为准确评估台风极值风速,保障台风影响地区的重要工程结构抗风安全,建立了基于条件生成对抗网络的台风路径与强度模型,以实现台风极值风速的精细化分析。首先,将台风运动速度、台风强度的6小时变化量处理为一定状态变量(台风中心经纬度...为准确评估台风极值风速,保障台风影响地区的重要工程结构抗风安全,建立了基于条件生成对抗网络的台风路径与强度模型,以实现台风极值风速的精细化分析。首先,将台风运动速度、台风强度的6小时变化量处理为一定状态变量(台风中心经纬度等)和环境变量(洋面温度等)的条件随机变量。然后,采用条件生成对抗网络建立台风运动速度、台风强度6小时变化量的生成器和判别器全连接神经网络,利用中国气象局台风最佳路径数据、20th Century Reanalysis(20 CR)再分析数据集等气象资料训练上述神经网络。通过与历史记录的对比,验证了台风路径模型与强度模型能够合理地反映历史台风运动轨迹特征和强度演化规律,并能准确再现台风局部路径中关键参数的均值、标准差乃至概率分布函数等重要统计特征。最后,利用本文台风模型分析了我国东南沿海地区台风极值风速,并与其他研究及规范推荐结果进行对比分析,全面评估了该模型在预测与台风相关的极端风事件方面的准确性和相关性。该模型为了解台风动态提供了更精确的工具,有望帮助改善沿海地区的早期预警系统和风险评估。展开更多
天山北坡是西北地区的重要水源涵养区及草原畜牧业基地,其积雪融水对生态系统维持、农业灌溉及城市供水至关重要。为解决MODIS积雪产品易受云层干扰而导致的数据缺失问题,论文通过扩展MODIS数据输入,以已有积雪数据共同识别为积雪或非...天山北坡是西北地区的重要水源涵养区及草原畜牧业基地,其积雪融水对生态系统维持、农业灌溉及城市供水至关重要。为解决MODIS积雪产品易受云层干扰而导致的数据缺失问题,论文通过扩展MODIS数据输入,以已有积雪数据共同识别为积雪或非积雪的像元为“真值”,采用随机森林、支持向量机及BP神经网络等机器学习算法,确定积雪识别最佳方案。结合多种数据协同去云方法与隐马尔可夫随机场(hidden Markov random field,HMRF)算法,对去云效果进行对比分析,并使用高分辨率Landsat数据对实验结果的准确性进行验证。研究表明:(1)随机森林模型在积雪二分类任务中的表现最佳,准确率达90.15%,精确率达91.95%;(2)多种数据协同去云方法可以取得较好效果,Kappa系数为0.729,但结合HMRF方法的去云效果最佳,总体精度达82.84%,生产者精度为88.46%,Kappa系数为0.795;(3)年均积雪天数、积雪覆盖天数与海拔之间关系、月均积雪覆盖率与年均积雪覆盖面积变化趋势均与已有数据保持较高一致性。研究结果表明该方法能够有效提升积雪监测精度与时空连续性,为天山北坡及相似地区的积雪监测、冰雪水资源评估和生态环境管理提供了可靠的技术支撑。展开更多
Objective:This study aimed to assess the feasibility and safety of the SHURUI single-port robotic surgical system for a range of major urological surgeries.Methods:In this prospective,multicenter clinical trial,we exa...Objective:This study aimed to assess the feasibility and safety of the SHURUI single-port robotic surgical system for a range of major urological surgeries.Methods:In this prospective,multicenter clinical trial,we examined the effectiveness of the SHURUI single-port robotic surgical system in urological interventions.The first 50 patients from four centers in China underwent single-port surgeries including partial nephrectomy,radical prostatectomy,partial adrenalectomy,and pyeloureteroplasty,exclusively by the SHURUI single-port robotic surgical system.The study's primary endpoints focused on the success of surgeries,defined as no deviations from planned procedures,no need for more than one port,and no re-operations within 24 h after surgery.Secondary endpoints encompassed a range of surgical metrics,functional outcomes,and patient demographic data.Clinical assessments were conducted before surgery,before discharge,and 1 month after discharge.Results:The surgical procedures were executed successfully without requiring intraoperative conversions or transfusions.Both estimated blood loss and operation durations were maintained within satisfactory limits.For each type of surgery,the mean console times and estimated blood loss were 179.8(standard deviation[SD]39.4)min and 125.6(SD 126.0)mL for radical prostatectomy,126.7(SD 47.8)min and 39.2(SD 54.4)mL for partial nephrectomy,112.6(SD 37.4)min and 20.0(SD 13.2)mL for partial adrenalectomy,and 148.0(SD 18.2)min and 18.0(SD 17.9)mL for pyeloureteroplasty,respectively.Across the cohort,17 patients experienced a total of 25 adverse events,while 10 postoperative complications,all rated as Clavien-Dindo grade I,were encountered by eight patients.All patients had shown recovery or improvement from these events before the end of this trial.Conclusion:The SHURUI single-port robotic surgical system demonstrated feasibility and safety in the performance of major urological surgeries.These initial findings highlight the system's potential,though further research and longer follow-up are required to assess long-term outcomes.展开更多
Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)face significant limitations in low-temperature environments,with the slow interfacial de-solvation process and the hindered Li+transport through the interphase layer emerging as key obstacl...Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)face significant limitations in low-temperature environments,with the slow interfacial de-solvation process and the hindered Li+transport through the interphase layer emerging as key obstacles beyond the issue of ionic conductivity.This investigation unveils a novel formulation that constructs an anion-rich solvation sheath within strong solvents,effectively addressing all three of these challenges to bolster low-temperature performance.The developed electrolyte,characterized by an enhanced concentration of contact ion pairs(CIPs)and aggregates(AGGs),facilitates the formation of an inorganic-rich interphase layer on the anode and cathode particles.This promotes de-solvation at low temperatures and stabilizes the electrode-electrolyte interphase.Full cells composed of LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_(2)(NCM622)and graphite,when equipped with this electrolyte,showcase remarkable cycle stability and capacity retention,with 93.3% retention after 500 cycles at room temperature(RT)and 95.5%after 120 cycles at -20℃.This study validates the utility of the anion-rich solvation sheath in strong solvents as a strategy for the development of low-temperature electrolytes.展开更多
Background:The aim was to explore the effect of macrophage polarization and macrophage-to-myofibroblast transition(MMT)in silicosis.Methods:Male Wistar rats were divided into a control group and a silicosis group deve...Background:The aim was to explore the effect of macrophage polarization and macrophage-to-myofibroblast transition(MMT)in silicosis.Methods:Male Wistar rats were divided into a control group and a silicosis group developed using a HOPE MED 8050 dynamic automatic dusting system.Murine mac-rophage MH-S cells were randomly divided into a control group and an SiO_(2) group.The pathological changes in lung tissue were observed using hematoxylin and eosin(HE)and Van Gieson(VG)staining.The distribution and location of macrophage marker(F4/80),M1 macrophage marker(iNOS),M2 macrophage marker(CD206),and myofibroblast marker(α-smooth muscle actin[α-SMA])were detected using immu-nohistochemical and immunofluorescent staining.The expression changes in iNOS,Arg,α-SMA,vimentin,and type I collagen(Col I)were measured using Western blot.Results:The results of HE and VG staining showed obvious silicon nodule formation and the distribution of thick collagen fibers in the lung tissue of the silicosis group.Macrophage marker F4/80 increased gradually from 8 to 32 weeks after exposure to silica.Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent staining results revealed that there were more iNOS-positive cells and some CD206-positive cells in the lung tissue of the silicosis group at 8 weeks.More CD206-positive cells were found in the silicon nodules of the lung tissues in the silicosis group at 32 weeks.Western blot analysis showed that the expressions of Inducible nitric oxide synthase and Arg protein in the lung tissues of the silicosis group were upregulated compared with those of the con-trol group.The results of immunofluorescence staining showed the co-expression of F4/80,α-SMA,and Col I,and CD206 andα-SMA were co-expressed in the lung tissue of the silicosis group.The extracted rat alveolar lavage fluid revealed F4/80+α-SMA+,CD206+α-SMA+,and F4/80+α-SMA+Col I+cells using immunofluorescence staining.Similar results were also found in MH-S cells induced by SiO_(2).Conclusions:The development of silicosis is accompanied by macrophage polarization and MMT.展开更多
风向作为风荷载变异性的关键因素之一,在极端风速预测中不容忽视。基于安徽省67个气象站点1980—2020年间的历史日极值风速和风向数据,分别对风速和风向进行了概率分布建模分析。结合最优边际分布,采用3种常用的阿基米德Copula函数建立...风向作为风荷载变异性的关键因素之一,在极端风速预测中不容忽视。基于安徽省67个气象站点1980—2020年间的历史日极值风速和风向数据,分别对风速和风向进行了概率分布建模分析。结合最优边际分布,采用3种常用的阿基米德Copula函数建立了风速和风向的二维联合分布模型。最后结合Copula函数的条件概率理论,给出了全省范围内16个风向上50年重现期下的设计风速区划。研究结果表明,Gumbel分布和三阶von Mises分布适用于全省绝大多数站点风速和风向的边际分布。根据赤池信息准则(Akaike information criterion,AIC)可以发现,对于大多数气象站点的二维联合分布,Frank-Copula函数拟合误差最小。各风向下的极值风速大小存在显著差异,忽略风向的极值风速预测,将会导致计算结果不准确。展开更多
