Wet flue gas desulfurization(WFGD)could effectively reduce sulfur dioxide emission.However,magnesium sulfite(MgSO_(3)),a by-product of desulfurization,was easy to result in secondary pollution.In this study,the solid ...Wet flue gas desulfurization(WFGD)could effectively reduce sulfur dioxide emission.However,magnesium sulfite(MgSO_(3)),a by-product of desulfurization,was easy to result in secondary pollution.In this study,the solid catalyst Co-Bent(bentonite supported cobalt)was prepared by blending method for MgSO_(3) oxidation with bentonite as the carrier and cobalt as the active component.At the calcination temperature of 550℃ and the Co loading level of 3 wt.%,the catalyst showed excellent catalytic performance for the oxidation of high concentration MgSO_(3) slurry,and the oxidation rate of MgSO_(3) was 0.13 mol/(L·h).The research indicated that the active component was uniformly distributed within porous structure of the catalyst as Co_(3)O_(4),which facilitated the oxidation of SO_(3)^(2-) catalyzed by Co_(3)O_(4).Kinetic researches indicated the oxidation rate of MgSO_(3) was influenced by the catalyst dosage,the reaction temperature,the solution pH,the airflow rate,and the SO_(3)^(2-) concentration.Additionally,after recycling experiments,the regenerated catalyst retained its high catalytic performance for the MgSO_(3) oxidation.The reaction mechanism for the catalytic oxidation of MgSO_(3) by Co-Bent catalyst was also proposed.The generation of active free radicals(OH·,SO_(4)^(-)·,SO_(3)^(-)·,SO_(5)^(-)·)accelerated the MgSO_(3) oxidation.These results provide theoretical support for the treatment of MgSO_(3) and the development of durable catalyst.展开更多
Stroke remains a worldwide health problem. Salvianolate exerts a protective effect in various mi- crocirculatory disturbance-related diseases, but studies of the mechanisms underlying its protective action have mainly...Stroke remains a worldwide health problem. Salvianolate exerts a protective effect in various mi- crocirculatory disturbance-related diseases, but studies of the mechanisms underlying its protective action have mainly focused on the myocardium, whereas little research has been carried out in brain tissue following ischemia-reperfusion. We assessed the neuroprotective effects of salvianolate in a rat model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury induced using the suture method. At onset and 24 and 48 hours after reperfusion, rats were intraperitoneally injected with salvianolate （18 mg/kg） or saline. Neurological deficit scores at 72 hours showed that the neurological functions of rats that had received salvianolate were significantly better than those of the rats that had received saline. 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride was used to stain cerebral tissue to determine the extent of the infarct area. A significantly smaller infarct area and a significantly lower number of apoptotic cells were observed after treatment with salvianolate compared with the saline treatment. Expression of heat shock protein 22 and phosphorylated protein kinase B in ischemic brain tissue was significantly greater in rats treated with salvianolate compared with rats treated with saline. Our findings suggest that salvianolate provides neuroprotective effects against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by upregulating heat shock protein 22 and phosphorylated protein kinase B expression.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the effects of activated rat hepatic stellate cells(HSCs) on rat Th1/Th2 profile in vitro.METHODS: Growth and survival of activated HSCs and CD4+ T lymphocytes cultured alone or together was assess...AIM: To investigate the effects of activated rat hepatic stellate cells(HSCs) on rat Th1/Th2 profile in vitro.METHODS: Growth and survival of activated HSCs and CD4+ T lymphocytes cultured alone or together was assessed after 24 or 48 h. CD4+ T lymphocytes were then cultured with or without activated HSCs for 24 or 48 h and the proportion of Th1 [interferon(IFN)-γ+] and Th2 [interleukin(IL)-4+] cells was assessed by flow cytometry. Th1 and Th2 cell apoptosis was assessed after 24 h of co-culture using a caspase-3 staining procedure. Differentiation rates of Th1 and Th2 cells from CD4+ T lymphocytes that were positive for CD25 but did not express IFN-γ or IL-4 were also assessed after 48 h of co-culture with activated HSCs. Galectin-9 expression in HSCs was determined by immunofluorescence and Western blotting. ELISA was performed to assess galectin-9 secretion from activated HSCs.RESULTS: Co-culture of CD4+ T lymphocytes with activated rat HSCs for 48 h significantly reduced the proportion of Th1 cells compared to culture-alone conditions(-1.73% ± 0.71%; P < 0.05), whereas the proportion of Th2 cells was not altered; the Th1/Th2 ratio was significantly decreased(-0.44 ± 0.13; P < 0.05). In addition, the level of IFN-γ in Th1 cells wasdecreased(-65.71 ± 9.67; P < 0.01), whereas the level of IL-4 in Th2 cells was increased(82.79 ± 25.12; P < 0.05) by co-culturing, as measured by mean fluorescence intensity by flow cytometry. Apoptosis rates in Th1(12.27% ± 0.99%; P < 0.01) and Th2(1.71% ± 0.185%; P < 0.01) cells were increased 24 h after co-culturing with activated HSCs; the Th1 cell apoptosis rate was significantly higher than in Th2 cells(P < 0.01). Galectin-9 protein expression was significantly decreased in HSCs only 24 h after coculturing(P < 0.05) but not after 48 h. Co-culture for 48 h significantly increased the differentiation of Th1 and Th2 cells; however, the increase in the proportion of Th2 cells was significantly higher than that of Th1 cells(1.85% ± 0.48%; P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: Activated rat HSCs lower the Th1/Th2 profile, inhibiting the Th1 response and enhancing the Th2 response, and this may be a novel pathway for liver fibrogenesis.展开更多
Perfluorooctane sulfonate（PFOS） and ZnO nanoparticles（nano-ZnO） are widely distributed in the environment.However,the potential toxicity of co-exposure to PFOS and nano-ZnO remains to be fully elucidated.The test ...Perfluorooctane sulfonate（PFOS） and ZnO nanoparticles（nano-ZnO） are widely distributed in the environment.However,the potential toxicity of co-exposure to PFOS and nano-ZnO remains to be fully elucidated.The test investigated the effects of co-exposure to PFOS and nano-ZnO on the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid（HPT） axis in zebrafish.Zebrafish embryos were exposed to a combination of PFOS（0.2,0.4,0.8 mg/L） and nano-ZnO（50 mg/L）from their early stages of life（0–14 days）.The whole-body content of TH and the expression of genes and proteins related to the HPT axis were analyzed.The co-exposure decreased the body length and increased the malformation rates compared with exposure to PFOS alone.Co-exposure also increased the triiodothyronine（T3） levels,whereas the thyroxine（T4）content remained unchanged.Compared with the exposure to PFOS alone,exposure to both PFOS（0.8 mg/L） and nano-ZnO（50 mg/L） significantly up-regulated the expression of corticotropin-releasing factor,sodium/iodidesymporter,iodothyronine deiodinases and thyroid receptors and significantly down-regulated the expression of thyroid-stimulating hormone,thyroglobulin（TG）,transthyretin（TTR） and thyroid receptors.The protein expression levels of TG and TTR were also significantly down-regulated in the co-exposure groups.In addition,the expression of the thyroid peroxidase gene was unchanged in all groups.The results demonstrated that PFOS and nano-ZnO co-exposure could cause more serious thyroid-disrupting effects in zebrafish than exposure to PFOS alone.Our results also provide insight into the mechanism of disruption of the thyroid status by PFOS and nano-ZnO.展开更多
