock damage and failure under high-stress levels.展开更多
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (2011AA10A101)the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (10JJ2025)
文摘Grain shape as a major determinant of rice yield and quality is widely believed to be controlled by quantitative trait loci(QTL). We have identified a novel gene 'GS2' to largely regulate grain length and width in rice. The GS2 allele in the big-grain rice line ‘CDL’functioned in a dominant manner. In the present study, we employed a chromosome walking strategy in the residual heterozygous lines from recombinant inbred population between cultivar 'R1126' and CDL, and located the GS2 gene in an interval of ~33.2 kb flanked by marker GL2-35-1 and GL2-12 in the long arm of rice chromosome 2. According to genome annotations, three putative gene loci, LOC_Os02g47280, LOC_Os02g47290 and LOC_Os02g47300, exist in this candidate region. In addition, allelic analysis with previously reported genes demonstrated that GS2 was novel for regulating rice grain shape. These results will help promote the cloning and functional characterization of the GS2 gene and further develop linked markers to be used in marker-assisted breeding.
基金Supported by Project for Introduction and Training of High-Level Technological Talents of Yunnan Province(2009CI126)New Product Program of Yunnan Province(2011BB002)Project for Construction of Science and Technology Innovation Platform of Yunnan Province(2013DH006)
文摘Breeding sterile lines is the key to the development of hybrid rice with wide adaptability. However, at present, few wide-adaptability sterile lines have been applied in production practice. In this study, Yungu 3A, a new WA-type Indica CMS line with good grain quality, was developed by hybridization between Yunfeng 66A with wide adaptability as female parent and F1 plants of Yunfeng 66B/D62B as male parent and continuous backcrossing. According to the results, the finally obtained lndica CMS line Yungu 3A has good plant type and leaf shape, strong tillering ability, excellent flowering habit, stable and complete male sterility with the sterile plant rate and pollen sterility rate of 100%, strong combining ability, high outcrossing rate, low sensitivity to light and temperature, and strong disease resistance, which was approved by Yunnan Provincial Crop Variety Appraisal Committee in 2013. Yungu 3A is conducive to the development of new hybrid rice combinations with good quality and wide adaptability, exhibiting a promising prospect of application.
基金was supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(no.2023YFD1401100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC-32071937)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2023JJ30443).
文摘Regulation of RNA metabolism is crucial for the modulation of gene expression in plants exposed to external stresses.However,the mechanism by which plant membrane receptors transmit external signals to regulate RNA metabolism has not been determined.In this study,we show that FERONIA-like receptor 2(FLR2)modulates innate immunity in rice by inducing the translation of the immune regulator OsEIL1,thereby promoting resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae.FLR2 interacts with and phosphorylates the mRNA processing factor CONSTITUTIVE EXPRESSER OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES 5(CPR5),leading to modulation of OsEIL1 poly(A)tail length and translation in response to M.oryzae infection.Like the flr2 loss-of-function mutant,the cpr5 mutant exhibited increased resistance to M.oryzae,induced reactive oxygen species generation,and activated the MAPK cascade.Furthermore,the phospho-dead cpr5 mutant(cpr5mut5A),in which the FLR2 phosphorylation sites are altered,could not rescue the cpr5 phenotype and resulted in longer OsEIL1 poly(A)tails than in the wild type.Conversely,the phospho-mimic cpr5mut5D restored both the wild-type phenotype and OsEIL1 poly(A)tail length in the cpr5 mutant background.These findings suggest that FLR2 perceives external stressors and regulates RNA meta-bolism via CPR5,revealing a novel posttranscriptional regulatory pathway in rice.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U22A20600)by the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(Grant No.2025AFA015).