Silicosis,a major persistent occupational disease in China,is a progressive and irreversible pulmonary fibrosis disease with unclear pathogenesis.Cellular senescence,a state of stable cell cycle arrest that is recogni...Silicosis,a major persistent occupational disease in China,is a progressive and irreversible pulmonary fibrosis disease with unclear pathogenesis.Cellular senescence,a state of stable cell cycle arrest that is recognized as a key underlying factor in age-related fibroproliferative disorders,plays an important role in chronic lung diseases,particularly pulmonary fibrosis.We previously reported that SiO2-stimulated mice and alveolar type II epithelial cells develop cellular senescence,which is involved in silicosis formation in alveolar type II epithelial cells[1].Cellular senescence may play an important role in silicosis development;however,the exact underlying mechanisms are not fully understood.展开更多
Interlayer antiferromagnetic coupling,small magnetic anisotropy,and low air stability of the intrinsic magnetic topological insulator MnBi_(2)Te_(4)have been critical bottlenecks to the future application of the quant...Interlayer antiferromagnetic coupling,small magnetic anisotropy,and low air stability of the intrinsic magnetic topological insulator MnBi_(2)Te_(4)have been critical bottlenecks to the future application of the quantum anomalous Hall efect(QAHE)at zero magnetic feld.In this study,we propose a scheme to utilize capped sliding van der Waals materials to efectively modulate the magnetic and topological properties of MnBi_(2)Te_(4).Our results demonstrate that the h-BN/MnBi_(2)Te_(4)/h-BN heterostructure,constructed by sliding ferroelectric h-BN bilayer and MnBi_(2)Te_(4),not only realizes a transition from interlayer antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic coupling but also signifcantly enhances the out-of-plane magnetism and air stability of MnBi_(2)Te_(4).Moreover,the above magnetic properties can be further improved by tuning the interlayer distance between h-BN and MnBi_(2)Te_(4).Additionally,the obtained band structures and topological properties clearly support that the h-BN/MnBi_(2)Te_(4)/hBN heterostructure can harbor the QAHE with a Chern number of C=1.This work provides a new and nonvolatile modulation approach to achieve high-temperature and high-precision QAHE at zero magnetic feld.展开更多
Background:It is well recognized that developing new animal models,refining the existing mouse models,and thoroughly characterizing their features are essential for gaining a deeper understanding of rosacea pathogenes...Background:It is well recognized that developing new animal models,refining the existing mouse models,and thoroughly characterizing their features are essential for gaining a deeper understanding of rosacea pathogenesis and for advancing therapeutic strategies in this direction.Accordingly,we aimed to characterize the pathological features of a long-term LL-37-induced mouse model of rosacea and to compare the disease manifestations and pathophysiological characteristics between short-term and long-term LL-37-induced models.A key focus was to investigate differential gene expression and the underlying mechanisms of immune system dysregulation in these models.Methods:We comparatively assessed skin lesion manifestations,the extent of inflammatory infiltration,sebaceous gland alterations,fibrosis,and angiogenesis in both models.Assessments were performed using photographic documentation,hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining,Van Gieson's(VG)staining,immunohistochemistry,and Western blotting.Furthermore,we employed RNA sequencing to analyze differential gene expression in mouse skin.The RNA sequencing data were validated using immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting,with a specific focus on gene variations and mechanisms related to immune system dysregulation.Results:Mice subjected to long-term LL-37 induction developed rosacea-like pathological features,including angiogenesis,thickened skin tissue,and sebaceous gland hypertrophy.In the short-term LL-37-induced model,immune dysregulation primarily involved the innate immune response.However,long-term LL-37 induction resulted in significant activation of both innate and adaptive immune responses.Conclusion:The long-term LL-37-induced mouse model offers a valuable animal model for the detailed investigation of the pathological mechanisms driving moderate-to-severe rosacea with prolonged disease duration.Importantly,this model provides a significant experimental foundation for exploring the potential role of immune system dysregulation in rosacea pathogenesis.展开更多
BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is one of the major eye diseases contributing to blindness worldwide.Endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress in retinal cells is a key factor leading to retinal inflammation and vascular lea...BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is one of the major eye diseases contributing to blindness worldwide.Endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress in retinal cells is a key factor leading to retinal inflammation and vascular leakage in DR,but its mechanism is still unclear.AIM To investigate the potential mechanism of LEF1 and related RNAs in DR.METHODS ARPE-19 cells were exposed to high levels of glucose for 24 hours to simulate a diabetic environment.Intraperitoneally injected streptozotocin was used to induce the rat model of DR.The expression levels of genes and related proteins were measured by RT-qPCR and Western blotting;lnc-MGC and miR-495-3p were detected by fluorescent in situ hybridization;CCK-8 and TUNEL assays were used to detect cell viability and apoptosis;enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect inflammatory factors;dual-luciferase gene assays were used to verify the targeting relationship;and the retina was observed by HE staining.RESULTS LEF1 and lnc-MGC have binding sites,and lnc-MGC can regulate the miR-495-3p/GRP78 molecular axis.In high glucose-treated cells,inflammation was aggravated,the intracellular reactive oxygen species concentration was increased,cell viability was reduced,apoptosis was increased,the ER response was intensified,and ferroptosis was increased.As an ER molecular chaperone,GRP78 regulates the ER and ferroptosis under the targeting of miR-495-3p,whereas inhibiting LEF1 can further downregulate the expression of lnc-MGC,increase the level of miR-495-3p,and sequentially regulate the level of GRP78 to alleviate the occurrence and development of DR.Animal experiments indicated that the knockdown of LEF1 can affect the lnc-MGC/miR-495-3p/GRP78 signaling axis to restrain the progression of DR.CONCLUSION LEF1 knockdown can regulate the miR-495-3p/GRP78 molecular axis through lnc-MGC,which affects ER stress and restrains the progression of DR and ferroptosis in retinal pigment epithelial cells.展开更多
The rapid growth of neutron flux has driven the development of^(3)He-free neutron detectors to satisfy the requirements of the neutron scattering instruments under construction or planned at the China Spallation Neutr...The rapid growth of neutron flux has driven the development of^(3)He-free neutron detectors to satisfy the requirements of the neutron scattering instruments under construction or planned at the China Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS).Position-sensitive neutron detectors with a high counting rate and large area play an important role in the instruments performing neutron measurements in or close to the direct beam.The ceramic gas-electron-multiplier(GEM)detector serves as a promising solution,and considerable work has been done using the small-area GEM neutron detectors.In this article,we designed and constructed a detector prototype utilizing ceramic GEM foils with an effective area of about307 mm×307 mm.To evaluate and investigate their basic characteristics,the Monte Carlo(MC)tool FLUKA was employed and several neutron beam tests were conducted at CSNS.The simulated spatial resolution was basically in agreement with the measured value of 2.50±0.01 mm(FWHM).The wavelength spectra measurement was verified through comparisons with a commercial beam monitor.In addition,a detection efficiency of 4.7±0.1%was achieved for monoenergetic neutrons of 1.59 A wavelength.This is consistent with the simulated result.The results indicate that the large-area ceramic GEM detector is a good candidate to implement neutron beam measurements.Its efficiency can be improved in a cascading manner to approach that reached by traditional^(3)He detectors.展开更多