Nano-controlled release formulations present a promising strategy to mitigate pesticide losses and enhance efficiency.In this study,a pH and GSH-responsive nanoplatform using mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles(MONs...Nano-controlled release formulations present a promising strategy to mitigate pesticide losses and enhance efficiency.In this study,a pH and GSH-responsive nanoplatform using mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles(MONs)as a carrier and poly(tannic acid)(PTA)as capping agent was established for controlling prochloraz(Pro)release.The obtained Pro@MON@PTA was characterized by transmission electron microscopy(TEM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),thermogravimetric analysis(TGA).The results indicate the successful preparation of Pro@MON@PTA nanoparticles,featuring uniform particle size(190 nm),excellent dispersibility,and a prochloraz loading efficiency of 17.2%.Evaluation of contact angle and adhesion work demonstrated superior adhesion of MON@PTA to rice leaves compared to MON.Controlled release studies revealed dual-responsive release properties of Pro@MON@PTA to acid and GSH.Additionally,photostability testing indicated effective ultraviolet light shielding by the carrier,reducing prochloraz degradation under irradiation.Bioassay results indicated equivalent fungicidal activity against Magnaporthe oryzae between Pro@MON@PTA and prochloraz technical and prochloraz EW after a 7-day treatment.However,in vivo experiments demonstrated that Pro@MON@PTA exhibited superior control efficacy compared to prochloraz EW.These findings suggested that MON@PTA holds significant potential for plant disease management.展开更多
Triphenylmethane(tpm) derivatives(e.g. tpm CV) have threatened the safety of the aquatic environment due to the potential toxicity and carcinogenicity. In this study, the novel ultrasonic/persulfate/chlorite(US/S_(2)O...Triphenylmethane(tpm) derivatives(e.g. tpm CV) have threatened the safety of the aquatic environment due to the potential toxicity and carcinogenicity. In this study, the novel ultrasonic/persulfate/chlorite(US/S_(2)O_(8)^(2-)/ClO_(2)^(-)) oxidation process was developed for the effective removal of tpm CV in wastewater. The apparent non-integer kinetics( n around 1.20) of tpm CV degradation under different factors( R^(2)_(Adj) > 0.990) were investigated, respectively. Inhibiting effects of anions were greater than those of cations(except Fe(Ⅱ/Ⅲ)). The adding of micromolecule organic acids could regulate degradation towards positive direction. The double response surface methodology(RSM) was designed to optimize tpm CV removal process, and the acoustic-piezoelectric interaction was simulated to determine the propagation process of acoustic wave in the reactor. The possible degradation pathway was explored to mainly include carbonylation, carboxylation, and demethylation. The estimated effectivemean temperature at the bubble-water interface was calculated from 721 to 566 K after introducing the ClO_(2)^(-), however, the adsorption or partitioning capacity of tpm CV in the reactive zone was widened from 0.0218 to 0.0982. The proposed co-catalysis of US/S_(2)O_(8)^(2-)/ClO_(2)^(-)was based on the determined active species mainly including ClO_(2), SO_(4)·^(-), and ·OH. Compared with other US-based processes, the operating cost(3.97 $/m^(3)) of US/S_(2)O_(8)^(2-)/ClO_(2)^(-)with the EE/O value(16.8 k Wh/m^(3)) was relatively reduced.展开更多
This study is to report the clinical experience of of Botulinum toxin type A in combination with robot-assisted training on upper limb spasticity and motor function in stroke patient through a case report.The patient ...This study is to report the clinical experience of of Botulinum toxin type A in combination with robot-assisted training on upper limb spasticity and motor function in stroke patient through a case report.The patient underwent combined treatment with Botulinum toxin type A and robot-assisted training of the upper limb for 3 weeks.Evaluation was performed before and after combined treatment,and 3 months follow-up after discharge.The following outcomes were measured:spasticity by the modified Ashworth scale,pain by the numeric rating scale,motor function by the Fugl-Meyer assessment in upper limb,and activity of daily living by the modified barthel index.The combined Botulinum toxin type A and robot-assisted training treatment had an obvious improvement in upper limb spasticity,pain,motor function and activity of daily living.Botulinum toxin type A combined with robot-assisted training therapy is worthy of further application in patients with spastic stroke.展开更多
Wallenberg syndrome is a special type of medulla oblongata infarction with many and severe clinical dysfunction,which is dorsolateral medullary syndrome.Wallenberg syndrome can have various initial symptoms due to dif...Wallenberg syndrome is a special type of medulla oblongata infarction with many and severe clinical dysfunction,which is dorsolateral medullary syndrome.Wallenberg syndrome can have various initial symptoms due to different damaged parts.Typical clinical manifestations of the syndrome include dizziness,vomiting,dysphagia,cross sensory disturbance,ataxia,etc.Based on the complexity of functional anatomy,infarction in the medulla oblongata can produce various types of clinical symptoms or signs depending on the location.We describe the clinical comprehensive management of a 71-year-old man who presented with typical Wallenberg syndrome.Through early diagnosis and comprehensive clinical management,the prognosis of patient can be effectively improved.展开更多