文摘To enhance the stabilization performance of red-bedded mudstone subgrade soil,a novel synergistic technique combining microorganisms and quicklime was developed and evaluated through comprehensive physical,mechanical,and microstructural analyses.The results demonstrated that quicklime significantly improved the pore structure by increasing the proportion of pores with diameters in the range of 0.5-50μm,thereby facilitating microbial migration and calcium carbonate precipitation.The proposed technique effectively enhanced cementitious material production(cementation rate:6.83%),unconfined compressive strength(1.63 MPa),and resistance to swelling and deformation(swelling rate:0.26%).The observed synergistic effect can be attributed to two primary mechanisms.First,quicklime promotes soil particle agglomeration,resulting in larger pores that enable bacterial mobility and provide optimal microenvironments for microbial activity.Second,during curing,quicklime undergoes hydration and ionization,releasing Ca^(2+)and OH^(−)ions.The Ca^(2+)ions serve as calcium sources for microbial-induced carbonate precipitation,while the OH−ions react with SiO_(2)and Al_(2)O_(3) to form hydrated gels that develop a skeletal soil structure.Meanwhile,the exothermic reaction further accelerates calcium carbonate deposition within the agglomerated pores.
基金the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52079077)Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Provincial(2025AFB358).
文摘Although extensive research has been conducted on CO_(2)-enhanced coalbed methane(CO_(2)-ECBM)recovery,most prior studies have focused on the impact of gas adsorption-induced swelling on coal permeability under equilibrium conditions.This paper presents a comprehensive thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical(THMC)model that integrates thermal expansion and heat conduction(T),gas diffusion in the matrix and gas-water two-phase flow in the fractures(H),matrix and fracture deformation due to poroelasticity(M),and non-equilibrium binary gas adsorption-induced matrix swelling(C)during CO_(2)-ECBM recovery.The accuracy of the proposed model was verified through experimental data,and the model was simulated using finite element method(FEM)software.Simulation results indicate that the permeability evolution can be categorized into three stages.Ignoring the impact of water on gas adsorption properties would lead to an overestimation of the influence of adsorption-induced swelling,while disregarding non-equilibrium adsorption underestimates it.An examination of five designed cases identified critical factors influencing permeability.Parametric analysis shows that increases in the injection pressure,the injection temperature,and the initial permeability promote the competitive adsorption-induced swelling between CH_(4)and CO_(2),leading to increased CH_(4)production and CO_(2)storage.Conversely,an increase in initial water saturation reduces available gas flow space,decreasing both CH_(4)production and CO_(2)storage.Higher irreducible water saturation favors early gas recovery,while lower irreducible water saturation is more advantageous for long-term recovery.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (31571259)National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (2011AA10A101)
文摘Traits such as grain shape, panicle length and seed shattering, play important roles in grain yield and harvest. In this study, the cloning and functional analysis of PANICLE TRAITS 2 （PT2）, a novel gene from the Indica rice Chuandali （CDL）, is reported. PT2 is synonymous with Growth-Regulating Factor 4 （OsGRF4）, which encodes a growth-regulating factor that positively regulates grain shape and panicle length and negatively regulates seed shattering. Higher expression of OsGRF4 is correlated with larger grain, longer panicle and lower seed shattering. A unique OsGRF4 mutation, which occurs at the OsmiRNA396 target site of OsGRF4, seems to be associated with high levels of OsGRF4 expression, and results in phenotypic difference. Further research showed that OsGRF4 regulated two cytokinin dehydrogenase precursor genes （CKX5 and CKX1） resulting in increased cytokinin levels, which might affect the panicle traits. High storage capacity and moderate seed shattering of OsGRF4 may be useful in high-yield breeding and mechanized harvesting of rice. Our findings provide additional insight into the molecular basis of panicle growth.
基金the financial support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U22A20600,U2034203).
文摘The rockburst caused by underground engineering excavation exhibits a significant lag effect.Studies have shown that the occurrence of lag-type rockburst is closely related to the delayed failure of rocks.This paper focuses on the delayed failure characteristics of unloading-damaged sandstone under the combined action of static load and dynamic disturbance.Numerical simulations are utilized to analyze the delayed failure evolution characteristics and failure mechanisms of sandstone.The results indicate that in triaxial unloading delay failure tests,the duration of loading decreases exponentially with the increase of initial unloading damage.Compared to static load conditions,the duration of loading under dynamic disturbance decreases by more than 43%,and the average strain rate significantly increases.The number of cracks at the endpoint of triaxial unloading delay failure increases as initial unloading damage decreases,with a substantial increase in the number of cracks under dynamic disturbance.These findings provide a valuable reference for the timeliness and delayed rockburst analysis and interpretation of rock damage and failure under high-stress levels.