Based on the actual conditions of laser powder bed fusion(LPBF),a three-dimensional transient thermal-structural coupling single-layer finite element model was established to simulate the LPBF of Al-Cu-Mg-Si alloys.Af...Based on the actual conditions of laser powder bed fusion(LPBF),a three-dimensional transient thermal-structural coupling single-layer finite element model was established to simulate the LPBF of Al-Cu-Mg-Si alloys.After characterizing the thermal behavior and residual stress distribution of the molten pool under different LPBF parameters,the cracking mechanisms of the Al-Cu-Mg-Si alloy were revealed.With an increase in the number of scanning tracks,the maximum cooling rate decreased gradually,whereas the maximum heating rate first increased and then decreased.The residual stress of the printed parts after cooling was primarily tensile stress.The residual stress along the scanning direction was mainly distributed in the center of the printing layer,whereas the residual stress perpendicular to the scanning direction was mainly concentrated in the center of the track.The residual stress along the deposition direction decreased with increasing distance from the substrate,with the highest stress occurring at the contact position with the substrate.Compared with the scanning speed,the laser power had a greater effect on the temperature and residual stress.The reliability of the numerical simulation was verified based on the size of the molten pool and the direction of crack propagation.展开更多
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is one of the most common and deadly cancers worldwide.As the disease progresses and due to the side effects of treatment,patients’physical activity significantly decreases.AIM To systematicall...BACKGROUND Lung cancer is one of the most common and deadly cancers worldwide.As the disease progresses and due to the side effects of treatment,patients’physical activity significantly decreases.AIM To systematically review and conduct a meta-analysis on the effects of exercise rehabilitation on the physical activity of lung cancer patients and determine the best implementation methods to provide clinical guidance.METHODS Literature was searched through multiple electronic databases.A random effects model was used to combine effect sizes through standardized mean difference(SMD).The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to assess the quality of the lite-rature,sensitivity analysis was used to ensure the robustness of the results,and Egger’s test was used to detect publication bias and asymmetry.RESULTS A total of 11 studies involving 541 patients were included in this study.The phy-sical endurance,muscle function and cardiopulmonary function of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)patients were evaluated.The overall effect size of the six-minute walk test(6MWT)was not statistically significant.However,subgroup analysis found that endurance significantly improved when exercise duration exceeded 0.5 hours(P≤0.05).In terms of muscle function,the overall effect size was SMD=0.619.Subgroup analysis showed that strength training,respiratory training,and cross-training(XT)significantly improved muscle function.Exercise rehabilitation significantly enhanced cardiopulmonary endurance(SMD=0.856,P=0.002),and the effect was better when the single exercise duration was more than 1 hour,age was over 65 years,and the intervention period was more than 3 months.CONCLUSION Exercise rehabilitation effectively improved muscle function in NSCLC patients,especially strength training,respiratory training,and cross-training.Cardiopulmonary function also showed improvement,particularly when exercise duration exceeded 1 hour,age was≥65 years,and the intervention period was more than 3 months.A single exercise duration of more than 0.5 hours can enhance patients’physical endurance.Appropriately increasing exercise duration and selecting suitable exercise forms can effectively improve the physical activity of NSCLC patients.展开更多
