Proper treatment of acidleaching tailings(ALTs)of vanadiumbearing stone coal minerals is of great urgency.One approach is adding it into the raw materials during the preparation of lightweight aggregate(LWA).But clay ...Proper treatment of acidleaching tailings(ALTs)of vanadiumbearing stone coal minerals is of great urgency.One approach is adding it into the raw materials during the preparation of lightweight aggregate(LWA).But clay is always needed.In this paper,another solid waste,red mud,was mixed with ALTs as a source of flux components instead of clay.Evaluation of the physical characteristics,morphological structures,as well as crystal phases during the sintering process were investigated.When their mixtures with a proper ratio were sintered at 1080℃,a glassy phase with certain viscosity was formed,and the gases generated simultaneously were encapsulated by the melt.Finally,LWA with a onehour water absorption as low as 1.46%,a bulk density as low as 728.76 kgm 3 and a compressive strength as high as 10.77 MPa was fabricated.展开更多
Following the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),several severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)-related coronaviruses have been discovered.Previous research has identified a novel line...Following the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),several severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)-related coronaviruses have been discovered.Previous research has identified a novel lineage of SARS-CoV-2-related CoVs in bats,including RsYN04,which recognizes human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2)and thus poses a potential threat to humans.Here,we screened the binding of the RsYN04receptor-binding domain(RBD)to ACE2 orthologs from 52animal species and found that the virus showed a narrower ACE2-binding spectrum than SARS-CoV-2.However,the presence of the T484W mutation in the RsYN04 RBD broadened its range.We also evaluated 44 SARS-CoV-2antibodies targeting seven epitope communities in the SARS-CoV-2 RBD,together with serum obtained from COVID-19 convalescents and vaccinees,to determine their cross-reaction against RsYN04.Results showed that no antibodies,except for the RBD-6 and RBD-7 classes,bound to the RsYN04 RBD,indicating substantial immune differences from SARS-CoV-2.Furthermore,the structure of the RsYN04 RBD in complex with cross-reactive antibody S43 in RBD-7 revealed a potently broad epitope for the development of therapeutics and vaccines.Our findings suggest RsYN04 and other viruses belonging to the same clade have the potential to infect several species,including humans,highlighting the necessity for viral surveillance and development of broad anticoronavirus countermeasures.展开更多
A key point in building a contemporary energy system is the search for sustainable and green energy.Many green energy sources exist in the road or pavement domain,such as solar,thermal,wind,and mechanical energy,etc.U...A key point in building a contemporary energy system is the search for sustainable and green energy.Many green energy sources exist in the road or pavement domain,such as solar,thermal,wind,and mechanical energy,etc.Under the repeated vehicle loads,stresses and strains are generated in the pavement,which can generate substantial mechanical energy.In recent two decades,there has been a growing scholarly preference for utilizing the piezoelectric effect to convert mechanical energy from pavement into electricity to supply low-power transportation facilities,pavement sensors,etc.This paper provides an in-depth review of state-of-the-art advances in road piezoelectric energy harvesters.The basic principle of piezoelectric energy harvesting and common piezoelectric materials were briefly introduced.The piezoelectric energy harvesters suitable for roads are thoroughly reviewed from five perspectives:structure,finite element analyses,protective packaging,management circuit,and application.Finally,the challenges faced by piezoelectric energy harvesters for pavements were summarized,and the potential research directions were also proposed.This review serves as a valuable reference for advancing road piezoelectric harvesting technology development.展开更多
We present the novel capabilities of the enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry(eXTP)mission to study the strong gravity region around stellar-mass black holes in X-ray binary systems and supermassive black holes in ac...We present the novel capabilities of the enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry(eXTP)mission to study the strong gravity region around stellar-mass black holes in X-ray binary systems and supermassive black holes in active galactic nuclei.eXTP can combine X-ray spectral,timing,and polarimetric techniques to study the accretion process near black holes,measure black hole masses and spins,and test Einstein's theory of General Relativity in the strong field regime.We show how eXTP can improve the current measurements of black holes of existing X-ray missions and we discuss the scientific questions that can be addressed.展开更多
In this paper we present the science potential of the enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry(eXTP)mission,in its new configuration,for studies of strongly magnetized compact objects.We discuss the scientific potential ...In this paper we present the science potential of the enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry(eXTP)mission,in its new configuration,for studies of strongly magnetized compact objects.We discuss the scientific potential of eXTP for quantum electrodynamic(QED)studies,especially leveraging the recent observations made with the NASA IXPE mission.Given eXTP’s unique combination of timing,spectroscopy,and polarimetry,we focus on the perspectives for physics and astrophysics studies of strongly magnetized compact objects,such as magnetars and accreting X-ray pulsars.Developed by an international Consortium led by the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,the eXTP mission is expected to launch in early 2030.展开更多
