Spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury,a severe form of spinal cord damage,can lead to sensory and motor dysfunction.This injury often occurs after traumatic events,spinal cord surgeries,or thoracoabdominal aortic su...Spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury,a severe form of spinal cord damage,can lead to sensory and motor dysfunction.This injury often occurs after traumatic events,spinal cord surgeries,or thoracoabdominal aortic surgeries.The unpredictable nature of this condition,combined with limited treatment options,poses a significant burden on patients,their families,and society.Spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury leads to reduced neuronal regenerative capacity and complex pathological processes.In contrast,mitophagy is crucial for degrading damaged mitochondria,thereby supporting neuronal metabolism and energy supply.However,while moderate mitophagy can be beneficial in the context of spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury,excessive mitophagy may be detrimental.Therefore,this review aims to investigate the potential mechanisms and regulators of mitophagy involved in the pathological processes of spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury.The goal is to provide a comprehensive understanding of recent advancements in mitophagy related to spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury and clarify its potential clinical applications.展开更多
Photocatalytic oxidation of toluene to valuable benzaldehyde offers a promising pathway for sustainable production of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals.In this process,photogenerated holes play a crucial role in C(sp...Photocatalytic oxidation of toluene to valuable benzaldehyde offers a promising pathway for sustainable production of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals.In this process,photogenerated holes play a crucial role in C(sp^(3))-H bond dissociation.However,the photocatalytic performance of current photocatalysts is often hindered by the low separation and transfer efficiency of photogenerated charges.In this work,we presented a perovskite-based heterostructure via in situ growth of defective WO_(3-x)nanosheets on Cs_(2)AgBiBr_(6)nanoparticles for photocatalytic toluene transformation.In situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy tests proved the introduction of oxygen-deficient WO_(3)-xcomponent enhanced the chemisorption of molecular oxygen.The in situ electron paramagnetic resonance and 4-chloro-7-nitro-1,2,3-benzoxadiazole fluorescence measurements further confirmed the presence of oxygen vacancies,and the formation of heterostructure synergistically accelerated the formation of the superoxide radicals and the transfer of photogenerated charge carriers.Under visible light irradiation,Cs_(2)AgBiBr_(6)/WO_(3-x)photocatalyst could effectively oxidize toluene toward benzaldehyde with a conversion rate of 9020μmol g^(-1)h^(-1),which was a 3.5-fold increase over that of the unmodified Cs_(2)AgBiBr_(6).展开更多
Intermittent heating is an energy-saving heating mode,which can save energy in terms of time,and thus is worth promoting,particularly in residential heating scenarios.Conventional radiant heating terminals,that is flo...Intermittent heating is an energy-saving heating mode,which can save energy in terms of time,and thus is worth promoting,particularly in residential heating scenarios.Conventional radiant heating terminals,that is floor heating,and convective heating terminals,that is fan coils,cannot achieve both intermittent and thermal comfort during intermittent heating.Therefore,this study proposes a switchable convective-radiant heating regulation method for floor heating and fan coils to achieve a comfortable indoor environment with high thermal response speed.Furthermore,a novel combined radiant-convective heating terminal was proposed for a reliable and effective solution.Results showed that the proposed switchable method could increase both intermittence and thermal comfort.In addition,the heating terminal showed better heating performance than the combination of two conventional terminals at the key points of heating capacity,flexibility,and thermal response.It could initially heat up a typical residential space within 20-40 min and then stabilize the room temperature in a comfortable range of 18-22℃,showing great potential for intermittent heating in room-scale heating conditions.This study provides a reference technique for intermittent heating with reduced system complexity and precise environmental control.展开更多
In this work,a novel plasmon-assisted UV-vis-NIR-driven W_(18)O_(49)/Cd_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)S heterostructure photocatalyst was obtained by a facile ultrasonic-assisted electrostatic self-assembly strategy.The hybrid exhibit...In this work,a novel plasmon-assisted UV-vis-NIR-driven W_(18)O_(49)/Cd_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)S heterostructure photocatalyst was obtained by a facile ultrasonic-assisted electrostatic self-assembly strategy.The hybrid exhibits extraordinary H2 evolution activity of 147.7 mmol·g^(-1)·h^(-1) at room temperature due to the efficient charge separation and expanded light absorption.Our investigation shows that the unique Step-scheme(S-scheme)charge transfer and the‘hot electron’injection are both responsible for the extraordinary H2 evolution process,depending on the wavelength of the incident light.Moreover,by accelerating the surface reaction kinetics,the activity can be further elevated to 306.1 mmol·g^(-1)·h^(-1),accompanied by a high apparent quantum yield of 45.3% at 365±7.5 nm.This work provides us a potential strategy for the highly efficient conversion of the solar energy by elaborately combining a nonstoichiometric ratio plasmonic material with an appropriate active photocatalyst.展开更多
