Bismaleimide containing cyanate resin（BMI/CE） pre-ploymer was used as resin matrix. Fluorinated multiwalled carbon nanotubes（F-MWCNTs） were used as fillers to prepare F-MWCNT/BMI/CE nanocomposites via a solution i...Bismaleimide containing cyanate resin（BMI/CE） pre-ploymer was used as resin matrix. Fluorinated multiwalled carbon nanotubes（F-MWCNTs） were used as fillers to prepare F-MWCNT/BMI/CE nanocomposites via a solution intercalation method. The influence of F-MWCNT content on the mechanical, tribological and heat resistant properties of the nanocomposites was investigated. The morphology of the fracture surface and the wear surface of nanocomposites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy.Results show that the addition of F-MWCNTs is beneficial to improving the mechanical and tribological properties of the nanocomposites. It＇s worth noting that when the content of F-MWNTs was 0.6 wt%, the performances of nanocomposite are optimized（i.e., highest impact strength, lowest frictional coefficient and wear rate）. In addition, the nanocomposites exhibit good thermal stability in comparison with BMI/CE.展开更多
The construction of triplet-to-singlet F?rster resonance energy transfer(TS-FRET)systems has significantly contributed to the advancement of high-performance optoelectronic materials,particularly in the development of...The construction of triplet-to-singlet F?rster resonance energy transfer(TS-FRET)systems has significantly contributed to the advancement of high-performance optoelectronic materials,particularly in the development of metal-free organic environmental afterglow materials.Despite these notable advancements,achieving highly efficient energy transfer between luminescent donor and acceptor molecules remains a formidable challenge.In this study,we present the utilization of cation-πinteractions as an effective strategy to enhance TS-FRET efficiency,with the ultimate objective of further advancing fiuorescence afterglow materials.Our results demonstrate that the cation-πinteraction in 1D supramolecular nanorods(1D-SNRs)enhances the dipole-dipole coupling,a crucial parameter for regulating TS-FRET between the triplet state phosphorescent donor and singlet state fiuorescent acceptor.As a result,we achieved an outstanding TS-FRET efficiency of up to 97%.Furthermore,the 1D-SNRs exhibit a long-lifetime afterglow property,which suggests their potential application as a cost-effective and secure medium for information encryption.Thus,our findings highlight the promising prospects of cation-πinteractions in enhancing TS-FRET efficiency and advancing the field of organic photo-functional materials.展开更多
Introduction:Diagnosing tuberculosis(TB)in HIV-infected individuals presents significant challenges due to difficulties in obtaining specimens containing adequate quantities of Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb).This stu...Introduction:Diagnosing tuberculosis(TB)in HIV-infected individuals presents significant challenges due to difficulties in obtaining specimens containing adequate quantities of Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb).This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the IP-10 mRNA assay independently and in combination with established diagnostic tests for Mtb detection.Methods:The study cohort comprised 111 HIVinfected individuals who presented with TB at Beijing Youan Hospital from 2022 to 2024.Participants were categorized into confirmed TB,probable TB,or non-TB groups according to the diagnostic criteria for tuberculosis(WS288-2017).The performance of the IP-10 mRNA release assay was evaluated by the STARD guidelines on blood samples collected after enrollment.Results:The IP-10 mRNA release assay demonstrated significantly higher sensitivity than interferon-γrelease assays(IGRAs)and culture methods for confirming pulmonary tuberculosis(PTB)diagnosis while maintaining comparable specificity.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)analysis revealed that the diagnostic performance of the IP-10 mRNA release assay used in parallel with Xpert MTB/RIF significantly exceeded that of the IP-10 mRNA release assay alone(0.731 vs.0.687,P=0.02).Among HIV-infected individuals,the IP-10 mRNA release assay showed superior performance compared to IGRAs for diagnosing extrapulmonary tuberculosis.Conclusions:The IP-10 mRNA release assay exhibited excellent diagnostic performance and demonstrates substantial potential as an auxiliary tool for diagnosing TB in HIV-infected individuals.The combined application of IP-10.TB and Xpert MTB/RIF further enhance diagnostic efficacy.展开更多
Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors(INSTIs)have favorable safety and tolerability profiles,potent antiviral activity,and high resistance barriers,solving the limitations of previous antiretrovirals caused by resistan...Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors(INSTIs)have favorable safety and tolerability profiles,potent antiviral activity,and high resistance barriers,solving the limitations of previous antiretrovirals caused by resistant mutations.While first-generation INSTIs have exhibited emerging resistance challenges during extended clinical use,second-generation INSTIs provide enhanced resistance barriers and extended plasma half-lives relative to their predecessors.Optimized combination regimens incorporating these agents have substantially improved therapeutic convenience and long-term disease management in human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)care.Current investigations focus on multiple combination strategies employing second-generation INSTIs including dolutegravir(DTG)and bictegravir(BIC),with preliminary findings demonstrating substantial clinical benefits.The DTG/lamivudine(3TC)dual regimen in the GEMINI and TANGO studies achieved 92.1%–99.6%virologic suppression rates at week 48,maintaining efficacy through 144 weeks.The cabotegravir(CAB)/Rilpivirine(RPV)long-acting injectable combination in ATLAS trials demonstrated 92.5%suppression efficacy with validated every-two-month dosing intervals.The BIC/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide triple regimen in studies 1489/1490 maintained>84%suppression at week 144 while retaining activity against resistant variants.Real-world data confirm that these regimens maintained a viral suppression rate of>90%in both treatment-na?ve and-experienced patients,with treatment interruption rates of<5%.Recent advances include the US Food and Drug Administration's approval of DTG/3TC for use in adolescents≥12 years old and adaptive studies of CAB/RPV in special populations.This article summarizes the research progress of current combination formulations based on second-generation INSTIs to provide new therapeutic options and clinical insights for the treatment of patients with HIV.展开更多
Achieving molecular self-assembly to produce functional supramolecular polymers with defined dimensions and structural periodicity is crucial,particularly for two-dimensional supramolecular polymers(2DSPs).However,a m...Achieving molecular self-assembly to produce functional supramolecular polymers with defined dimensions and structural periodicity is crucial,particularly for two-dimensional supramolecular polymers(2DSPs).However,a major challenge to their application has been poor electrical conductivity due to weakπ-electron delocalization in existing synthetic methods.Here,we overcome this limitation by demonstrating the controlled construction of conductive 2DSPs through self-aligned brick-like stacking of doubly chargedπ-conjugated monomers driven by aromatic cation-πinteractions.A key feature of this approach is the upright molecular orientation,a notable departure from the horizontal orientation typical of conventional 2D polymers.This versatile method is compatible with various molecular building blocks,enabling modulation of 2DSP conformation from flat to wavy.We have also prepared free-standing single-layer nanosheets of 2DSPs via solution-assisted exfoliation from their crystals.The resulting 2DSPs demonstrate efficient in-planeπ-electron delocalization,leading to impressive electrical conductivity properties,holding significant promise for optoelectronic applications.展开更多
Prior research indicated low genotypic resistance testing(GRT)for human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)utilization in China due to partial cost coverage under national antiretroviral therapy policies,limited testing acces...Prior research indicated low genotypic resistance testing(GRT)for human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)utilization in China due to partial cost coverage under national antiretroviral therapy policies,limited testing accessibility,and financial barriers.Temporal and spatial data on GRT trends were also scarce.We analyzed GRT patterns among 6,895 untreated individuals at a tertiary hospital using Joinpoint regression,multivariable logistic modeling,and spatial analysis(GeoDa/SatScan).GRT rates showed a significant two-phase upward trend,increasing from 5.36%in 2014 to 74.17%in 2023,with an average annual percentage change of 31.30%(P<0.001).Beijing residency(adjusted odds ratio[aOR]=2.596,95%confidence interval[CI]:2.307-2.921)and older age were associated with higher GRT uptake.Specifically,ages 35-44 years(aOR=1.207,95%CI:1.026-1.420),45-54 years(aOR=1.335,95%CI:1.104-1.613),and≥55 years(aOR=1.424,95%CI:1.126-1.802)had significantly higher odds of testing.Lower testing rates were observed in individuals with lower education attainment(high school or technical secondary:aOR=0.827;junior high school:aOR=0.835;primary school:aOR=0.695),unknown sexually transmitted diseases(STDs)history(aOR=0.415),and non-heterosexual transmission routes(homosexual:aOR=0.834).Spatial analysis identified GRT clustering across Beijing until 2021,with two space-time clusters identified in 2019-2023 and 2018-2022.This study demonstrates substantial increase in GRT uptake achieving more balanced district-level distribution since 2021.Age,educational attainment,STDs history,and transmission route influence GRT utilization.Improving access,reducing costs,and implementing targeted interventions are critical for optimizing testing and guiding antiretroviral therapy decisions.展开更多