Background:Liver cancer continues to pose a global health challenge.In 2020,China accounted for nearly half of new liver cancer cases worldwide,with a low 5-year survival.This study aims to evaluate the evolving lands...Background:Liver cancer continues to pose a global health challenge.In 2020,China accounted for nearly half of new liver cancer cases worldwide,with a low 5-year survival.This study aims to evaluate the evolving landscape of the liver cancer burden in China.Methods:Data on prevalence,incidence,death,and disability-adjusted life year(DALY)attributed to liver cancer and its six etiologies in China between 1990 and 2021 were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.Temporal trends in liver cancer burden were determined by percent changes and average annual percent change(AAPC).Decomposition analysis was conducted to understand the contributions of population aging,population growth,and epidemiological change to the observed trends.Results:In 2021,there were 265,539 prevalence cases of liver cancer in China accounting for 35.9%of the global total(739,300 prevalence cases).From 1990 to 2021,the prevalence cases,incidence cases,deaths,and DALYs attributed to liver cancer in China increased by 99.99%,103.91%,81.24%,and 48.41%,respectively,primarily driven by population aging,then population growth.Males experienced higher burden and percentage changes in prevalence,incidence,and DALYs than females.Meanwhile,decreasing trends were observed in overall age-standardized incidence,death,and DALY rates(AAPC:-0.32%,-0.79%,and-1.03%)and generally across sex groups and the six etiologies.Notably,there were increasing trends in age-standardized incidence rate of liver cancer due to alcohol use(AAPC:0.36%)and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)(AAPC:0.44%).In 2021,hepatitis B,hepatitis C,and alcohol use were the main causes of liver cancer burden in China.There were age differences in the burden of liver cancer.The overall 5-year relative survival rate was 12.27%in 2021.Conclusions:Liver cancer cases increased dramatically over the past 30 years,primarily driven by population aging and growth,posing challenges to the control of liver cancer.Targeted interventions by sex,etiology,and age are needed to address the burden effectively.展开更多
The Chinese Society of Hepatology of the Chinese Medical Association has invited experts in relevant fields to revise and rename the 2019“Chinese Guidelines on the Management of Liver Cirrhosis”to“Chinese Guideline...The Chinese Society of Hepatology of the Chinese Medical Association has invited experts in relevant fields to revise and rename the 2019“Chinese Guidelines on the Management of Liver Cirrhosis”to“Chinese Guidelines for Clinical Diagnosis,Treatment,and Management of Cirrhosis(2025)”.These updated guidelines are aimed at providing recommendations for the clinical diagnosis and management of liver cirrhosis across the compensated,decompensated,and recompensated stages,as well as guidance on cirrhosis reversal and associated complications.展开更多
Background and Aims:The diagnostic value of primary biliary cholangitis(PBC)-specific antibodies in patients with elevated alkaline phosphatase(ALP)and gamma-glutamyl transferase(GGT)levels,and other identifiable caus...Background and Aims:The diagnostic value of primary biliary cholangitis(PBC)-specific antibodies in patients with elevated alkaline phosphatase(ALP)and gamma-glutamyl transferase(GGT)levels,and other identifiable causes,was unclear.Our study aimed to determine whether etiological treatments in PBC-specific antibody-positive patients could improve liver biochemical tests,thereby distinguishing them from individuals with PBC.Methods:We enrolled patients who were positive for PBC-specific antibodies and elevated ALP and/or GGT levels but with other identifiable etiologies.Changes in liver biochemistry following non-ursodeoxycholic acid etiological treatments were monitored.Results:A total of 155 patients with positive PBC-specific antibodies and elevated ALP and/or GGT levels due to non-PBC diseases were enrolled.Among them,100 patients were diagnosed with non-PBC liver diseases,mainly metabolic-associated fatty liver disease,drug-induced liver injury,and autoimmune hepatitis.Additionally,55 patients had non-liver diseases,predominantly connective tissue diseases.The median follow-up duration was 15.9(4.7-25.6)months.Among 141 patients who completed follow-up after receiving etiological treatments,85.1%(120/141)showed improvement in ALP and/or GGT levels,with 51.8%(73/141)achieving normalization of both ALP and GGT.However,68 patients continued to exhibit elevated ALP and/or GGT,with 55 patients displaying isolated GGT elevation and 11 patients showing liver histological changes not consistent with PBC.Conclusions:PBC-specific antibodies,along with elevated ALP and GGT levels,may occur in various non-PBC diseases.Etiological treatments may improve or even resolve cholestatic biochemistry.For these patients,initiating etiological treatment rather than immediately starting ursodeoxycholic acid therapy would be justified.展开更多
Background:Chronic liver disease(CLD),mainly non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),is a significant public health concern worldwide.This study aims to quantify the burden of NAFLD in CLD globally and within China,u...Background:Chronic liver disease(CLD),mainly non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),is a significant public health concern worldwide.This study aims to quantify the burden of NAFLD in CLD globally and within China,using data from the Global Burden of Disease(GBD)Study 2021,providing crucial insights for global and local health policies.Methods:The study used comprehensive data from the GBD study 2021.It included estimates of prevalence,incidence,mortality,and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs).Age-standardized rates and average annual percent change(AAPC)from 2011 to 2021 were reported.A meticulous decomposition analysis was conducted.Results:In 2021,there were 1582.5 million prevalent cases,47.6 million incident cases,1.4 million deaths,and 44.4 million DALYs attributable to CLD,globally.Among these,NAFLD has emerged as the predominant cause,accounting for 78.0%of all prevalent CLD cases(1234.7 million)and 87.2%of incident cases(41.5 million).Correspondingly,NAFLD had the highest age-standardized prevalence(15,017.5 per 100,000 population)and incidence(876.5 per 100,000 population)rates among CLDs.In addition,China’s CLD age-standardized prevalence rate was 21,659.5 per 100,000 population,and the age-standardized incidence rate was 752.6 per 100,000 population,higher than the global average.From 2011 to 2021,the global prevalence rate of CLD increased slowly(AAPC=0.17),consistent with the trend in China(AAPC=0.23).Furthermore,the prevalence rate of NAFLD rose significantly in China(AAPC=1.30)compared with the global average(AAPC=0.91).Decomposition analysis also showed the worldwide increase in deaths and DALYs for NAFLD,which were primarily attributable to population growth and aging.Conclusions:The burden of CLD and NAFLD remains substantial globally and within China in terms of high prevalence and incidence.As such,this underscores the need for targeted prevention and treatment strategies.These findings emphasize the importance of continued surveillance and research to mitigate the growing impact of liver diseases on global and Chinese health systems.展开更多
Hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection remains a major global health issue,with nearly 86 million people in China living with chronic hepatitis B(CHB).1 Recommendations for antiviral treatment are based on a comprehensive as...Hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection remains a major global health issue,with nearly 86 million people in China living with chronic hepatitis B(CHB).1 Recommendations for antiviral treatment are based on a comprehensive assessment of serum HBV DNA levels,alanine transaminase(ALT)levels,severity of liver disease,and risk factors such as age and family history.Although ALT is a key indicator for initiating antiviral therapy,the treatment thresholds recommended by major international guidelines vary significantly.In 2024,the World Health Organization(WHO)published updated guidelines for CHB,recommending an upper limit of normal(ULN)for ALT of 30 U/L for males and 19 U/L for females.2 The European Association for the Study of the Liver(EASL)2017 guideline,and the Asia Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver(APASL)2015 guideline defined a ULN for ALT of 40 U/L for both males and females.展开更多
With the widespread application of systemic treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma,liver injury caused by molecular targeted drugs and immune checkpoint inhibitors has become a common clinical problem.The Chinese Soc...With the widespread application of systemic treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma,liver injury caused by molecular targeted drugs and immune checkpoint inhibitors has become a common clinical problem.The Chinese Society of Hepatology,Chinese Medical Association,organized domestic experts to summarize and analyze adverse liver reactions,as well as advances in the diagnosis and treatment related to systemic therapy for liver cancer,both domestically and internationally.Based on this work,we formulated the“Consensus on the Management of Liver Injury Associated with Targeted Drugs and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Hepatocellular Carcinoma”,aiming to provide practical recommendations and decision-making guidance for clinicians in hepatology and related specialties.This guidance focuses on the monitoring,diagnosis,prevention,and treatment of liver injury during targeted and immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy,ultimately helping more liver cancer patients benefit from targeted immunotherapy.展开更多
China has made remarkable progress in controlling chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection over the past three decades.The prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen has declined from 9.72%in 1992 to 5.86%in 2020,with a...China has made remarkable progress in controlling chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection over the past three decades.The prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen has declined from 9.72%in 1992 to 5.86%in 2020,with a striking reduction from 9.67%to 0.30%among children under five.Universal hepatitis B vaccination has been pivotal,preventing more than 40 million infections and seven million HBV-related deaths since 1992.Nevertheless,an estimated 75 million individuals are currently living with chronic HBV infection in China.Among them,only 59.78%are aware of their infection status,and about 30 million remain undiagnosed.Of those diagnosed,38.25%(approximately 17 million)meet the criteria for antiviral treatment,yet only 17.33%(about three million)are receiving treatment.To accelerate progress toward the World Health Organization’s elimination targets,China has updated its clinical guidelines to expand treatment eligibility and improve diagnosis and treatment coverage.Moreover,Chinese pharmaceutical companies and academic institutions are actively engaged in developing novel therapies with promising efficacy,aiming to achieve a functional cure.China’s holistic approach,combining evidence-based public health interventions with active clinical management and innovative pharmaceutical development,provides valuable experience for global HBV elimination initiatives.This review aimed to summarize China's progress in HBV control,identify remaining gaps in diagnosis and treatment,and highlight strategic approaches,including public health interventions,clinical policy updates,and pharmaceutical innovation,toward achieving HBV elimination.展开更多
Chlorite(ClO_(2)^(−)or COI)is used to establish the advanced reduction and oxidation process(AROP).The iron/biochar-based particles(iron-based hydrothermal carbon with hinge-like structure,FebHCs,20 mg/L)can be utiliz...Chlorite(ClO_(2)^(−)or COI)is used to establish the advanced reduction and oxidation process(AROP).The iron/biochar-based particles(iron-based hydrothermal carbon with hinge-like structure,FebHCs,20 mg/L)can be utilized to activate COI(2 mmol/L)to present selective oxidation in removing triphenylmethane derivatives(15 min,90%).The protonation(H+at~102μmol/L level)played a huge role(k-2nd=0.136c-H+−0.014(R^(2)-adj=0.986),and rapp=−0.0876/c-H++1.017(R^(2)-adj=0.996))to boost the generation of the active species(e.g.,high-valent iron oxidizing species(HVI=O)and chlorine dioxide(ClO_(2))).The protonation-coupled electron transfer promoted Fe-substances in Feb/HCs activating COI(the calculated kobs ranging from 0.066−0.285 min^(−1)).The form of ClO_(2) mainly attributed to proton-coupled electron transfer(1e/1H+).The HVI=O was generated from the electron transfer within the coordination complex.Moreover,carbon particles in FebHCs serve as the bridge for electron transfer.The above roles contribute to the fracture and formation of coordination-induced bonds between Lx-FeII/III and ClO_(2)^(−)at phase interface to form AROP.The ultrasonic(US)cavitation enhanced the mass transfer of active species in bulk solution,and the HVI=O and ClO_(2) attack unsaturated central carbon atoms of triphenylmethane derivatives to initiate selective removal.Furthermore,the scale-up experiment with continuous flow(k values of approximately 0.2 min^(−1),COD removal efficiency of approximately 80%)and the reactor with COMSOL simulation have also proved the applicability of the system.The study offers a novel AROP and new insights into correspondingly heterogeneous interface activation mechanisms.展开更多
基金supported by the State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment,Harbin Institute of Technology (No. 2022TS10)the Taishan Industrial Experts Programthe Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China (No. ZR2023ME212).