The electrification of building heating is an effective way to meet the global carbon target. As a clean and sustainable electrified heating technology, air-source heat pumps (ASHPs) are widely used in areas lacking c...The electrification of building heating is an effective way to meet the global carbon target. As a clean and sustainable electrified heating technology, air-source heat pumps (ASHPs) are widely used in areas lacking central heating. However, as a major component of space heating, heating terminals might not fit well with ASHP in order to achieve both intermittency and comfort. Therefore, this study proposes a novel radiation-adjustable heating terminal combined with an ASHP to achieve electrification, intermittency, and better thermal comfort. Radiant terminals currently suffer from three major problems: limited maximum heating capacity, inability to freely adapt, and difficulty with combining them with ASHPs. These problems were solved by improving the structural design of the novel terminal (Improvement A–E). Results showed that the maximum heating capacity increased by 23.6% and radiation heat transfer ratio from 10.1% to 30.9% was provided for users with the novel terminal. Further, new flat heat pipe (FHP) design improved stability (compressor oil return), intermittency (refrigerant thermal inertia), and safety (refrigerant leakage risk) by reducing the length of exposed refrigerant pipes. Furthermore, a new phased operation strategy was proposed for the novel terminal, and the adjustability of the terminal was improved. The results can be used as reference information for decarbonizing buildings by electrifying heating terminals.展开更多
Single-atom catalysts(SACs),with atomically dispersed metal atoms anchored on a typical support,representing the utmost utilization effi ciency of the atoms,have recently emerged as promising catalysts for a variety o...Single-atom catalysts(SACs),with atomically dispersed metal atoms anchored on a typical support,representing the utmost utilization effi ciency of the atoms,have recently emerged as promising catalysts for a variety of catalytic applications.The electronic properties of the active center of SACs are highly dependent on the local environment constituted by the single metal atom and its surrounding coordination elements.Therefore,engineering the coordination environment near single metal sites,from the fi rst coordination shell to the second shell or higher,would be a rational way to design effi cient SACs with optimized electronic structure for catalytic applications.The wide range of coordination confi gurations,guaranteed by the multiple choices of the type and heterogeneity of the coordination element(N,O,P,S,etc.),further off er a large opportunity to rationally design SACs for satisfactory activities and investigate the structure-performance relationship.In this review,the coordination engineering of SACs by varying the type of coordination element was elaborated and the photocatalytic water splitting of SACs was highlighted.Finally,challenging issues related to the coordination engineering of SACs and their photocatalytic applications were discussed to call for more eff orts devoted to the further development of single-atom catalysis.展开更多
(Ga,Fe)Sb is a promising magnetic semiconductor(MS)for spintronic applications because its Curie temperature(T_(C))is above 300 K when the Fe concentration is higher than 20%.However,the anisotropy constant Ku of(Ga,F...(Ga,Fe)Sb is a promising magnetic semiconductor(MS)for spintronic applications because its Curie temperature(T_(C))is above 300 K when the Fe concentration is higher than 20%.However,the anisotropy constant Ku of(Ga,Fe)Sb is below 7.6×10^(3)erg/cm^(3)when Fe concentration is lower than 30%,which is one order of magnitude lower than that of(Ga,Mn)As.To address this issue,we grew Ga_(1-x-y)Fe_(x)Ni_(y)Sb films with almost the same x(≈24%)and different y to characterize their magnetic and electrical transport properties.We found that the magnetic anisotropy of Ga_(0.76-y)Fe_(0.24)Ni_(y)Sb can be enhanced by increasing y,in which Ku is negligible at y=1.7%but increases to 3.8×10^(5)erg/cm^(3)at y=6.1%(T_(C)=354 K).In addition,the hole mobility(μ)of Ga_(1-x-y)Fe_(x)Ni_(y)Sb reaches 31.3 cm^(2)/(V∙s)at x=23.7%,y=1.7%(T_(C)=319 K),which is much higher than the mobility of Ga_(1-x)Fe_(x)Sb at x=25.2%(μ=6.2 cm^(2)/(V∙s)).Our results provide useful information for enhancing the magnetic anisotropy and hole mobility of(Ga,Fe)Sb by using Ni co-doping.展开更多
Mn基二元合金L1_(0)-MnAl具有垂直磁各向异性强、自旋极化率高和磁阻尼因子低等特点,是研制高密度、高性能和低功耗磁随机存储器(magnetic random access memory,MRAM)的重要材料体系,而B2-CoGa合金则同时为外延生长在主流半导体GaAs上...Mn基二元合金L1_(0)-MnAl具有垂直磁各向异性强、自旋极化率高和磁阻尼因子低等特点,是研制高密度、高性能和低功耗磁随机存储器(magnetic random access memory,MRAM)的重要材料体系,而B2-CoGa合金则同时为外延生长在主流半导体GaAs上垂直磁各向异性L1_(0)-MnAl薄膜提供了理想的缓冲层和自旋流来源.本文报道了在B2-CoGa缓冲层中掺杂重金属Pt可以显著提高L1_(0)-MnAl/(CoGa)_(1-x)Pt_(x)双层膜中的自旋轨道矩(spin-orbit torque,SOT)效率.该双层膜在高达x=0.1的掺杂范围内仍然保持着良好的垂直磁各向异性,其磁矩实现翻转的临界电流密度可从4.63×10^(7)A/cm^(2)降低到2.59×10^(7)A/cm^(2),同时SOT效率从0.042提高到0.080.这种增强归因于在保持(CoGa)_(1-x)Pt_(x)有效自旋霍尔电导率不变的情况下其电阻率的增加.其中,x=0.075样品能够支持横向尺寸8.09 nm的磁性隧道结单元,同时功耗可降低至原来的0.63.这些结果为基于Mn基二元合金的MRAM研发提供了参考.展开更多
