The purpose of this study was to clarify effects of selected oligosaccharides on concentrations of cecal short-chain fatty acids （SCFAs）, total large bowel wet weight and wall weight, and cecal microbiota levels in ...The purpose of this study was to clarify effects of selected oligosaccharides on concentrations of cecal short-chain fatty acids （SCFAs）, total large bowel wet weight and wall weight, and cecal microbiota levels in mice. Mice were respectively given gavage of selected fructooligosaccharides （FOS）, galactooligosaccharides （GOS）, mannanoligosaccharides （MOS）, and ehitooligosaccharides （COS） [1000 mg/（kg body weightd）]. Control group was given physiological saline solution. After 14 d treatment, SCFAs and lactate in mice cecum were significantly increased （P〈0.05） by intake of oligosaccharides, especially FOS and GOS. Thus, providing these oligosaccharides as ingredients in nutritional formulas may benefit the gastrointestinal tract.展开更多
Immunoglobulin Y(Ig Y)is an effective orally administered antibody used to protect against various intestinal pathogens,but which cannot tolerate the acidic gastric environment.In this study,Ig Y was microencapsulated...Immunoglobulin Y(Ig Y)is an effective orally administered antibody used to protect against various intestinal pathogens,but which cannot tolerate the acidic gastric environment.In this study,Ig Y was microencapsulated by alginate(ALG)and coated with chitooligosaccharide(COS).A response surface methodology was used to optimize the formulation,and a simulated gastrointestinal(GI)digestion(SGID)system to evaluate the controlled release of microencapsulated Ig Y.The microcapsule formulation was optimized as an ALG concentration of 1.56%(15.6 g/L),COS level of 0.61%(6.1 g/L),and Ig Y/ALG ratio of 62.44%(mass ratio).The microcapsules prepared following this formulation had an encapsulation efficiency of 65.19%,a loading capacity of 33.75%,and an average particle size of 588.75μm.Under this optimum formulation,the coating of COS provided a less porous and more continuous microstructure by filling the cracks on the surface,and thus the GI release rate of encapsulated Ig Y was significantly reduced.The release of encapsulated Ig Y during simulated gastric and intestinal digestion well fitted the zero-order and first-order kinetics functions,respectively.The microcapsule also allowed the Ig Y to retain 84.37%immune-activity after 4 h simulated GI digestion,significantly higher than that for unprotected Ig Y(5.33%).This approach could provide an efficient way to preserve Ig Y and improve its performance in the GI tract.展开更多
We investigated the effects of fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) on growth performance and humoral immune response of the large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea R.). One thousand and two hundred large yellow croakers...We investigated the effects of fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) on growth performance and humoral immune response of the large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea R.). One thousand and two hundred large yellow croakers [initial average weight: (162.75±23.85) g] were divided into four groups and reared in floating sea cages (3 m×3 m×3 m). The animals were fed with 4 diets: basal diet only (control) or diets supplemented with 5%, 10% and 15% (w/w) FPH. The results show that dietary FPH levels significantly influenced the growth and immunity of the large yellow croaker. Compared with the control group, total weight gain (TWG) in all treatment groups, relative weight gain (RWG) and specific growth rate (SGR) in fish fed with diets supplemented with 10% and 15% FPH were significantly increased (P<0.05). Similar results were observed in immune parameters [lysozyme activity, serum complements, immunoglobulin M (IgM)]. Lysozyme activity, complement C4 and IgM were also significantly increased (P<0.05) in fish fed with diets supplemented with 10% and 15% FPH, while complement C3 level was significantly increased (P<0.05) in all treatment groups. In general, with the supplementation of FPH, particularly at dose of 10%, the growth performance and immunity of the large yellow croaker can be improved effectively.展开更多
We investigated the fatty acid profiles of muscle from large yellow croaker （Pseudosciaena crocea R.） of different age. One- and two-year-old fish were cultured in floating net cages and sampled randomly for analysi...We investigated the fatty acid profiles of muscle from large yellow croaker （Pseudosciaena crocea R.） of different age. One- and two-year-old fish were cultured in floating net cages and sampled randomly for analysis. Moisture, protein, lipid and ash contents were determined by methods of Association of Analytical Chemist （AOAC） International. Fatty acid profile was deter- mined by gas chromatography. Crude protein, fat, moisture and ash contents showed no significant differences between the two age groups. The contents of total polyunsaturated fatty acids and docosahexaenoic acid （DHA） were significantly higher and eicosapentaenoic acid （EPA） content was significantly lower in the two-year-old large yellow croaker than in the one-year-old （/＇〈0.05）. No significant differences were observed in the contents of total saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids, or the ratio ofn-3/n-6 fatty acids among the large yellow croakers of the two age groups. We conclude that large yellow croakers are good food sources of EPA and DHA.展开更多