Comprehensive Summary,Hyperbranched polysiloxanes have attracted increasing interest due to their unique fluorescence properties.However,the relatively short emission wavelength and low fluorescence lifetime are still...Comprehensive Summary,Hyperbranched polysiloxanes have attracted increasing interest due to their unique fluorescence properties.However,the relatively short emission wavelength and low fluorescence lifetime are still the main obstacles to their broader application.In this study,we first synthesized aβ-diketone contained hyperbranched polysiloxane with excitation-dependent multicolor emission.Further through the coordination of HBPSi-NMDEA with Eu^(3+)ion,a hybrid luminescent material was prepared.It exhibited not only aggregation-induced red emission at 613 nm,but also a long fluorescence lifetime of 681.45μs.Particularly,it showed highly sensitive reversible fluorescence response to temperature variation,thus displaying the potential to be used in fluorescence temperature detection.展开更多
The high morbidity and mortality rate of individuals with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS)coinfected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB)is a tough challenge for current globa...The high morbidity and mortality rate of individuals with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS)coinfected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB)is a tough challenge for current global tuberculosis prevention and control efforts.HIV/MTB coinfection is more complex than a single infection,and the interaction between the two diseases aggravates the deterioration caused by the disease,resulting in increased hospitalizations and deaths.Rapid screening and early diagnosis facilitate the timely initiation of anti-tuberculosis treatment in HIV/MTB coinfected individuals,thereby reducing transmission and the incidence of adverse prognoses.To date,pathogenic detection has remained the gold standard for diagnosing tuberculosis,but its sensitivity and specificity are greatly affected by the body's immune status,which limits its application in the diagnosis of HIV/MTB coinfection.Recently,immunology and molecular detection technology has developed rapidly.New detection technologies,such as interferon-γ release assays,interferon-gamma inducible protein 10,and GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay have overcome the limitations of traditional detection methods,significantly improved the sensitivity and specificity of tuberculosis diagnosis,and brought new hope to the detection of HIV/MTB coinfection.In this article,the principle,scope of application,and latest research progress of relevant detection methods are reviewed to provide a reference for the early diagnosis of HIV/MTB coinfection.展开更多
A new s-triazine derivative modified graphene composite, in which 2,4,6-tri（2,4-dihydroxyphenyl）-1,3,5- triazine （TDTA） was attached onto reduced graphene oxide （rGO） via the noncovalent functionalization approa...A new s-triazine derivative modified graphene composite, in which 2,4,6-tri（2,4-dihydroxyphenyl）-1,3,5- triazine （TDTA） was attached onto reduced graphene oxide （rGO） via the noncovalent functionalization approach, named TDTA/rGO, was reported. And the TDTA was synthesized via a Friedel-Crafts reaction. FTIR and NMR spectroscopic characterizations were carried out to confirm the synthesis of TDTA. UV-Vis, XPS and TEM revealed that TDTA molecules were successfully loaded onto graphene sheets by π-π stacking, and the composite is found to improve greatly the dispersity ofrGO in DMF and to be a good UV-absorber.展开更多
Nonconventional luminescent materials have been rising stars in organic luminophores due to their intrinsic characteristics,including water-solubility,biocompatibility,and environmental friendliness and have shown pot...Nonconventional luminescent materials have been rising stars in organic luminophores due to their intrinsic characteristics,including water-solubility,biocompatibility,and environmental friendliness and have shown potential applications in diverse fields.As an indispensable branch of nonconventional luminescent materials,polysiloxanes,which consist of electron-rich auxochromic groups,have exhibited outstanding photophysical properties due to the unique silicon atoms.The flexible Si-O bonds benefit the aggregation,and the empty 3d orbitals of Si atoms can generate coordination bonds including N→Si and O→Si,altering the electron delocalization of the material and improving the luminescent purity.Herein,we review the recent progress in luminescent polysiloxanes with different topologies and discuss the challenges and perspectives.With an emphasis on the driving force for the aggregation and the mechanism of tuned emissions,the role of Si atoms played in the nonconventional luminophores is highlighted.This review may provide new insights into the design of nonconventional luminescent materials and expand their further applications in sensing,biomedicine,lighting devices,etc.展开更多