Building energy consumption is mainly influenced by thermal load,equipment efficiency,service space,and operating time.While extensive research has focused on reducing load and improving efficiency,significant energy-...Building energy consumption is mainly influenced by thermal load,equipment efficiency,service space,and operating time.While extensive research has focused on reducing load and improving efficiency,significant energy-saving potential remains in optimizing time and space of usage.This study proposes a novel convective-radiant desktop-based terminal that integrates personalized environmental control system with convective-radiant terminals,enabling“part-time,localized-space”operations to enhance energy savings.It includes a discussion on the structural design of the device and experimental analysis of its local environmental control and intermittent operation.The design incorporates a convective heat exchanger and radiant panel embedded in a height-adjustable desktop.Experimental results showed that the combination of the radiant panel and air outlet beneath the desktop accumulates heat in this area during heating,creating a“cool head,warm feet”thermal comfort effect.The maximum vertical temperature difference was 0.7℃ in radiation mode.For intermittent operation,the temperature response matching coefficient(TRMC)of the proposed terminal was 3.4 times that of floor heating and 2.1 times that of fan coil units,indicating superior performance.Besides,this novel terminal provides effective thermal comfort in both sitting and standing positions,offering potential energy savings in open-plan offices.By extending the room temperature setpoint to 16–18℃ in winter,the terminal can reduce energy consumption by 3.64%–12.52%.These findings provide a reference for personalized environmental control systems and intermittent heating strategies.展开更多
Fiber-optics daylighting system(FODS)demonstrates significant potential for enhancing natural light utilization efficiency while enabling a more continuous visible spectrum illumination to support circadian rhythm reg...Fiber-optics daylighting system(FODS)demonstrates significant potential for enhancing natural light utilization efficiency while enabling a more continuous visible spectrum illumination to support circadian rhythm regulation.It offers a promising solution for both building energy efficiency and indoor light environment comfort improvement.However,conventional FODS face critical limitations,including low coupling efficiency at the collector-fiber interface and uneven illumination distribution,which impede its practical application.Recent advancements in optical technology present new opportunities for performance optimization of the FODS.Departing from traditional homogenization approaches reliant on optical homogenizers,this study introduces a freeform-caustics-based collector design with discretized energy distribution across the receiving plane.This innovative freeform fiber-optics daylighting system(FFODS)simultaneously addresses localized thermal accumulation and improves coupling efficiency.Furthermore,diffuse transmission materials and a freeform lens are integrated as a dual-functional diffuser to reshaping emitted light and precisely manipulate optical wave fronts,thereby achieving stable and uniform illumination in the targeted area.On this basis,a systematically simulation analysis on the thermal characteristics and photometric performance of the system was conducted.The results validate that the FFODS achieves a 98.5%coupling efficiency with a 126 times reduction in geometric concentration ratio compared to Fresnel lens collector.The diffuser maintains illumination uniformity above 0.8 under bending and adjustment conditions,while realizing 91.5%workspace illumination efficiency in the targeted area.Overall,this novel FFODS provides a transformative technique for advancing conventional FODS with high efficiency and illumination uniformity.展开更多
Occupant-centric localized heating/cooling is crucial for advancing building carbon neutrality and enhancing habitation quality.This strategy hinges on achieving precise match between thermal supply and individual dem...Occupant-centric localized heating/cooling is crucial for advancing building carbon neutrality and enhancing habitation quality.This strategy hinges on achieving precise match between thermal supply and individual demand across both temporal and spatial scales,thereby minimizing unnecessary energy consumption.However,current research mainly relies on room-scale analyses that overlook fine-grained behavioral variabilities and personalized spatial preferences,constraining the development of refined environmental control systems.To address this gap,this study presents an occupant-centric method for indoor occupancy pattern analysis,introducing a Present Demand-Next Demand segment-based modeling framework that incorporates migration pathways and behavioral rhythms.It enhances the accuracy of behavioral pattern reconstruction and enables responsive,high-resolution environmental control.The framework supports the extraction of individual-scale occupancy patterns,facilitating dynamic and adaptive heating/cooling strategies.On this basis,the individual occupancy patterns of a three-person household was analyzed with field-tested positioning data.Results show that Resident Zones(RZs)account for over 85% of dwelling time while occupying only a small spatial fraction,indicating energy-saving potential through localized regulation.Behavioral analysis further reveals that different occupants exhibit distinct spatial preferences with strong connectivity between preferred zones,and that fixed transfer tendencies occur at specific times,suggesting opportunities for personalized control strategies.Moreover,different spatial clustering methods demonstrated distinct strengths under varying activity intensities,highlighting their complementarity for individual-scale behavioral analysis.Overall,this research provides support for advancing personalized environmental control,offering actionable insights for demand-responsive systems and performance-based building simulations.展开更多
