Electrochemical CO_(2) reduction reaction( CO_(2)RR) represents a sustainable approach to alleviate theglobal concern associated with excessive CO_(2) emission. Recently,metal-based sulfides are emerged as a special c...Electrochemical CO_(2) reduction reaction( CO_(2)RR) represents a sustainable approach to alleviate theglobal concern associated with excessive CO_(2) emission. Recently,metal-based sulfides are emerged as a special class ofelectrocatalysts for efficient formate production, which howeversuffer from massive S loss during CO_(2)RR due to thecompositional reduction. Herein, we synthesize a series of tinsulfides with high crystallinity (i.e., SnS, Sn_(2)S_(3), and SnS_(2)) asmodel catalysts, and reveal that the strength distribution ofSn–S bonds in atomic configurations is essential for efficientformate production. Typically, the strong and uniformly distributedSn–S bonds in SnS_(2) are beneficial for inhibiting Sleaching and forming favorable Sn/SnS_(2) heterointerfaces for CO_(2)RR, while the weaker Sn–S bonds in SnS promote the reductioninto metallic Sn. Specially, the Sn_(2)S_(3) with mixedbonding strengths undergoes consecutive dissociation, startingfrom cleaving the weakest Sn–S bonds and then inducingaccelerative reduction. Resultantly, the SnS_(2) achieves thehighest Faraday efficiency of 93.8%±0.59% at −1.0 VRHE and ahigh partial current density of 195.3 mA cm^(−2) at −1.2 VRHE.This study could provide insight into the role of metal-sulfurbonds in catalysts for efficient CO_(2)-to-formate conversion.展开更多
Background:Neuroblastoma(NB)is a malignant pediatric tumor requiring new therapies.Accumulating evidence has confirmed that microRNAs play critical roles in NBmetastasis.Dihydroartemisinin(DHA)is capable of inhibiting...Background:Neuroblastoma(NB)is a malignant pediatric tumor requiring new therapies.Accumulating evidence has confirmed that microRNAs play critical roles in NBmetastasis.Dihydroartemisinin(DHA)is capable of inhibiting the growth of NB cells.The primary objective of the current investigation was to characterize a newly discovered microRNA,miR-32-5p,in terms of the functional role,underlying mechanism of action,and potential synergistic therapeutic impact in the context of NB metastasis.Materials and methods:Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were employed to assess the expression levels of miR-32-5p and its target,vacuolar protein sorting 4B(VPS4B).Furthermore,Transwell assay was utilized to evaluate in vitro cell migration and invasion,whereas a metastasis xenograft model was established in nude mice via caudal vein injections.Results:Gene Expression Omnibus database and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that miR-32-5p was downregulated in human NB samples and NB cell lines,in comparison with the normal tissue and cell lines.Inhibiting miR-32-5p induced the migration and invasion of NB cells,whereas overexpression of miR-32-5p prevented the migration and invasion in NB cell lines.Furthermore,VPS4B was identified as the direct target ofmiR-32-5p and themiR-32-5p reduction associated with NB metastasis upregulated the expression of VPS4B.Conversely,overexpression of VPS4B reversed the suppressive effects ofmiR-32-5p onNB cells.Moreover,miR-32-5p increased the sensitivity to DHA both in NB cells and in the metastasis xenograft model of nude mice.Conclusions:The downregulation of miR-32-5p in NB regulates NB metastasis by targeting VPS4B.Moreover,miR-32-5b can improve the sensitivity of DHA in the xenograft mouse model.Our findings have important implications for the combined application of miR-32-5p and DHA in the treatment of NB.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22479048, 22109044)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai, China (22ZR1418500)+1 种基金the Start-up Funds from the East China University of Science and Technologythe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘Electrochemical CO_(2) reduction reaction( CO_(2)RR) represents a sustainable approach to alleviate theglobal concern associated with excessive CO_(2) emission. Recently,metal-based sulfides are emerged as a special class ofelectrocatalysts for efficient formate production, which howeversuffer from massive S loss during CO_(2)RR due to thecompositional reduction. Herein, we synthesize a series of tinsulfides with high crystallinity (i.e., SnS, Sn_(2)S_(3), and SnS_(2)) asmodel catalysts, and reveal that the strength distribution ofSn–S bonds in atomic configurations is essential for efficientformate production. Typically, the strong and uniformly distributedSn–S bonds in SnS_(2) are beneficial for inhibiting Sleaching and forming favorable Sn/SnS_(2) heterointerfaces for CO_(2)RR, while the weaker Sn–S bonds in SnS promote the reductioninto metallic Sn. Specially, the Sn_(2)S_(3) with mixedbonding strengths undergoes consecutive dissociation, startingfrom cleaving the weakest Sn–S bonds and then inducingaccelerative reduction. Resultantly, the SnS_(2) achieves thehighest Faraday efficiency of 93.8%±0.59% at −1.0 VRHE and ahigh partial current density of 195.3 mA cm^(−2) at −1.2 VRHE.This study could provide insight into the role of metal-sulfurbonds in catalysts for efficient CO_(2)-to-formate conversion.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central PublicWelfare Research Institutes(grant ZZ13-YQ-100)the NationalNatural Science Foundation of China(grants 82274181 and 82141001)+1 种基金Innovation Fund of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(grantsCI2021A05106,CI2021A04611,andZZ16-ND-10-01)Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(CI2021B015,CI2023E001TS12).
文摘Background:Neuroblastoma(NB)is a malignant pediatric tumor requiring new therapies.Accumulating evidence has confirmed that microRNAs play critical roles in NBmetastasis.Dihydroartemisinin(DHA)is capable of inhibiting the growth of NB cells.The primary objective of the current investigation was to characterize a newly discovered microRNA,miR-32-5p,in terms of the functional role,underlying mechanism of action,and potential synergistic therapeutic impact in the context of NB metastasis.Materials and methods:Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were employed to assess the expression levels of miR-32-5p and its target,vacuolar protein sorting 4B(VPS4B).Furthermore,Transwell assay was utilized to evaluate in vitro cell migration and invasion,whereas a metastasis xenograft model was established in nude mice via caudal vein injections.Results:Gene Expression Omnibus database and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that miR-32-5p was downregulated in human NB samples and NB cell lines,in comparison with the normal tissue and cell lines.Inhibiting miR-32-5p induced the migration and invasion of NB cells,whereas overexpression of miR-32-5p prevented the migration and invasion in NB cell lines.Furthermore,VPS4B was identified as the direct target ofmiR-32-5p and themiR-32-5p reduction associated with NB metastasis upregulated the expression of VPS4B.Conversely,overexpression of VPS4B reversed the suppressive effects ofmiR-32-5p onNB cells.Moreover,miR-32-5p increased the sensitivity to DHA both in NB cells and in the metastasis xenograft model of nude mice.Conclusions:The downregulation of miR-32-5p in NB regulates NB metastasis by targeting VPS4B.Moreover,miR-32-5b can improve the sensitivity of DHA in the xenograft mouse model.Our findings have important implications for the combined application of miR-32-5p and DHA in the treatment of NB.