In this paper,we present the current status of the enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry mission,which has been fully approved for launch in 2030.eXTP is a space science mission designed to study fundamental physics u...In this paper,we present the current status of the enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry mission,which has been fully approved for launch in 2030.eXTP is a space science mission designed to study fundamental physics under extreme conditions of matter density,gravity,and magnetism.The mission aims at determining the equation of state of matter at supra-nuclear density,measuring the effects of quantum electro-dynamics,and understanding the dynamics of matter in strong-field gravity.In addition to investigating fundamental physics,the eXTP mission is poised to become a leading observatory for time-domain and multi-messenger astronomy in the 2030s,as well as providing observations of unprecedented quality on a variety of galactic and extragalactic objects.After briefly introducing the history and a summary of the scientific objectives of the eXTP mission,this paper presents a comprehensive overview of:(1)the cutting-edge technology,technical specifications,and anticipated performance of the mission’s scientific instruments;(2)the full mission profile,encompassing spacecraft design,operational capabilities,and ground segment infrastructure.展开更多
We regret that this statement"This work was supported by China's Space Origins Exploration Program."was omitted in the beginning of the Acknowledgements.[1].
The ideal photodynamic therapy(PDT)should effectively remove the primary tumor,and produce a stronger immune memory effect to inhibit the tumor recurrence and tumor metastasis.However,limited by the hypoxic and immuno...The ideal photodynamic therapy(PDT)should effectively remove the primary tumor,and produce a stronger immune memory effect to inhibit the tumor recurrence and tumor metastasis.However,limited by the hypoxic and immunosuppressive microenvironment,the PDT efficiency is apparently low.Here,Chlorella(Chl.)is exploited to enhance local effect by producing oxygen to reverse hypoxia,and release adjuvants to reverse immunosuppressive microenvironment to enhance abscopal effect afterwards.Results from different animal models indicated that Chl.could enhance local effect and PDT related immune response.Ultimately,Chl.coupled PDT elicited anti-tumor effects toward established primary tumors(inhibition rate:90%)and abscopal tumors(75%),controlled the challenged tumors(100%)and alleviated metastatic tumors(90%).This Chl.coupled PDT strategy can also produce a stronger anti-tumor immune memory effect.Overall,this Chl.coupled PDT strategy generates enhanced local tumor killing,boosts PDT-induced immune responses and promotes anti-tumor immune memory effect,which may be a great progress for realizing systemic effect of PDT.展开更多
Almost all the neutralizing antibodies targeting the receptor-binding domain(RBD)of spike(S)protein show weakened or lost efficacy against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)emerged or emerging...Almost all the neutralizing antibodies targeting the receptor-binding domain(RBD)of spike(S)protein show weakened or lost efficacy against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)emerged or emerging variants,such as Omicron and its sub-variants.This suggests that highly conserved epitopes are crucial for the development of neutralizing antibodies.Here,we present one nanobody,N235,displaying broad neutralization against the SARS-CoV-2 prototype and multiple variants,including the newly emerged Omicron and its sub-variants.Cryo-electron microscopy demonstrates N235 binds a novel,conserved,cryptic epitope in the N-terminal domain(NTD)of the S protein,which interferes with the RBD in the neighboring S protein.The neutralization mechanism interpreted via flow cytometry and Western blot shows that N235 appears to induce the S1 subunit shedding from the trimeric S complex.Furthermore,a nano-IgM construct(MN235),engineered by fusing N235 with the human IgM Fc region,displays prevention via inducing S1 shedding and cross-linking virus particles.Compared to N235,MN235 exhibits varied enhancement in neutralization against pseudotyped and authentic viruses in vitro.The intranasal administration of MN235 in low doses can effectively prevent the infection of Omicron sub-variant BA.1 and XBB in vivo,suggesting that it can be developed as a promising prophylactic antibody to cope with the ongoing and future infection.展开更多
文摘Proper treatment of acidleaching tailings(ALTs)of vanadiumbearing stone coal minerals is of great urgency.One approach is adding it into the raw materials during the preparation of lightweight aggregate(LWA).But clay is always needed.In this paper,another solid waste,red mud,was mixed with ALTs as a source of flux components instead of clay.Evaluation of the physical characteristics,morphological structures,as well as crystal phases during the sintering process were investigated.When their mixtures with a proper ratio were sintered at 1080℃,a glassy phase with certain viscosity was formed,and the gases generated simultaneously were encapsulated by the melt.Finally,LWA with a onehour water absorption as low as 1.46%,a bulk density as low as 728.76 kgm 3 and a compressive strength as high as 10.77 MPa was fabricated.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFC2303403)National Natural Science Foundation of China (82225021)supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (YSBR-010 and Y2022037)。