A merger of copper catalysis and semiconductor photocatalysis using polymeric carbon nitride(PCN)for multi-type cross-coupling reactions was developed.This dual-catalytic system enables mild C-H arylation,chalcogenati...A merger of copper catalysis and semiconductor photocatalysis using polymeric carbon nitride(PCN)for multi-type cross-coupling reactions was developed.This dual-catalytic system enables mild C-H arylation,chalcogenation,and C-N cross-coupling reactions under visible light irradiation with a broad substrate scope.Good-to-excellent yields were obtained with appreciable site selectivity and functional group tolerance.Metal-free and low-cost PCN photocatalyst can easily be recovered and reused several times.展开更多
In this study,the effects of solar wind on an electric sail(E-sail)are modeled and analyzed using an absolute nodal coordinate formulation(ANCF).First,the thrust of the charged metal tether that makes up the E-sail wa...In this study,the effects of solar wind on an electric sail(E-sail)are modeled and analyzed using an absolute nodal coordinate formulation(ANCF).First,the thrust of the charged metal tether that makes up the E-sail was analyzed and a model was established.Numerical simulations of a single metal tether were performed.Then,an overall E-sail model was established using the connection matrix,and E-sails subjected to different angular velocities were compared.Simulation results of the ANCF model and a dumbbell model were compared at different angular velocities.The results confirm that with a relatively high angular velocity,the flexible metal chain can be approximately regarded as a rigid body.However,with a small angular velocity,the flexibility of the metal chain cannot be ignored.展开更多
In hot climates,the large amount of cooling load in electric vehicle(EV)results in a lot of battery energy consumption,leading the decrease of driving range.With the widespread application of windows in EV,the electro...In hot climates,the large amount of cooling load in electric vehicle(EV)results in a lot of battery energy consumption,leading the decrease of driving range.With the widespread application of windows in EV,the electrochromic glass(EC)shows great prospect in lowering the cooling load.However,researches on the application of EC in EV lack the consideration of both passive cooling measures and passenger comfort,which limits the further application of EC.In this paper,we proposed an idea combining the novel techniques of both electrochromism and radiative cooling.Computational fluid dynamics(CFD)is modeled to simulate the application of electrochromic and radiative cooling coupled smart windows in hot parking conditions,exploring the improvement effect of the window on the thermal environment,comfort and energy saving of the EV.The results indicate that,under the intense sunlight with an outdoor temperature of 33℃,activating the air conditioning to maintain an average interior temperature of 26℃,the coupled windows reduced the cooling capacity of the air conditioning by 762 W compared to regular windows,which can further increase the range of EV.Meanwhile,compared to simple electrochromic fully colored glass,the integration of radiative cooling technology can lower the window surface temperature by up to 10.7℃.Moreover,compared to regular windows,the coupled windows lowered the standard effective temperature(SET*)for passengers by approximately 7℃,significantly improving comfort.These research findings are expected to provide guidance for optimizing window design and enhancing the performance of EV.展开更多
Nature has provided us the assurance and inspiration for thousands of years in synthesizing value-added chemicals,with the assistance of reactive hydrogen species,and water as the ultimate hydrogen source.However,the ...Nature has provided us the assurance and inspiration for thousands of years in synthesizing value-added chemicals,with the assistance of reactive hydrogen species,and water as the ultimate hydrogen source.However,the natural photosynthesis is inefficient due to some intrinsic properties,urging people not only to learn from but also surpass during nature imitation.In this review,we summarized recent progresses on reactive hydrogen species-assisted nanocatalytic reduction of organic molecules towards value-added fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals,with water as the hydrogen source,and especially highlighted how photocatalytically or electrocatalytically evolved reactive hydrogen species synergize with biocatalytic centers and nanocatalytic sites for reduction of organic molecules.The design principles of collaborative semi-artificial systems and nanocatalytic artificial systems,the structure tuning of catalysts for the evolution and utilization of hydrogen species,and the determination of reactive hydrogen species for mechanistic insights were discussed in detail.Finally,perspectives were provided for further advancing this emerging area of nanocatalytic reduction of organic molecules from water(or proton)and organics.展开更多
Pyrimidines and their derivatives are widely found in natural products,agrochemicals,and pharmaceutical compounds,such as osimertinib,tofacitinnib,nilotinib,and fluoxastrobin(Fig.S1 online)[1].Considering their signif...Pyrimidines and their derivatives are widely found in natural products,agrochemicals,and pharmaceutical compounds,such as osimertinib,tofacitinnib,nilotinib,and fluoxastrobin(Fig.S1 online)[1].Considering their significance,the effective construction of pyrimidines has gained considerable attention[2,3].展开更多
基金supported by Cuiying Scientific and Technological Innovation Program of Second Hospital of Lanzhou University,Nos.CY2023-QN-B18(to YD),2020QN-16(to YZ)the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province,No.22JR11RA082(to YZ)Key R&D Plan of Gansu Provincial Department of Science and Technology-Social Development Projects,No.23YFFA0043(to XK).