文摘Wet flue gas desulfurization(WFGD)could effectively reduce sulfur dioxide emission.However,magnesium sulfite(MgSO_(3)),a by-product of desulfurization,was easy to result in secondary pollution.In this study,the solid catalyst Co-Bent(bentonite supported cobalt)was prepared by blending method for MgSO_(3) oxidation with bentonite as the carrier and cobalt as the active component.At the calcination temperature of 550℃ and the Co loading level of 3 wt.%,the catalyst showed excellent catalytic performance for the oxidation of high concentration MgSO_(3) slurry,and the oxidation rate of MgSO_(3) was 0.13 mol/(L·h).The research indicated that the active component was uniformly distributed within porous structure of the catalyst as Co_(3)O_(4),which facilitated the oxidation of SO_(3)^(2-) catalyzed by Co_(3)O_(4).Kinetic researches indicated the oxidation rate of MgSO_(3) was influenced by the catalyst dosage,the reaction temperature,the solution pH,the airflow rate,and the SO_(3)^(2-) concentration.Additionally,after recycling experiments,the regenerated catalyst retained its high catalytic performance for the MgSO_(3) oxidation.The reaction mechanism for the catalytic oxidation of MgSO_(3) by Co-Bent catalyst was also proposed.The generation of active free radicals(OH·,SO_(4)^(-)·,SO_(3)^(-)·,SO_(5)^(-)·)accelerated the MgSO_(3) oxidation.These results provide theoretical support for the treatment of MgSO_(3) and the development of durable catalyst.
文摘Stroke remains a worldwide health problem. Salvianolate exerts a protective effect in various mi- crocirculatory disturbance-related diseases, but studies of the mechanisms underlying its protective action have mainly focused on the myocardium, whereas little research has been carried out in brain tissue following ischemia-reperfusion. We assessed the neuroprotective effects of salvianolate in a rat model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury induced using the suture method. At onset and 24 and 48 hours after reperfusion, rats were intraperitoneally injected with salvianolate （18 mg/kg） or saline. Neurological deficit scores at 72 hours showed that the neurological functions of rats that had received salvianolate were significantly better than those of the rats that had received saline. 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride was used to stain cerebral tissue to determine the extent of the infarct area. A significantly smaller infarct area and a significantly lower number of apoptotic cells were observed after treatment with salvianolate compared with the saline treatment. Expression of heat shock protein 22 and phosphorylated protein kinase B in ischemic brain tissue was significantly greater in rats treated with salvianolate compared with rats treated with saline. Our findings suggest that salvianolate provides neuroprotective effects against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by upregulating heat shock protein 22 and phosphorylated protein kinase B expression.
基金Supported by Major State Basic Research Development Program of China,No.2007CB512802the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30500425
文摘AIM: To investigate the effects of activated rat hepatic stellate cells(HSCs) on rat Th1/Th2 profile in vitro.METHODS: Growth and survival of activated HSCs and CD4+ T lymphocytes cultured alone or together was assessed after 24 or 48 h. CD4+ T lymphocytes were then cultured with or without activated HSCs for 24 or 48 h and the proportion of Th1 [interferon(IFN)-γ+] and Th2 [interleukin(IL)-4+] cells was assessed by flow cytometry. Th1 and Th2 cell apoptosis was assessed after 24 h of co-culture using a caspase-3 staining procedure. Differentiation rates of Th1 and Th2 cells from CD4+ T lymphocytes that were positive for CD25 but did not express IFN-γ or IL-4 were also assessed after 48 h of co-culture with activated HSCs. Galectin-9 expression in HSCs was determined by immunofluorescence and Western blotting. ELISA was performed to assess galectin-9 secretion from activated HSCs.RESULTS: Co-culture of CD4+ T lymphocytes with activated rat HSCs for 48 h significantly reduced the proportion of Th1 cells compared to culture-alone conditions(-1.73% ± 0.71%; P < 0.05), whereas the proportion of Th2 cells was not altered; the Th1/Th2 ratio was significantly decreased(-0.44 ± 0.13; P < 0.05). In addition, the level of IFN-γ in Th1 cells wasdecreased(-65.71 ± 9.67; P < 0.01), whereas the level of IL-4 in Th2 cells was increased(82.79 ± 25.12; P < 0.05) by co-culturing, as measured by mean fluorescence intensity by flow cytometry. Apoptosis rates in Th1(12.27% ± 0.99%; P < 0.01) and Th2(1.71% ± 0.185%; P < 0.01) cells were increased 24 h after co-culturing with activated HSCs; the Th1 cell apoptosis rate was significantly higher than in Th2 cells(P < 0.01). Galectin-9 protein expression was significantly decreased in HSCs only 24 h after coculturing(P < 0.05) but not after 48 h. Co-culture for 48 h significantly increased the differentiation of Th1 and Th2 cells; however, the increase in the proportion of Th2 cells was significantly higher than that of Th1 cells(1.85% ± 0.48%; P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: Activated rat HSCs lower the Th1/Th2 profile, inhibiting the Th1 response and enhancing the Th2 response, and this may be a novel pathway for liver fibrogenesis.