Crosslinking thermosets with hyperbranched polymers confers them superior comprehensive performance.However,it still remains a further understanding of polymer crosslinking from the molecular chains to the role of agg...Crosslinking thermosets with hyperbranched polymers confers them superior comprehensive performance.However,it still remains a further understanding of polymer crosslinking from the molecular chains to the role of aggregates.In this study,three hyperbranched polysiloxane structures(HBPSi-R)are synthesized as model macromolecules,each featuring distinct terminal groups(R denotes amino,epoxy,and vinyl groups)while similar molecular backbone(Si-O-C).These structures were subsequently copolymerized with epoxy monomers to construct interpenetrating HBPSi-R/epoxy/anhydride co-polymer systems.The spatial molecular configuration and flexible Si-O-C branches of HBPSi-R endow them with remarkable reinforcement and toughening effects.Notably,an optimum impact strength of 28.9 kJ mol^(−1) is achieved with a mere 3%loading of HBPSi-V,nearly three times that of the native epoxy(12.9 kJ mol^(−1)).By contrasting the terminal effects,the aggregation states and crosslinking modes were proposed,thus clarifying the supramolecular-dominant aggregation mechanism and covalent-dominant dispersion mechanism,which influences the resulting material properties.This work underscores the significance of aggregate science in comprehending polymer crosslinking and provides theoretical insights for tailoring material properties at a refined molecular level in the field of polymer science.展开更多
Introduction:A novel recombinant antigen-based capture enzyme immunoassay(RAg-CEIA)was optimized and used to determine technical parameters for estimating human immunodeficiency virus type 1(HIV-1)incidence in China.M...Introduction:A novel recombinant antigen-based capture enzyme immunoassay(RAg-CEIA)was optimized and used to determine technical parameters for estimating human immunodeficiency virus type 1(HIV-1)incidence in China.Methods:We employed orthogonal experimental design to optimize RAg-CEIA by adjusting raw material dilution ratios.The assay was used to measure normalized optical density(ODn)values in 171 longitudinal plasma specimens from 51 HIV-1 seroconverting individuals,plotted against estimated days post-seroconversion.We determined the optimal ODn threshold value for differentiating recent from long-term infections and calculated the mean duration of recent infection(MDRI)for incidence estimation.The false recent rate(FRR)was determined using 481 HIV-1 antibody-positive specimens with infection durations exceeding twice the MDRI.Results:Optimal RAg-CEIA parameters were established with a raw material dilution ratio of 1/12 for calibrator preparation and an enzyme conjugate titer of 1:1200.ODn values demonstrated consistent temporal increases across HIV-1 seroconverting individuals,though with notable kinetic heterogeneity in individual responses.The optimal ODn threshold value of 0.8 for distinguishing recent from long-term infections corresponded to an MDRI of 205 days and an FRR of 4.78%.Conclusions:The optimized RAg-CEIA effectively differentiates recent from long-term HIV-1 infections at the population level,enabling reliable HIV-1 incidence estimation in China.展开更多
Owing to its designability and intrinsic fluorescence,non-conjugated hyperbranched polysiloxane(HBPSi)has attracted widespread attention in biological filed,while it is still severely restricted by low fluorescence ef...Owing to its designability and intrinsic fluorescence,non-conjugated hyperbranched polysiloxane(HBPSi)has attracted widespread attention in biological filed,while it is still severely restricted by low fluorescence efficiency.So,in this paper,we introduced disulfide into HBPSi improving their luminescence properties and synthesized different molecular weight HBPSi(P1,P2,and P3).Surprisingly,P1 exhibited ultrahigh quantum yield up to 47.81%.Meanwhile,experiments applied with theoretical calculations were employed to explore the fluorescence mechanism,which is attributed to efficient restricting of non-radiative decay by clusteroluminogens formed with the cooperation of hyperbranched structure and double hydrogen bonding.In addition,the biocompatibility of P1 was verified by co-culture with MC3T3-E1 and P1 lighted up mouse fibroblast cells without fluorescent dyes.This work designed a novel fluorescent polymer with ultrahigh fluorescence quantum yield and cell imaging ability,which is promising in visualization diagnosis and treatment of tumor.展开更多