文摘Spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury,a severe form of spinal cord damage,can lead to sensory and motor dysfunction.This injury often occurs after traumatic events,spinal cord surgeries,or thoracoabdominal aortic surgeries.The unpredictable nature of this condition,combined with limited treatment options,poses a significant burden on patients,their families,and society.Spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury leads to reduced neuronal regenerative capacity and complex pathological processes.In contrast,mitophagy is crucial for degrading damaged mitochondria,thereby supporting neuronal metabolism and energy supply.However,while moderate mitophagy can be beneficial in the context of spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury,excessive mitophagy may be detrimental.Therefore,this review aims to investigate the potential mechanisms and regulators of mitophagy involved in the pathological processes of spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury.The goal is to provide a comprehensive understanding of recent advancements in mitophagy related to spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury and clarify its potential clinical applications.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFA1600800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22102102,22372102,22101185 and 22402122)+8 种基金Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.20231122120657001)the City University of Hong Kong Start-Up Fund(No.9020003)ITFRTH-Global STEM Professorship(No.9446006)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2020A1515010982)Research Team Cultivation Program of Shenzhen University(No.2023QNT013)Scientific Foundation for Youth Scholars of Shenzhen University(868-000001032185)Shenzhen Peacock Plan(Nos.20210308299C,RCJC20200714114434086 and 20231121175024001)Shenzhen Key Laboratory of 2D Metamaterials for Information Technology(No.ZDSYS201707271014468)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M742395)
文摘Photocatalytic oxidation of toluene to valuable benzaldehyde offers a promising pathway for sustainable production of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals.In this process,photogenerated holes play a crucial role in C(sp^(3))-H bond dissociation.However,the photocatalytic performance of current photocatalysts is often hindered by the low separation and transfer efficiency of photogenerated charges.In this work,we presented a perovskite-based heterostructure via in situ growth of defective WO_(3-x)nanosheets on Cs_(2)AgBiBr_(6)nanoparticles for photocatalytic toluene transformation.In situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy tests proved the introduction of oxygen-deficient WO_(3)-xcomponent enhanced the chemisorption of molecular oxygen.The in situ electron paramagnetic resonance and 4-chloro-7-nitro-1,2,3-benzoxadiazole fluorescence measurements further confirmed the presence of oxygen vacancies,and the formation of heterostructure synergistically accelerated the formation of the superoxide radicals and the transfer of photogenerated charge carriers.Under visible light irradiation,Cs_(2)AgBiBr_(6)/WO_(3-x)photocatalyst could effectively oxidize toluene toward benzaldehyde with a conversion rate of 9020μmol g^(-1)h^(-1),which was a 3.5-fold increase over that of the unmodified Cs_(2)AgBiBr_(6).
基金supported by the China National Key Research and Development Program"Integrated convection/radiation coupling terminals for local environment"(2022YFC3801502)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52108082,52130803,and 52394223)+2 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M732479)the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province of China(2024NSFSC0916)the New Cornerstone Science Foundation through the XPLORER PRIZE。
文摘Intermittent heating is an energy-saving heating mode,which can save energy in terms of time,and thus is worth promoting,particularly in residential heating scenarios.Conventional radiant heating terminals,that is floor heating,and convective heating terminals,that is fan coils,cannot achieve both intermittent and thermal comfort during intermittent heating.Therefore,this study proposes a switchable convective-radiant heating regulation method for floor heating and fan coils to achieve a comfortable indoor environment with high thermal response speed.Furthermore,a novel combined radiant-convective heating terminal was proposed for a reliable and effective solution.Results showed that the proposed switchable method could increase both intermittence and thermal comfort.In addition,the heating terminal showed better heating performance than the combination of two conventional terminals at the key points of heating capacity,flexibility,and thermal response.It could initially heat up a typical residential space within 20-40 min and then stabilize the room temperature in a comfortable range of 18-22℃,showing great potential for intermittent heating in room-scale heating conditions.This study provides a reference technique for intermittent heating with reduced system complexity and precise environmental control.