文摘Following the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),several severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)-related coronaviruses have been discovered.Previous research has identified a novel lineage of SARS-CoV-2-related CoVs in bats,including RsYN04,which recognizes human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2)and thus poses a potential threat to humans.Here,we screened the binding of the RsYN04receptor-binding domain(RBD)to ACE2 orthologs from 52animal species and found that the virus showed a narrower ACE2-binding spectrum than SARS-CoV-2.However,the presence of the T484W mutation in the RsYN04 RBD broadened its range.We also evaluated 44 SARS-CoV-2antibodies targeting seven epitope communities in the SARS-CoV-2 RBD,together with serum obtained from COVID-19 convalescents and vaccinees,to determine their cross-reaction against RsYN04.Results showed that no antibodies,except for the RBD-6 and RBD-7 classes,bound to the RsYN04 RBD,indicating substantial immune differences from SARS-CoV-2.Furthermore,the structure of the RsYN04 RBD in complex with cross-reactive antibody S43 in RBD-7 revealed a potently broad epitope for the development of therapeutics and vaccines.Our findings suggest RsYN04 and other viruses belonging to the same clade have the potential to infect several species,including humans,highlighting the necessity for viral surveillance and development of broad anticoronavirus countermeasures.
基金partly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.5247082732the Shaanxi Provincial Transportation Technology Project under Grant No.24-58k+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of CHD under Grant No.300102214909the Scientific Innovation Practice Project of Postgraduates of Chang'an University under Grant No.300103723024Scientific Research Fund of Xinjiang Transportation Design Institute under Grant No.KY2022080901 and KY2022042501。
文摘A key point in building a contemporary energy system is the search for sustainable and green energy.Many green energy sources exist in the road or pavement domain,such as solar,thermal,wind,and mechanical energy,etc.Under the repeated vehicle loads,stresses and strains are generated in the pavement,which can generate substantial mechanical energy.In recent two decades,there has been a growing scholarly preference for utilizing the piezoelectric effect to convert mechanical energy from pavement into electricity to supply low-power transportation facilities,pavement sensors,etc.This paper provides an in-depth review of state-of-the-art advances in road piezoelectric energy harvesters.The basic principle of piezoelectric energy harvesting and common piezoelectric materials were briefly introduced.The piezoelectric energy harvesters suitable for roads are thoroughly reviewed from five perspectives:structure,finite element analyses,protective packaging,management circuit,and application.Finally,the challenges faced by piezoelectric energy harvesters for pavements were summarized,and the potential research directions were also proposed.This review serves as a valuable reference for advancing road piezoelectric harvesting technology development.
基金supported by China’s Space Origins Exploration Programsupported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12333007)+3 种基金the International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.113111KYSB20190020)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDA15020100)support from the Academy of Finland(Grant No.355672)supported in part by Nord Forsk.
文摘We present the novel capabilities of the enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry(eXTP)mission to study the strong gravity region around stellar-mass black holes in X-ray binary systems and supermassive black holes in active galactic nuclei.eXTP can combine X-ray spectral,timing,and polarimetric techniques to study the accretion process near black holes,measure black hole masses and spins,and test Einstein's theory of General Relativity in the strong field regime.We show how eXTP can improve the current measurements of black holes of existing X-ray missions and we discuss the scientific questions that can be addressed.
基金supported by the China’s Space Origins Exploration Programthe National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No.2021YFA0718500)+10 种基金the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.12373051,12273028,12173103,12261141691,and 12003009)the support by the Italian MUR (grant PRIN 2022 - 2022LWPEXW grant,“An X-ray view of compact objects in polarized light”,CUP C53D23001180006)the German Research Foundation (DFG) grant WE 1312/59-1 for financial supportUKRI Stephen Hawking fellowshipthe support by UKRI STFC (Grant No.ST/W507891/1)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.12333007)the International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No.113111KYSB20190020)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No.XDA15020100)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.12373041,and 12422306)the Bagui Scholars Program (XF)supported by STFC (Grant No.ST/Y001060/1)。
文摘In this paper we present the science potential of the enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry(eXTP)mission,in its new configuration,for studies of strongly magnetized compact objects.We discuss the scientific potential of eXTP for quantum electrodynamic(QED)studies,especially leveraging the recent observations made with the NASA IXPE mission.Given eXTP’s unique combination of timing,spectroscopy,and polarimetry,we focus on the perspectives for physics and astrophysics studies of strongly magnetized compact objects,such as magnetars and accreting X-ray pulsars.Developed by an international Consortium led by the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,the eXTP mission is expected to launch in early 2030.