基金supported by the State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment(Harbin Institute of Technology)(No.2013DX09)
文摘Perfluorooctane sulfonate（PFOS） and ZnO nanoparticles（nano-ZnO） are widely distributed in the environment.However,the potential toxicity of co-exposure to PFOS and nano-ZnO remains to be fully elucidated.The test investigated the effects of co-exposure to PFOS and nano-ZnO on the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid（HPT） axis in zebrafish.Zebrafish embryos were exposed to a combination of PFOS（0.2,0.4,0.8 mg/L） and nano-ZnO（50 mg/L）from their early stages of life（0–14 days）.The whole-body content of TH and the expression of genes and proteins related to the HPT axis were analyzed.The co-exposure decreased the body length and increased the malformation rates compared with exposure to PFOS alone.Co-exposure also increased the triiodothyronine（T3） levels,whereas the thyroxine（T4）content remained unchanged.Compared with the exposure to PFOS alone,exposure to both PFOS（0.8 mg/L） and nano-ZnO（50 mg/L） significantly up-regulated the expression of corticotropin-releasing factor,sodium/iodidesymporter,iodothyronine deiodinases and thyroid receptors and significantly down-regulated the expression of thyroid-stimulating hormone,thyroglobulin（TG）,transthyretin（TTR） and thyroid receptors.The protein expression levels of TG and TTR were also significantly down-regulated in the co-exposure groups.In addition,the expression of the thyroid peroxidase gene was unchanged in all groups.The results demonstrated that PFOS and nano-ZnO co-exposure could cause more serious thyroid-disrupting effects in zebrafish than exposure to PFOS alone.Our results also provide insight into the mechanism of disruption of the thyroid status by PFOS and nano-ZnO.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFA1207400)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272579,31972302)+2 种基金Knowledge Innovation Program of Wuhan-Shuguang Project(2022020801020235)First Class Discipline Construction Funds of College of Plant Science and Technology,Huazhong Agricultural University(2022ZKPY005)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2662022ZKYJ002 and 2662022YJ015).
文摘Nano-controlled release formulations present a promising strategy to mitigate pesticide losses and enhance efficiency.In this study,a pH and GSH-responsive nanoplatform using mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles(MONs)as a carrier and poly(tannic acid)(PTA)as capping agent was established for controlling prochloraz(Pro)release.The obtained Pro@MON@PTA was characterized by transmission electron microscopy(TEM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),thermogravimetric analysis(TGA).The results indicate the successful preparation of Pro@MON@PTA nanoparticles,featuring uniform particle size(190 nm),excellent dispersibility,and a prochloraz loading efficiency of 17.2%.Evaluation of contact angle and adhesion work demonstrated superior adhesion of MON@PTA to rice leaves compared to MON.Controlled release studies revealed dual-responsive release properties of Pro@MON@PTA to acid and GSH.Additionally,photostability testing indicated effective ultraviolet light shielding by the carrier,reducing prochloraz degradation under irradiation.Bioassay results indicated equivalent fungicidal activity against Magnaporthe oryzae between Pro@MON@PTA and prochloraz technical and prochloraz EW after a 7-day treatment.However,in vivo experiments demonstrated that Pro@MON@PTA exhibited superior control efficacy compared to prochloraz EW.These findings suggested that MON@PTA holds significant potential for plant disease management.
基金supported by the State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (No. 2019DX08)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China (No. ZR2019QEE012)。
文摘Triphenylmethane(tpm) derivatives(e.g. tpm CV) have threatened the safety of the aquatic environment due to the potential toxicity and carcinogenicity. In this study, the novel ultrasonic/persulfate/chlorite(US/S_(2)O_(8)^(2-)/ClO_(2)^(-)) oxidation process was developed for the effective removal of tpm CV in wastewater. The apparent non-integer kinetics( n around 1.20) of tpm CV degradation under different factors( R^(2)_(Adj) > 0.990) were investigated, respectively. Inhibiting effects of anions were greater than those of cations(except Fe(Ⅱ/Ⅲ)). The adding of micromolecule organic acids could regulate degradation towards positive direction. The double response surface methodology(RSM) was designed to optimize tpm CV removal process, and the acoustic-piezoelectric interaction was simulated to determine the propagation process of acoustic wave in the reactor. The possible degradation pathway was explored to mainly include carbonylation, carboxylation, and demethylation. The estimated effectivemean temperature at the bubble-water interface was calculated from 721 to 566 K after introducing the ClO_(2)^(-), however, the adsorption or partitioning capacity of tpm CV in the reactive zone was widened from 0.0218 to 0.0982. The proposed co-catalysis of US/S_(2)O_(8)^(2-)/ClO_(2)^(-)was based on the determined active species mainly including ClO_(2), SO_(4)·^(-), and ·OH. Compared with other US-based processes, the operating cost(3.97 $/m^(3)) of US/S_(2)O_(8)^(2-)/ClO_(2)^(-)with the EE/O value(16.8 k Wh/m^(3)) was relatively reduced.
基金This study was supported by the grant from the Gansu Provincial Hospital in China(No.18GSSY4-31,No.20GSSY4-52)The authors would like to thank all of the study participants.
文摘This study is to report the clinical experience of of Botulinum toxin type A in combination with robot-assisted training on upper limb spasticity and motor function in stroke patient through a case report.The patient underwent combined treatment with Botulinum toxin type A and robot-assisted training of the upper limb for 3 weeks.Evaluation was performed before and after combined treatment,and 3 months follow-up after discharge.The following outcomes were measured:spasticity by the modified Ashworth scale,pain by the numeric rating scale,motor function by the Fugl-Meyer assessment in upper limb,and activity of daily living by the modified barthel index.The combined Botulinum toxin type A and robot-assisted training treatment had an obvious improvement in upper limb spasticity,pain,motor function and activity of daily living.Botulinum toxin type A combined with robot-assisted training therapy is worthy of further application in patients with spastic stroke.
基金This study was supported by a grant from the Gansu Provincial Hospital in China(No.18GSSY4-31).
文摘Wallenberg syndrome is a special type of medulla oblongata infarction with many and severe clinical dysfunction,which is dorsolateral medullary syndrome.Wallenberg syndrome can have various initial symptoms due to different damaged parts.Typical clinical manifestations of the syndrome include dizziness,vomiting,dysphagia,cross sensory disturbance,ataxia,etc.Based on the complexity of functional anatomy,infarction in the medulla oblongata can produce various types of clinical symptoms or signs depending on the location.We describe the clinical comprehensive management of a 71-year-old man who presented with typical Wallenberg syndrome.Through early diagnosis and comprehensive clinical management,the prognosis of patient can be effectively improved.