文摘In this work,a novel plasmon-assisted UV-vis-NIR-driven W_(18)O_(49)/Cd_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)S heterostructure photocatalyst was obtained by a facile ultrasonic-assisted electrostatic self-assembly strategy.The hybrid exhibits extraordinary H2 evolution activity of 147.7 mmol·g^(-1)·h^(-1) at room temperature due to the efficient charge separation and expanded light absorption.Our investigation shows that the unique Step-scheme(S-scheme)charge transfer and the‘hot electron’injection are both responsible for the extraordinary H2 evolution process,depending on the wavelength of the incident light.Moreover,by accelerating the surface reaction kinetics,the activity can be further elevated to 306.1 mmol·g^(-1)·h^(-1),accompanied by a high apparent quantum yield of 45.3% at 365±7.5 nm.This work provides us a potential strategy for the highly efficient conversion of the solar energy by elaborately combining a nonstoichiometric ratio plasmonic material with an appropriate active photocatalyst.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(51825802).
文摘The electrification of building heating is an effective way to meet the global carbon target. As a clean and sustainable electrified heating technology, air-source heat pumps (ASHPs) are widely used in areas lacking central heating. However, as a major component of space heating, heating terminals might not fit well with ASHP in order to achieve both intermittency and comfort. Therefore, this study proposes a novel radiation-adjustable heating terminal combined with an ASHP to achieve electrification, intermittency, and better thermal comfort. Radiant terminals currently suffer from three major problems: limited maximum heating capacity, inability to freely adapt, and difficulty with combining them with ASHPs. These problems were solved by improving the structural design of the novel terminal (Improvement A–E). Results showed that the maximum heating capacity increased by 23.6% and radiation heat transfer ratio from 10.1% to 30.9% was provided for users with the novel terminal. Further, new flat heat pipe (FHP) design improved stability (compressor oil return), intermittency (refrigerant thermal inertia), and safety (refrigerant leakage risk) by reducing the length of exposed refrigerant pipes. Furthermore, a new phased operation strategy was proposed for the novel terminal, and the adjustability of the terminal was improved. The results can be used as reference information for decarbonizing buildings by electrifying heating terminals.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21805191 and 21972094)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Founda-tion(No.2020A1515010982)+1 种基金Shenzhen Pengcheng Scholar Program,Shenzhen Peacock Plan(No.KQTD2016053112042971)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Nos.KQJSCX20170727100802505 and RCJC20200714114434086).
文摘Single-atom catalysts(SACs),with atomically dispersed metal atoms anchored on a typical support,representing the utmost utilization effi ciency of the atoms,have recently emerged as promising catalysts for a variety of catalytic applications.The electronic properties of the active center of SACs are highly dependent on the local environment constituted by the single metal atom and its surrounding coordination elements.Therefore,engineering the coordination environment near single metal sites,from the fi rst coordination shell to the second shell or higher,would be a rational way to design effi cient SACs with optimized electronic structure for catalytic applications.The wide range of coordination confi gurations,guaranteed by the multiple choices of the type and heterogeneity of the coordination element(N,O,P,S,etc.),further off er a large opportunity to rationally design SACs for satisfactory activities and investigate the structure-performance relationship.In this review,the coordination engineering of SACs by varying the type of coordination element was elaborated and the photocatalytic water splitting of SACs was highlighted.Finally,challenging issues related to the coordination engineering of SACs and their photocatalytic applications were discussed to call for more eff orts devoted to the further development of single-atom catalysis.
基金This work is supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFA1202200)the CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(No.YSBR-030)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation Program of China(No.12174383)H L Wang also acknowledges the support from the Youth Innovation Promotion Association,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.2021110).
文摘(Ga,Fe)Sb is a promising magnetic semiconductor(MS)for spintronic applications because its Curie temperature(T_(C))is above 300 K when the Fe concentration is higher than 20%.However,the anisotropy constant Ku of(Ga,Fe)Sb is below 7.6×10^(3)erg/cm^(3)when Fe concentration is lower than 30%,which is one order of magnitude lower than that of(Ga,Mn)As.To address this issue,we grew Ga_(1-x-y)Fe_(x)Ni_(y)Sb films with almost the same x(≈24%)and different y to characterize their magnetic and electrical transport properties.We found that the magnetic anisotropy of Ga_(0.76-y)Fe_(0.24)Ni_(y)Sb can be enhanced by increasing y,in which Ku is negligible at y=1.7%but increases to 3.8×10^(5)erg/cm^(3)at y=6.1%(T_(C)=354 K).In addition,the hole mobility(μ)of Ga_(1-x-y)Fe_(x)Ni_(y)Sb reaches 31.3 cm^(2)/(V∙s)at x=23.7%,y=1.7%(T_(C)=319 K),which is much higher than the mobility of Ga_(1-x)Fe_(x)Sb at x=25.2%(μ=6.2 cm^(2)/(V∙s)).Our results provide useful information for enhancing the magnetic anisotropy and hole mobility of(Ga,Fe)Sb by using Ni co-doping.