We examined the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on growth, fatty acid composition and enzyme activity of fatty acid oxidation in the liver of large yellow croaker. We divided 1600 fish (average initial weigh...We examined the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on growth, fatty acid composition and enzyme activity of fatty acid oxidation in the liver of large yellow croaker. We divided 1600 fish (average initial weight 150 g) into 4 groups and reared them in 8 cages. Four dietary treatments were formulated to contain 0%, 1%, 2% and 4% (w/w) CLA, respectively. The fish were fed for 10 weeks ad libitum twice daily. We found that the dietary CLA had no effect on growth, biometric parameters and whole body proximate (P>0.05), but showed some significant effects on the fatty acid composition in both muscle and the liver. The activities of lipogenic enzymes were slightly depressed in fish fed with increasing levels of CLA when compared with control (P>0.05). Dietary CLA supplementation had no effects on liver lipid content, but significantly increased the contents of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (P<0.05) and decreased monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) content in both muscle and the liver. Dietary CLA inclusion resulted in significant increases of the biologically active cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12 isomers in both tissues (P<0.05). The total accumulation of CLA was higher in the liver (3.83%, w/w) than in muscle (3.77%, w/w) when fed with 4% (w/w) CLA. This study demonstrates that large yellow croakers are capable of absorbing and depositing CLA and long-chain n-3 PUFA in the liver and muscle, showing that this species fed with CLA could be an important human food source for these healthful fatty acids.展开更多
基金Project (No. 2006C12098) supported by the Bureau of Science and Technology of Zhejiang Province, China
文摘The purpose of this study was to clarify effects of selected oligosaccharides on concentrations of cecal short-chain fatty acids （SCFAs）, total large bowel wet weight and wall weight, and cecal microbiota levels in mice. Mice were respectively given gavage of selected fructooligosaccharides （FOS）, galactooligosaccharides （GOS）, mannanoligosaccharides （MOS）, and ehitooligosaccharides （COS） [1000 mg/（kg body weightd）]. Control group was given physiological saline solution. After 14 d treatment, SCFAs and lactate in mice cecum were significantly increased （P〈0.05） by intake of oligosaccharides, especially FOS and GOS. Thus, providing these oligosaccharides as ingredients in nutritional formulas may benefit the gastrointestinal tract.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFD0400305)the Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System of China(No.CARS-40-K26)the“One Belt and One Road”International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of Zhejiang,China(No.2019C04022)。
文摘Immunoglobulin Y(Ig Y)is an effective orally administered antibody used to protect against various intestinal pathogens,but which cannot tolerate the acidic gastric environment.In this study,Ig Y was microencapsulated by alginate(ALG)and coated with chitooligosaccharide(COS).A response surface methodology was used to optimize the formulation,and a simulated gastrointestinal(GI)digestion(SGID)system to evaluate the controlled release of microencapsulated Ig Y.The microcapsule formulation was optimized as an ALG concentration of 1.56%(15.6 g/L),COS level of 0.61%(6.1 g/L),and Ig Y/ALG ratio of 62.44%(mass ratio).The microcapsules prepared following this formulation had an encapsulation efficiency of 65.19%,a loading capacity of 33.75%,and an average particle size of 588.75μm.Under this optimum formulation,the coating of COS provided a less porous and more continuous microstructure by filling the cracks on the surface,and thus the GI release rate of encapsulated Ig Y was significantly reduced.The release of encapsulated Ig Y during simulated gastric and intestinal digestion well fitted the zero-order and first-order kinetics functions,respectively.The microcapsule also allowed the Ig Y to retain 84.37%immune-activity after 4 h simulated GI digestion,significantly higher than that for unprotected Ig Y(5.33%).This approach could provide an efficient way to preserve Ig Y and improve its performance in the GI tract.