基金supported by the Doctorate Foundation of Northwestern Polytechnical University (No. CX201429)the Aerospace Science Foundation of China (No. 2011ZF53064)
文摘Bismaleimide containing cyanate resin（BMI/CE） pre-ploymer was used as resin matrix. Fluorinated multiwalled carbon nanotubes（F-MWCNTs） were used as fillers to prepare F-MWCNT/BMI/CE nanocomposites via a solution intercalation method. The influence of F-MWCNT content on the mechanical, tribological and heat resistant properties of the nanocomposites was investigated. The morphology of the fracture surface and the wear surface of nanocomposites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy.Results show that the addition of F-MWCNTs is beneficial to improving the mechanical and tribological properties of the nanocomposites. It＇s worth noting that when the content of F-MWNTs was 0.6 wt%, the performances of nanocomposite are optimized（i.e., highest impact strength, lowest frictional coefficient and wear rate）. In addition, the nanocomposites exhibit good thermal stability in comparison with BMI/CE.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22071197,22022107)Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,CAS(No.QYZDJ-SSW-SLH044)+2 种基金Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,(No.XDPB01)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.D5000230114)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M730951)。
文摘The construction of triplet-to-singlet F?rster resonance energy transfer(TS-FRET)systems has significantly contributed to the advancement of high-performance optoelectronic materials,particularly in the development of metal-free organic environmental afterglow materials.Despite these notable advancements,achieving highly efficient energy transfer between luminescent donor and acceptor molecules remains a formidable challenge.In this study,we present the utilization of cation-πinteractions as an effective strategy to enhance TS-FRET efficiency,with the ultimate objective of further advancing fiuorescence afterglow materials.Our results demonstrate that the cation-πinteraction in 1D supramolecular nanorods(1D-SNRs)enhances the dipole-dipole coupling,a crucial parameter for regulating TS-FRET between the triplet state phosphorescent donor and singlet state fiuorescent acceptor.As a result,we achieved an outstanding TS-FRET efficiency of up to 97%.Furthermore,the 1D-SNRs exhibit a long-lifetime afterglow property,which suggests their potential application as a cost-effective and secure medium for information encryption.Thus,our findings highlight the promising prospects of cation-πinteractions in enhancing TS-FRET efficiency and advancing the field of organic photo-functional materials.
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFE0116000,2024YFC2311200)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Z220018)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,82472266,82302512)the High-Level Public Health Specialized Talents Project of Beijing Municipal Health Commission(2022-2-018,2022-1-007)the Scientific Research Project of Beijing Youan Hospital(CCMU,2022).The funding agencies had no role in study design,data collection and analysis,decision to publish,or preparation of the manuscript.
文摘Introduction:Diagnosing tuberculosis(TB)in HIV-infected individuals presents significant challenges due to difficulties in obtaining specimens containing adequate quantities of Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb).This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the IP-10 mRNA assay independently and in combination with established diagnostic tests for Mtb detection.Methods:The study cohort comprised 111 HIVinfected individuals who presented with TB at Beijing Youan Hospital from 2022 to 2024.Participants were categorized into confirmed TB,probable TB,or non-TB groups according to the diagnostic criteria for tuberculosis(WS288-2017).The performance of the IP-10 mRNA release assay was evaluated by the STARD guidelines on blood samples collected after enrollment.Results:The IP-10 mRNA release assay demonstrated significantly higher sensitivity than interferon-γrelease assays(IGRAs)and culture methods for confirming pulmonary tuberculosis(PTB)diagnosis while maintaining comparable specificity.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)analysis revealed that the diagnostic performance of the IP-10 mRNA release assay used in parallel with Xpert MTB/RIF significantly exceeded that of the IP-10 mRNA release assay alone(0.731 vs.0.687,P=0.02).Among HIV-infected individuals,the IP-10 mRNA release assay showed superior performance compared to IGRAs for diagnosing extrapulmonary tuberculosis.Conclusions:The IP-10 mRNA release assay exhibited excellent diagnostic performance and demonstrates substantial potential as an auxiliary tool for diagnosing TB in HIV-infected individuals.The combined application of IP-10.TB and Xpert MTB/RIF further enhance diagnostic efficacy.