基金the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12333007)the International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.113111KYSB20190020)+4 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDA15020100)support by ASI,under the dedicated eXTP agreements and agreement ASI-INAF n.2017-14-H.O.by INAF and INFN under project REDSOXsupport from the Deutsche Zentrum für Luft-und Raumfahrt,the German Aerospace Center(DLR)support from MINECO grant ESP2017-82674-R and FEDER funds.
文摘In this paper,we present the current status of the enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry mission,which has been fully approved for launch in 2030.eXTP is a space science mission designed to study fundamental physics under extreme conditions of matter density,gravity,and magnetism.The mission aims at determining the equation of state of matter at supra-nuclear density,measuring the effects of quantum electro-dynamics,and understanding the dynamics of matter in strong-field gravity.In addition to investigating fundamental physics,the eXTP mission is poised to become a leading observatory for time-domain and multi-messenger astronomy in the 2030s,as well as providing observations of unprecedented quality on a variety of galactic and extragalactic objects.After briefly introducing the history and a summary of the scientific objectives of the eXTP mission,this paper presents a comprehensive overview of:(1)the cutting-edge technology,technical specifications,and anticipated performance of the mission’s scientific instruments;(2)the full mission profile,encompassing spacecraft design,operational capabilities,and ground segment infrastructure.
文摘We regret that this statement"This work was supported by China's Space Origins Exploration Program."was omitted in the beginning of the Acknowledgements.[1].
基金This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China(2022YFC2303403 and 2021YFA1301404)CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(YSBR-010)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(82225021 and 81830050)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB29040203)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association,CAS(Y2022037).
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFA0205400)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31872755,81872811,32171372)+1 种基金Jiangsu Outstanding Youth Funding(BK20190007)supported by the Central Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(02141438473).
文摘The ideal photodynamic therapy(PDT)should effectively remove the primary tumor,and produce a stronger immune memory effect to inhibit the tumor recurrence and tumor metastasis.However,limited by the hypoxic and immunosuppressive microenvironment,the PDT efficiency is apparently low.Here,Chlorella(Chl.)is exploited to enhance local effect by producing oxygen to reverse hypoxia,and release adjuvants to reverse immunosuppressive microenvironment to enhance abscopal effect afterwards.Results from different animal models indicated that Chl.could enhance local effect and PDT related immune response.Ultimately,Chl.coupled PDT elicited anti-tumor effects toward established primary tumors(inhibition rate:90%)and abscopal tumors(75%),controlled the challenged tumors(100%)and alleviated metastatic tumors(90%).This Chl.coupled PDT strategy can also produce a stronger anti-tumor immune memory effect.Overall,this Chl.coupled PDT strategy generates enhanced local tumor killing,boosts PDT-induced immune responses and promotes anti-tumor immune memory effect,which may be a great progress for realizing systemic effect of PDT.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFC2303403)the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(82225021)supported by the Young Scientists in Basic Research(YSBR-010).
文摘Almost all the neutralizing antibodies targeting the receptor-binding domain(RBD)of spike(S)protein show weakened or lost efficacy against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)emerged or emerging variants,such as Omicron and its sub-variants.This suggests that highly conserved epitopes are crucial for the development of neutralizing antibodies.Here,we present one nanobody,N235,displaying broad neutralization against the SARS-CoV-2 prototype and multiple variants,including the newly emerged Omicron and its sub-variants.Cryo-electron microscopy demonstrates N235 binds a novel,conserved,cryptic epitope in the N-terminal domain(NTD)of the S protein,which interferes with the RBD in the neighboring S protein.The neutralization mechanism interpreted via flow cytometry and Western blot shows that N235 appears to induce the S1 subunit shedding from the trimeric S complex.Furthermore,a nano-IgM construct(MN235),engineered by fusing N235 with the human IgM Fc region,displays prevention via inducing S1 shedding and cross-linking virus particles.Compared to N235,MN235 exhibits varied enhancement in neutralization against pseudotyped and authentic viruses in vitro.The intranasal administration of MN235 in low doses can effectively prevent the infection of Omicron sub-variant BA.1 and XBB in vivo,suggesting that it can be developed as a promising prophylactic antibody to cope with the ongoing and future infection.