基金supported by grants from the High-Level Public Health Specialized Talents Project of Beijing Municipal Health Commission(No.2024-3-028)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.72061137007).
文摘Background:Liver cancer continues to pose a global health challenge.In 2020,China accounted for nearly half of new liver cancer cases worldwide,with a low 5-year survival.This study aims to evaluate the evolving landscape of the liver cancer burden in China.Methods:Data on prevalence,incidence,death,and disability-adjusted life year(DALY)attributed to liver cancer and its six etiologies in China between 1990 and 2021 were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.Temporal trends in liver cancer burden were determined by percent changes and average annual percent change(AAPC).Decomposition analysis was conducted to understand the contributions of population aging,population growth,and epidemiological change to the observed trends.Results:In 2021,there were 265,539 prevalence cases of liver cancer in China accounting for 35.9%of the global total(739,300 prevalence cases).From 1990 to 2021,the prevalence cases,incidence cases,deaths,and DALYs attributed to liver cancer in China increased by 99.99%,103.91%,81.24%,and 48.41%,respectively,primarily driven by population aging,then population growth.Males experienced higher burden and percentage changes in prevalence,incidence,and DALYs than females.Meanwhile,decreasing trends were observed in overall age-standardized incidence,death,and DALY rates(AAPC:-0.32%,-0.79%,and-1.03%)and generally across sex groups and the six etiologies.Notably,there were increasing trends in age-standardized incidence rate of liver cancer due to alcohol use(AAPC:0.36%)and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)(AAPC:0.44%).In 2021,hepatitis B,hepatitis C,and alcohol use were the main causes of liver cancer burden in China.There were age differences in the burden of liver cancer.The overall 5-year relative survival rate was 12.27%in 2021.Conclusions:Liver cancer cases increased dramatically over the past 30 years,primarily driven by population aging and growth,posing challenges to the control of liver cancer.Targeted interventions by sex,etiology,and age are needed to address the burden effectively.
基金Prevention and Control of Emerging and Major Infectious Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project(2025ZD01906300&2025ZD01906303).
文摘The Chinese Society of Hepatology of the Chinese Medical Association has invited experts in relevant fields to revise and rename the 2019“Chinese Guidelines on the Management of Liver Cirrhosis”to“Chinese Guidelines for Clinical Diagnosis,Treatment,and Management of Cirrhosis(2025)”.These updated guidelines are aimed at providing recommendations for the clinical diagnosis and management of liver cirrhosis across the compensated,decompensated,and recompensated stages,as well as guidance on cirrhosis reversal and associated complications.
基金supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82100633).
文摘Background and Aims:The diagnostic value of primary biliary cholangitis(PBC)-specific antibodies in patients with elevated alkaline phosphatase(ALP)and gamma-glutamyl transferase(GGT)levels,and other identifiable causes,was unclear.Our study aimed to determine whether etiological treatments in PBC-specific antibody-positive patients could improve liver biochemical tests,thereby distinguishing them from individuals with PBC.Methods:We enrolled patients who were positive for PBC-specific antibodies and elevated ALP and/or GGT levels but with other identifiable etiologies.Changes in liver biochemistry following non-ursodeoxycholic acid etiological treatments were monitored.Results:A total of 155 patients with positive PBC-specific antibodies and elevated ALP and/or GGT levels due to non-PBC diseases were enrolled.Among them,100 patients were diagnosed with non-PBC liver diseases,mainly metabolic-associated fatty liver disease,drug-induced liver injury,and autoimmune hepatitis.Additionally,55 patients had non-liver diseases,predominantly connective tissue diseases.The median follow-up duration was 15.9(4.7-25.6)months.Among 141 patients who completed follow-up after receiving etiological treatments,85.1%(120/141)showed improvement in ALP and/or GGT levels,with 51.8%(73/141)achieving normalization of both ALP and GGT.However,68 patients continued to exhibit elevated ALP and/or GGT,with 55 patients displaying isolated GGT elevation and 11 patients showing liver histological changes not consistent with PBC.Conclusions:PBC-specific antibodies,along with elevated ALP and GGT levels,may occur in various non-PBC diseases.Etiological treatments may improve or even resolve cholestatic biochemistry.For these patients,initiating etiological treatment rather than immediately starting ursodeoxycholic acid therapy would be justified.
基金This work was supported by grants from the Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research(Nos.CHF 2022-1-2021 and CHF 2024-4G-2029)the Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals Incubating Program(No.PX2022001)Beijing Key Project of Major Disease by Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine(Fatty Liver,No.2023BJSZDYNJBXTGG-017).
文摘Background:Chronic liver disease(CLD),mainly non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),is a significant public health concern worldwide.This study aims to quantify the burden of NAFLD in CLD globally and within China,using data from the Global Burden of Disease(GBD)Study 2021,providing crucial insights for global and local health policies.Methods:The study used comprehensive data from the GBD study 2021.It included estimates of prevalence,incidence,mortality,and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs).Age-standardized rates and average annual percent change(AAPC)from 2011 to 2021 were reported.A meticulous decomposition analysis was conducted.Results:In 2021,there were 1582.5 million prevalent cases,47.6 million incident cases,1.4 million deaths,and 44.4 million DALYs attributable to CLD,globally.Among these,NAFLD has emerged as the predominant cause,accounting for 78.0%of all prevalent CLD cases(1234.7 million)and 87.2%of incident cases(41.5 million).Correspondingly,NAFLD had the highest age-standardized prevalence(15,017.5 per 100,000 population)and incidence(876.5 per 100,000 population)rates among CLDs.In addition,China’s CLD age-standardized prevalence rate was 21,659.5 per 100,000 population,and the age-standardized incidence rate was 752.6 per 100,000 population,higher than the global average.From 2011 to 2021,the global prevalence rate of CLD increased slowly(AAPC=0.17),consistent with the trend in China(AAPC=0.23).Furthermore,the prevalence rate of NAFLD rose significantly in China(AAPC=1.30)compared with the global average(AAPC=0.91).Decomposition analysis also showed the worldwide increase in deaths and DALYs for NAFLD,which were primarily attributable to population growth and aging.Conclusions:The burden of CLD and NAFLD remains substantial globally and within China in terms of high prevalence and incidence.As such,this underscores the need for targeted prevention and treatment strategies.These findings emphasize the importance of continued surveillance and research to mitigate the growing impact of liver diseases on global and Chinese health systems.