基金National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFC-2308300,2022YFC2305200)High-Level Public Health Specialized Talents Project of Beijing Municipal Health Commission(2022-2-018)+2 种基金Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research(BZ0089)Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX24_0484)SEU Innovation Capability Enhancement Plan for Doctoral Students(CXJH_SEU 24042)
文摘Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors(INSTIs)have favorable safety and tolerability profiles,potent antiviral activity,and high resistance barriers,solving the limitations of previous antiretrovirals caused by resistant mutations.While first-generation INSTIs have exhibited emerging resistance challenges during extended clinical use,second-generation INSTIs provide enhanced resistance barriers and extended plasma half-lives relative to their predecessors.Optimized combination regimens incorporating these agents have substantially improved therapeutic convenience and long-term disease management in human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)care.Current investigations focus on multiple combination strategies employing second-generation INSTIs including dolutegravir(DTG)and bictegravir(BIC),with preliminary findings demonstrating substantial clinical benefits.The DTG/lamivudine(3TC)dual regimen in the GEMINI and TANGO studies achieved 92.1%–99.6%virologic suppression rates at week 48,maintaining efficacy through 144 weeks.The cabotegravir(CAB)/Rilpivirine(RPV)long-acting injectable combination in ATLAS trials demonstrated 92.5%suppression efficacy with validated every-two-month dosing intervals.The BIC/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide triple regimen in studies 1489/1490 maintained>84%suppression at week 144 while retaining activity against resistant variants.Real-world data confirm that these regimens maintained a viral suppression rate of>90%in both treatment-na?ve and-experienced patients,with treatment interruption rates of<5%.Recent advances include the US Food and Drug Administration's approval of DTG/3TC for use in adolescents≥12 years old and adaptive studies of CAB/RPV in special populations.This article summarizes the research progress of current combination formulations based on second-generation INSTIs to provide new therapeutic options and clinical insights for the treatment of patients with HIV.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.22475171,22471219,22175142,22071197,22022107,22072103,51821002,and 22161132026)the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi(grant no.2024GX-YBXM-380)+1 种基金the Shaanxi Fundamental Science Research Project for Chemistry and Biology(grant nos.22JHQ019 and 23JHZ002)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(grant nos.G2023KY0603 and D5000230114).
文摘Achieving molecular self-assembly to produce functional supramolecular polymers with defined dimensions and structural periodicity is crucial,particularly for two-dimensional supramolecular polymers(2DSPs).However,a major challenge to their application has been poor electrical conductivity due to weakπ-electron delocalization in existing synthetic methods.Here,we overcome this limitation by demonstrating the controlled construction of conductive 2DSPs through self-aligned brick-like stacking of doubly chargedπ-conjugated monomers driven by aromatic cation-πinteractions.A key feature of this approach is the upright molecular orientation,a notable departure from the horizontal orientation typical of conventional 2D polymers.This versatile method is compatible with various molecular building blocks,enabling modulation of 2DSP conformation from flat to wavy.We have also prepared free-standing single-layer nanosheets of 2DSPs via solution-assisted exfoliation from their crystals.The resulting 2DSPs demonstrate efficient in-planeπ-electron delocalization,leading to impressive electrical conductivity properties,holding significant promise for optoelectronic applications.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFC2308300,2023YFC2308302,2023YFE0116000,2022YFC2305200,2022YFC2305202)Beijing Research Ward Excellence Program(BRWEP,2024W042180108)+2 种基金the High-Level Public Health Specialized Talents Project of Beijing Municipal Health Commission(2022-2-018,2022-1-007)the Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research(BZ0089),the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX24_0484)the SEU Innovation Capability Enhancement Plan for Doctoral Students(CXJH_SEU 24042).
文摘Prior research indicated low genotypic resistance testing(GRT)for human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)utilization in China due to partial cost coverage under national antiretroviral therapy policies,limited testing accessibility,and financial barriers.Temporal and spatial data on GRT trends were also scarce.We analyzed GRT patterns among 6,895 untreated individuals at a tertiary hospital using Joinpoint regression,multivariable logistic modeling,and spatial analysis(GeoDa/SatScan).GRT rates showed a significant two-phase upward trend,increasing from 5.36%in 2014 to 74.17%in 2023,with an average annual percentage change of 31.30%(P<0.001).Beijing residency(adjusted odds ratio[aOR]=2.596,95%confidence interval[CI]:2.307-2.921)and older age were associated with higher GRT uptake.Specifically,ages 35-44 years(aOR=1.207,95%CI:1.026-1.420),45-54 years(aOR=1.335,95%CI:1.104-1.613),and≥55 years(aOR=1.424,95%CI:1.126-1.802)had significantly higher odds of testing.Lower testing rates were observed in individuals with lower education attainment(high school or technical secondary:aOR=0.827;junior high school:aOR=0.835;primary school:aOR=0.695),unknown sexually transmitted diseases(STDs)history(aOR=0.415),and non-heterosexual transmission routes(homosexual:aOR=0.834).Spatial analysis identified GRT clustering across Beijing until 2021,with two space-time clusters identified in 2019-2023 and 2018-2022.This study demonstrates substantial increase in GRT uptake achieving more balanced district-level distribution since 2021.Age,educational attainment,STDs history,and transmission route influence GRT utilization.Improving access,reducing costs,and implementing targeted interventions are critical for optimizing testing and guiding antiretroviral therapy decisions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22175143)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2019A1515110527)Science Center for Gas Turbine Project(P2022-DB-V-001-001).