基金Project (No. 2006C12098) supported by the Science and TechnologyDepartment of Zhejiang Province, China
文摘We investigated the effects of fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) on growth performance and humoral immune response of the large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea R.). One thousand and two hundred large yellow croakers [initial average weight: (162.75±23.85) g] were divided into four groups and reared in floating sea cages (3 m×3 m×3 m). The animals were fed with 4 diets: basal diet only (control) or diets supplemented with 5%, 10% and 15% (w/w) FPH. The results show that dietary FPH levels significantly influenced the growth and immunity of the large yellow croaker. Compared with the control group, total weight gain (TWG) in all treatment groups, relative weight gain (RWG) and specific growth rate (SGR) in fish fed with diets supplemented with 10% and 15% FPH were significantly increased (P<0.05). Similar results were observed in immune parameters [lysozyme activity, serum complements, immunoglobulin M (IgM)]. Lysozyme activity, complement C4 and IgM were also significantly increased (P<0.05) in fish fed with diets supplemented with 10% and 15% FPH, while complement C3 level was significantly increased (P<0.05) in all treatment groups. In general, with the supplementation of FPH, particularly at dose of 10%, the growth performance and immunity of the large yellow croaker can be improved effectively.
文摘We investigated the fatty acid profiles of muscle from large yellow croaker （Pseudosciaena crocea R.） of different age. One- and two-year-old fish were cultured in floating net cages and sampled randomly for analysis. Moisture, protein, lipid and ash contents were determined by methods of Association of Analytical Chemist （AOAC） International. Fatty acid profile was deter- mined by gas chromatography. Crude protein, fat, moisture and ash contents showed no significant differences between the two age groups. The contents of total polyunsaturated fatty acids and docosahexaenoic acid （DHA） were significantly higher and eicosapentaenoic acid （EPA） content was significantly lower in the two-year-old large yellow croaker than in the one-year-old （/＇〈0.05）. No significant differences were observed in the contents of total saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids, or the ratio ofn-3/n-6 fatty acids among the large yellow croakers of the two age groups. We conclude that large yellow croakers are good food sources of EPA and DHA.
基金Project (No. 2006C12098) supported by the Science and TechnologyDepartment of Zhejiang Province, China
文摘We examined the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on growth, fatty acid composition and enzyme activity of fatty acid oxidation in the liver of large yellow croaker. We divided 1600 fish (average initial weight 150 g) into 4 groups and reared them in 8 cages. Four dietary treatments were formulated to contain 0%, 1%, 2% and 4% (w/w) CLA, respectively. The fish were fed for 10 weeks ad libitum twice daily. We found that the dietary CLA had no effect on growth, biometric parameters and whole body proximate (P>0.05), but showed some significant effects on the fatty acid composition in both muscle and the liver. The activities of lipogenic enzymes were slightly depressed in fish fed with increasing levels of CLA when compared with control (P>0.05). Dietary CLA supplementation had no effects on liver lipid content, but significantly increased the contents of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (P<0.05) and decreased monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) content in both muscle and the liver. Dietary CLA inclusion resulted in significant increases of the biologically active cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12 isomers in both tissues (P<0.05). The total accumulation of CLA was higher in the liver (3.83%, w/w) than in muscle (3.77%, w/w) when fed with 4% (w/w) CLA. This study demonstrates that large yellow croakers are capable of absorbing and depositing CLA and long-chain n-3 PUFA in the liver and muscle, showing that this species fed with CLA could be an important human food source for these healthful fatty acids.