基金supported by research grants from the National Key Research and Development Program,China(2023YFC2306902,2023YFC2306900)High-level Public Health Technical Talents of the Beijing Municipal Health Commission,China(XUEKEGUGAN-010-018)+1 种基金Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals Incubating Program(PX2024003)Research Grant of Capital Medical University(PYZ21051,PYZ23073).
文摘Hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection remains a major global health issue,with nearly 86 million people in China living with chronic hepatitis B(CHB).1 Recommendations for antiviral treatment are based on a comprehensive assessment of serum HBV DNA levels,alanine transaminase(ALT)levels,severity of liver disease,and risk factors such as age and family history.Although ALT is a key indicator for initiating antiviral therapy,the treatment thresholds recommended by major international guidelines vary significantly.In 2024,the World Health Organization(WHO)published updated guidelines for CHB,recommending an upper limit of normal(ULN)for ALT of 30 U/L for males and 19 U/L for females.2 The European Association for the Study of the Liver(EASL)2017 guideline,and the Asia Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver(APASL)2015 guideline defined a ULN for ALT of 40 U/L for both males and females.
基金funded by S&T Program of Hebei Province(23377705D)The Introduction of Foreign Intelligence Program in Hebei Province(2024),Hebei Province Medical Applicable Technology Tracking Project,and Medical Science Research Project of Hebei(GZ2024048).
文摘With the widespread application of systemic treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma,liver injury caused by molecular targeted drugs and immune checkpoint inhibitors has become a common clinical problem.The Chinese Society of Hepatology,Chinese Medical Association,organized domestic experts to summarize and analyze adverse liver reactions,as well as advances in the diagnosis and treatment related to systemic therapy for liver cancer,both domestically and internationally.Based on this work,we formulated the“Consensus on the Management of Liver Injury Associated with Targeted Drugs and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Hepatocellular Carcinoma”,aiming to provide practical recommendations and decision-making guidance for clinicians in hepatology and related specialties.This guidance focuses on the monitoring,diagnosis,prevention,and treatment of liver injury during targeted and immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy,ultimately helping more liver cancer patients benefit from targeted immunotherapy.
基金funded by the Capital's Funds for Health Improvement and Research(CFH 2022-2-1104).
文摘China has made remarkable progress in controlling chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection over the past three decades.The prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen has declined from 9.72%in 1992 to 5.86%in 2020,with a striking reduction from 9.67%to 0.30%among children under five.Universal hepatitis B vaccination has been pivotal,preventing more than 40 million infections and seven million HBV-related deaths since 1992.Nevertheless,an estimated 75 million individuals are currently living with chronic HBV infection in China.Among them,only 59.78%are aware of their infection status,and about 30 million remain undiagnosed.Of those diagnosed,38.25%(approximately 17 million)meet the criteria for antiviral treatment,yet only 17.33%(about three million)are receiving treatment.To accelerate progress toward the World Health Organization’s elimination targets,China has updated its clinical guidelines to expand treatment eligibility and improve diagnosis and treatment coverage.Moreover,Chinese pharmaceutical companies and academic institutions are actively engaged in developing novel therapies with promising efficacy,aiming to achieve a functional cure.China’s holistic approach,combining evidence-based public health interventions with active clinical management and innovative pharmaceutical development,provides valuable experience for global HBV elimination initiatives.This review aimed to summarize China's progress in HBV control,identify remaining gaps in diagnosis and treatment,and highlight strategic approaches,including public health interventions,clinical policy updates,and pharmaceutical innovation,toward achieving HBV elimination.
基金supported by the Natural Science foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(No.24KJB610019)the Scientific Research Foundation of Yancheng Teachers University(No.204060047)the Horizontal Topic Research“Developing the environmental remediation technology by acoustic catalysis”(No.203060199).
文摘Chlorite(ClO_(2)^(−)or COI)is used to establish the advanced reduction and oxidation process(AROP).The iron/biochar-based particles(iron-based hydrothermal carbon with hinge-like structure,FebHCs,20 mg/L)can be utilized to activate COI(2 mmol/L)to present selective oxidation in removing triphenylmethane derivatives(15 min,90%).The protonation(H+at~102μmol/L level)played a huge role(k-2nd=0.136c-H+−0.014(R^(2)-adj=0.986),and rapp=−0.0876/c-H++1.017(R^(2)-adj=0.996))to boost the generation of the active species(e.g.,high-valent iron oxidizing species(HVI=O)and chlorine dioxide(ClO_(2))).The protonation-coupled electron transfer promoted Fe-substances in Feb/HCs activating COI(the calculated kobs ranging from 0.066−0.285 min^(−1)).The form of ClO_(2) mainly attributed to proton-coupled electron transfer(1e/1H+).The HVI=O was generated from the electron transfer within the coordination complex.Moreover,carbon particles in FebHCs serve as the bridge for electron transfer.The above roles contribute to the fracture and formation of coordination-induced bonds between Lx-FeII/III and ClO_(2)^(−)at phase interface to form AROP.The ultrasonic(US)cavitation enhanced the mass transfer of active species in bulk solution,and the HVI=O and ClO_(2) attack unsaturated central carbon atoms of triphenylmethane derivatives to initiate selective removal.Furthermore,the scale-up experiment with continuous flow(k values of approximately 0.2 min^(−1),COD removal efficiency of approximately 80%)and the reactor with COMSOL simulation have also proved the applicability of the system.The study offers a novel AROP and new insights into correspondingly heterogeneous interface activation mechanisms.