文摘Comprehensive Summary,Hyperbranched polysiloxanes have attracted increasing interest due to their unique fluorescence properties.However,the relatively short emission wavelength and low fluorescence lifetime are still the main obstacles to their broader application.In this study,we first synthesized aβ-diketone contained hyperbranched polysiloxane with excitation-dependent multicolor emission.Further through the coordination of HBPSi-NMDEA with Eu^(3+)ion,a hybrid luminescent material was prepared.It exhibited not only aggregation-induced red emission at 613 nm,but also a long fluorescence lifetime of 681.45μs.Particularly,it showed highly sensitive reversible fluorescence response to temperature variation,thus displaying the potential to be used in fluorescence temperature detection.
基金the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Z220018)the Belt and Road International Health Cooperation Project of Beijing Municipal Health Commission,the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFE0116000,2023YFC2308300,2023YFC2308302)+1 种基金the High-Level Public Health Specialized Talents Project of Beijing Municipal Health Commission(2022-2-018,2022-1-007)the Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research(BZ0089).The funders had no role in study design,data collection and analysis,decision to publish,or preparation of the manuscript.
文摘The high morbidity and mortality rate of individuals with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS)coinfected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB)is a tough challenge for current global tuberculosis prevention and control efforts.HIV/MTB coinfection is more complex than a single infection,and the interaction between the two diseases aggravates the deterioration caused by the disease,resulting in increased hospitalizations and deaths.Rapid screening and early diagnosis facilitate the timely initiation of anti-tuberculosis treatment in HIV/MTB coinfected individuals,thereby reducing transmission and the incidence of adverse prognoses.To date,pathogenic detection has remained the gold standard for diagnosing tuberculosis,but its sensitivity and specificity are greatly affected by the body's immune status,which limits its application in the diagnosis of HIV/MTB coinfection.Recently,immunology and molecular detection technology has developed rapidly.New detection technologies,such as interferon-γ release assays,interferon-gamma inducible protein 10,and GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay have overcome the limitations of traditional detection methods,significantly improved the sensitivity and specificity of tuberculosis diagnosis,and brought new hope to the detection of HIV/MTB coinfection.In this article,the principle,scope of application,and latest research progress of relevant detection methods are reviewed to provide a reference for the early diagnosis of HIV/MTB coinfection.
文摘A new s-triazine derivative modified graphene composite, in which 2,4,6-tri（2,4-dihydroxyphenyl）-1,3,5- triazine （TDTA） was attached onto reduced graphene oxide （rGO） via the noncovalent functionalization approach, named TDTA/rGO, was reported. And the TDTA was synthesized via a Friedel-Crafts reaction. FTIR and NMR spectroscopic characterizations were carried out to confirm the synthesis of TDTA. UV-Vis, XPS and TEM revealed that TDTA molecules were successfully loaded onto graphene sheets by π-π stacking, and the composite is found to improve greatly the dispersity ofrGO in DMF and to be a good UV-absorber.