基金supported by the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF under Grant Number GZB20240379the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52394223,52425801,52130803,and 52408102)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grants No.BK20241348).
文摘Building energy consumption is mainly influenced by thermal load,equipment efficiency,service space,and operating time.While extensive research has focused on reducing load and improving efficiency,significant energy-saving potential remains in optimizing time and space of usage.This study proposes a novel convective-radiant desktop-based terminal that integrates personalized environmental control system with convective-radiant terminals,enabling“part-time,localized-space”operations to enhance energy savings.It includes a discussion on the structural design of the device and experimental analysis of its local environmental control and intermittent operation.The design incorporates a convective heat exchanger and radiant panel embedded in a height-adjustable desktop.Experimental results showed that the combination of the radiant panel and air outlet beneath the desktop accumulates heat in this area during heating,creating a“cool head,warm feet”thermal comfort effect.The maximum vertical temperature difference was 0.7℃ in radiation mode.For intermittent operation,the temperature response matching coefficient(TRMC)of the proposed terminal was 3.4 times that of floor heating and 2.1 times that of fan coil units,indicating superior performance.Besides,this novel terminal provides effective thermal comfort in both sitting and standing positions,offering potential energy savings in open-plan offices.By extending the room temperature setpoint to 16–18℃ in winter,the terminal can reduce energy consumption by 3.64%–12.52%.These findings provide a reference for personalized environmental control systems and intermittent heating strategies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52478100,No.52425801,No.52130803,No.52408102)the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(2024NSFSC0916)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20241348).
文摘Fiber-optics daylighting system(FODS)demonstrates significant potential for enhancing natural light utilization efficiency while enabling a more continuous visible spectrum illumination to support circadian rhythm regulation.It offers a promising solution for both building energy efficiency and indoor light environment comfort improvement.However,conventional FODS face critical limitations,including low coupling efficiency at the collector-fiber interface and uneven illumination distribution,which impede its practical application.Recent advancements in optical technology present new opportunities for performance optimization of the FODS.Departing from traditional homogenization approaches reliant on optical homogenizers,this study introduces a freeform-caustics-based collector design with discretized energy distribution across the receiving plane.This innovative freeform fiber-optics daylighting system(FFODS)simultaneously addresses localized thermal accumulation and improves coupling efficiency.Furthermore,diffuse transmission materials and a freeform lens are integrated as a dual-functional diffuser to reshaping emitted light and precisely manipulate optical wave fronts,thereby achieving stable and uniform illumination in the targeted area.On this basis,a systematically simulation analysis on the thermal characteristics and photometric performance of the system was conducted.The results validate that the FFODS achieves a 98.5%coupling efficiency with a 126 times reduction in geometric concentration ratio compared to Fresnel lens collector.The diffuser maintains illumination uniformity above 0.8 under bending and adjustment conditions,while realizing 91.5%workspace illumination efficiency in the targeted area.Overall,this novel FFODS provides a transformative technique for advancing conventional FODS with high efficiency and illumination uniformity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant 52478100,52425801,52130803,52408102)the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(2024NSFSC0916)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M732479)Sichuan Province Innovative Talent Funding Project for Postdoctoral Fellows(BX202218).
文摘Occupant-centric localized heating/cooling is crucial for advancing building carbon neutrality and enhancing habitation quality.This strategy hinges on achieving precise match between thermal supply and individual demand across both temporal and spatial scales,thereby minimizing unnecessary energy consumption.However,current research mainly relies on room-scale analyses that overlook fine-grained behavioral variabilities and personalized spatial preferences,constraining the development of refined environmental control systems.To address this gap,this study presents an occupant-centric method for indoor occupancy pattern analysis,introducing a Present Demand-Next Demand segment-based modeling framework that incorporates migration pathways and behavioral rhythms.It enhances the accuracy of behavioral pattern reconstruction and enables responsive,high-resolution environmental control.The framework supports the extraction of individual-scale occupancy patterns,facilitating dynamic and adaptive heating/cooling strategies.On this basis,the individual occupancy patterns of a three-person household was analyzed with field-tested positioning data.Results show that Resident Zones(RZs)account for over 85% of dwelling time while occupying only a small spatial fraction,indicating energy-saving potential through localized regulation.Behavioral analysis further reveals that different occupants exhibit distinct spatial preferences with strong connectivity between preferred zones,and that fixed transfer tendencies occur at specific times,suggesting opportunities for personalized control strategies.Moreover,different spatial clustering methods demonstrated distinct strengths under varying activity intensities,highlighting their complementarity for individual-scale behavioral analysis.Overall,this research provides support for advancing personalized environmental control,offering actionable insights for demand-responsive systems and performance-based building simulations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21972094 and 21805191)Guangdong Special Support Program+4 种基金Pengcheng Scholar ProgramChina Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2019M653004)Shenzhen Peacock Plan(KQTD2016053112042971)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(JCYJ20190808142001745,JCYJ20200812160737002,and RCJC20200714114434086)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2020A1515010982)。
文摘A merger of copper catalysis and semiconductor photocatalysis using polymeric carbon nitride(PCN)for multi-type cross-coupling reactions was developed.This dual-catalytic system enables mild C-H arylation,chalcogenation,and C-N cross-coupling reactions under visible light irradiation with a broad substrate scope.Good-to-excellent yields were obtained with appreciable site selectivity and functional group tolerance.Metal-free and low-cost PCN photocatalyst can easily be recovered and reused several times.