基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,Grant/Award Number:2020A1515110540Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi,Grant/Award Number:2022SF-599+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Grant/Award Number:D5000230114National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:22175143。
文摘Nonconventional luminescent materials have been rising stars in organic luminophores due to their intrinsic characteristics,including water-solubility,biocompatibility,and environmental friendliness and have shown potential applications in diverse fields.As an indispensable branch of nonconventional luminescent materials,polysiloxanes,which consist of electron-rich auxochromic groups,have exhibited outstanding photophysical properties due to the unique silicon atoms.The flexible Si-O bonds benefit the aggregation,and the empty 3d orbitals of Si atoms can generate coordination bonds including N→Si and O→Si,altering the electron delocalization of the material and improving the luminescent purity.Herein,we review the recent progress in luminescent polysiloxanes with different topologies and discuss the challenges and perspectives.With an emphasis on the driving force for the aggregation and the mechanism of tuned emissions,the role of Si atoms played in the nonconventional luminophores is highlighted.This review may provide new insights into the design of nonconventional luminescent materials and expand their further applications in sensing,biomedicine,lighting devices,etc.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:22175143Key Research and Development Project of Shaanxi,Grant/Award Number:2022GY-353+1 种基金Science Center for Gas Turbine Project,Grant/Award Number:P2022-DB-V-001-001Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Grant/Award Number:D5000230086。
文摘Crosslinking thermosets with hyperbranched polymers confers them superior comprehensive performance.However,it still remains a further understanding of polymer crosslinking from the molecular chains to the role of aggregates.In this study,three hyperbranched polysiloxane structures(HBPSi-R)are synthesized as model macromolecules,each featuring distinct terminal groups(R denotes amino,epoxy,and vinyl groups)while similar molecular backbone(Si-O-C).These structures were subsequently copolymerized with epoxy monomers to construct interpenetrating HBPSi-R/epoxy/anhydride co-polymer systems.The spatial molecular configuration and flexible Si-O-C branches of HBPSi-R endow them with remarkable reinforcement and toughening effects.Notably,an optimum impact strength of 28.9 kJ mol^(−1) is achieved with a mere 3%loading of HBPSi-V,nearly three times that of the native epoxy(12.9 kJ mol^(−1)).By contrasting the terminal effects,the aggregation states and crosslinking modes were proposed,thus clarifying the supramolecular-dominant aggregation mechanism and covalent-dominant dispersion mechanism,which influences the resulting material properties.This work underscores the significance of aggregate science in comprehending polymer crosslinking and provides theoretical insights for tailoring material properties at a refined molecular level in the field of polymer science.
基金Supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of the 13th Five-year Plan(grants 2017ZX10201101-002-003 and 2018ZX10721102-003-002)。
文摘Introduction:A novel recombinant antigen-based capture enzyme immunoassay(RAg-CEIA)was optimized and used to determine technical parameters for estimating human immunodeficiency virus type 1(HIV-1)incidence in China.Methods:We employed orthogonal experimental design to optimize RAg-CEIA by adjusting raw material dilution ratios.The assay was used to measure normalized optical density(ODn)values in 171 longitudinal plasma specimens from 51 HIV-1 seroconverting individuals,plotted against estimated days post-seroconversion.We determined the optimal ODn threshold value for differentiating recent from long-term infections and calculated the mean duration of recent infection(MDRI)for incidence estimation.The false recent rate(FRR)was determined using 481 HIV-1 antibody-positive specimens with infection durations exceeding twice the MDRI.Results:Optimal RAg-CEIA parameters were established with a raw material dilution ratio of 1/12 for calibrator preparation and an enzyme conjugate titer of 1:1200.ODn values demonstrated consistent temporal increases across HIV-1 seroconverting individuals,though with notable kinetic heterogeneity in individual responses.The optimal ODn threshold value of 0.8 for distinguishing recent from long-term infections corresponded to an MDRI of 205 days and an FRR of 4.78%.Conclusions:The optimized RAg-CEIA effectively differentiates recent from long-term HIV-1 infections at the population level,enabling reliable HIV-1 incidence estimation in China.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:21875188,22175143,32101087Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi,Grant/Award Number:2021SF-297Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province,Grant/Award Numbers:2022JQ-312,CLGC202218。
文摘Owing to its designability and intrinsic fluorescence,non-conjugated hyperbranched polysiloxane(HBPSi)has attracted widespread attention in biological filed,while it is still severely restricted by low fluorescence efficiency.So,in this paper,we introduced disulfide into HBPSi improving their luminescence properties and synthesized different molecular weight HBPSi(P1,P2,and P3).Surprisingly,P1 exhibited ultrahigh quantum yield up to 47.81%.Meanwhile,experiments applied with theoretical calculations were employed to explore the fluorescence mechanism,which is attributed to efficient restricting of non-radiative decay by clusteroluminogens formed with the cooperation of hyperbranched structure and double hydrogen bonding.In addition,the biocompatibility of P1 was verified by co-culture with MC3T3-E1 and P1 lighted up mouse fibroblast cells without fluorescent dyes.This work designed a novel fluorescent polymer with ultrahigh fluorescence quantum yield and cell imaging ability,which is promising in visualization diagnosis and treatment of tumor.