文摘In this study,the effects of solar wind on an electric sail(E-sail)are modeled and analyzed using an absolute nodal coordinate formulation(ANCF).First,the thrust of the charged metal tether that makes up the E-sail was analyzed and a model was established.Numerical simulations of a single metal tether were performed.Then,an overall E-sail model was established using the connection matrix,and E-sails subjected to different angular velocities were compared.Simulation results of the ANCF model and a dumbbell model were compared at different angular velocities.The results confirm that with a relatively high angular velocity,the flexible metal chain can be approximately regarded as a rigid body.However,with a small angular velocity,the flexibility of the metal chain cannot be ignored.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52130803,No.52394220)the New Cornerstone Science Foundation through the XPLORER PRIZE,Sichuan Province Innovative Talent Funding Project for Postdoctoral Fellows(BX202218)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M732479)and Tsinghua University-Mercedes Benz Institute for Sustainable Mobility。
文摘In hot climates,the large amount of cooling load in electric vehicle(EV)results in a lot of battery energy consumption,leading the decrease of driving range.With the widespread application of windows in EV,the electrochromic glass(EC)shows great prospect in lowering the cooling load.However,researches on the application of EC in EV lack the consideration of both passive cooling measures and passenger comfort,which limits the further application of EC.In this paper,we proposed an idea combining the novel techniques of both electrochromism and radiative cooling.Computational fluid dynamics(CFD)is modeled to simulate the application of electrochromic and radiative cooling coupled smart windows in hot parking conditions,exploring the improvement effect of the window on the thermal environment,comfort and energy saving of the EV.The results indicate that,under the intense sunlight with an outdoor temperature of 33℃,activating the air conditioning to maintain an average interior temperature of 26℃,the coupled windows reduced the cooling capacity of the air conditioning by 762 W compared to regular windows,which can further increase the range of EV.Meanwhile,compared to simple electrochromic fully colored glass,the integration of radiative cooling technology can lower the window surface temperature by up to 10.7℃.Moreover,compared to regular windows,the coupled windows lowered the standard effective temperature(SET*)for passengers by approximately 7℃,significantly improving comfort.These research findings are expected to provide guidance for optimizing window design and enhancing the performance of EV.
基金the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22102102,21805191 and 21972094)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2021T140472)+4 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2020A1515010982)Educational Commission of Guangdong Province(No.839-0000013131)Shenzhen Stable Support Project(Nos.20200812160737002 and 20200812122947002)Shenzhen Peacock Plan(Nos.KQTD2016053112042971,20210308299C,20180921273B,20210802524B,and 827-000421)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Nos.JCYJ20190808142001745 and RCJC20200714114434086)。
文摘Nature has provided us the assurance and inspiration for thousands of years in synthesizing value-added chemicals,with the assistance of reactive hydrogen species,and water as the ultimate hydrogen source.However,the natural photosynthesis is inefficient due to some intrinsic properties,urging people not only to learn from but also surpass during nature imitation.In this review,we summarized recent progresses on reactive hydrogen species-assisted nanocatalytic reduction of organic molecules towards value-added fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals,with water as the hydrogen source,and especially highlighted how photocatalytically or electrocatalytically evolved reactive hydrogen species synergize with biocatalytic centers and nanocatalytic sites for reduction of organic molecules.The design principles of collaborative semi-artificial systems and nanocatalytic artificial systems,the structure tuning of catalysts for the evolution and utilization of hydrogen species,and the determination of reactive hydrogen species for mechanistic insights were discussed in detail.Finally,perspectives were provided for further advancing this emerging area of nanocatalytic reduction of organic molecules from water(or proton)and organics.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFA1600800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21972094,22372102,and22102102)+3 种基金the Educational Commission of Guangdong Province(839-0000013131)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Re-search Foundation(2020A1515010982)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(RCJC20200714114434086 and 20221425)the Research Team Cultivation Program of Shenzhen University(2023QNT013)。
文摘Pyrimidines and their derivatives are widely found in natural products,agrochemicals,and pharmaceutical compounds,such as osimertinib,tofacitinnib,nilotinib,and fluoxastrobin(Fig.S1 online)[1].Considering their significance,the effective construction of pyrimidines has gained considerable attention[2,3].