A combination of casting and laser remelting was employed to develop a high-strength and heat-resistant Al-Si-Fe alloy suitable for powder bed fusion using a laser beam(PBF-LB).By clarifying the effects of the incorpo...A combination of casting and laser remelting was employed to develop a high-strength and heat-resistant Al-Si-Fe alloy suitable for powder bed fusion using a laser beam(PBF-LB).By clarifying the effects of the incorporated elements and their contents on the microstructure and mechanical performance of Al-Si-Fe alloys,the composition was optimized as Al-11Si-2.5Fe-2Mn-1.2Ni-0.4Cr(in wt.%).The optimized alloy was subsequently validated using PBF-LB,which exhibited favorable machinability,achieving a density of 99.8%.The room-temperature tensile strength of the PBF-LB manufactured Al-Si-Fe alloy reached(512.76±3.26)MPa,with a yield strength of(337.79±2.36)MPa and an elongation of(2.98±0.07)%.The enhanced room-temperature mechanical properties could be mainly attributed to the combined effects of fine-grain strengthening,solid solution strengthening,and precipitation strengthening.At 300°C,the high-temperature tensile strength of the developed alloy reached(222.47±6.41)MPa,with a yield strength of(164.25±11.40)MPa and an elongation of(8.88±0.33)%,outperforming those of existing alloys documented in the literature.The improved high-temperature mechanical performance was primarily provided by the three-dimensional network comprising cellular heat-resistant Al17(FeMnNiCr)4Si2 andα-Al(FeMn)Si phases.展开更多
Al/steel bimetallic composites were prepared by compound casting,and the effects of the rotating magnetic field on the interfacial microstructure and shear property of bimetallic composite was investigated.The applica...Al/steel bimetallic composites were prepared by compound casting,and the effects of the rotating magnetic field on the interfacial microstructure and shear property of bimetallic composite was investigated.The application of rotating magnetic field refined the grain structure of the Al alloy matrix,changed the eutectic Si morphology from coarse lath to needle-like.The rotating magnetic field improved the temperature field and solute distribution of the Al alloy melt,enriched a layer of Si at the interface,and suppressed the growth of intermetallic compounds,the thickness of the interface layer decreased from 44.9μm to 22.8μm.The interfacial intermetallic compounds consisted ofη-Al_(5)Fe_(2),θ-Al_(13)Fe_(4),τ6-Al_(4.5)FeSi,τ_(5)-Al_(8)Fe_(2)Si andτ_(3)-Al_(2)FeSi,and the addition of the rotating magnetic field did not change phase composition.The rotating magnetic field improved the stress distribution within the interfacial intermetallic compounds,the presence of high-angle grain boundaries retarded crack extension,and the shear strength was enhanced from 31.27±3 MPa to 52.70±4 MPa.This work provides a feasible method for preparing Al/steel bimetallic composite with good bonding property.展开更多
文摘为准确评估台风极值风速,保障台风影响地区的重要工程结构抗风安全,建立了基于条件生成对抗网络的台风路径与强度模型,以实现台风极值风速的精细化分析。首先,将台风运动速度、台风强度的6小时变化量处理为一定状态变量(台风中心经纬度等)和环境变量(洋面温度等)的条件随机变量。然后,采用条件生成对抗网络建立台风运动速度、台风强度6小时变化量的生成器和判别器全连接神经网络,利用中国气象局台风最佳路径数据、20th Century Reanalysis(20 CR)再分析数据集等气象资料训练上述神经网络。通过与历史记录的对比,验证了台风路径模型与强度模型能够合理地反映历史台风运动轨迹特征和强度演化规律,并能准确再现台风局部路径中关键参数的均值、标准差乃至概率分布函数等重要统计特征。最后,利用本文台风模型分析了我国东南沿海地区台风极值风速,并与其他研究及规范推荐结果进行对比分析,全面评估了该模型在预测与台风相关的极端风事件方面的准确性和相关性。该模型为了解台风动态提供了更精确的工具,有望帮助改善沿海地区的早期预警系统和风险评估。
文摘天山北坡是西北地区的重要水源涵养区及草原畜牧业基地,其积雪融水对生态系统维持、农业灌溉及城市供水至关重要。为解决MODIS积雪产品易受云层干扰而导致的数据缺失问题,论文通过扩展MODIS数据输入,以已有积雪数据共同识别为积雪或非积雪的像元为“真值”,采用随机森林、支持向量机及BP神经网络等机器学习算法,确定积雪识别最佳方案。结合多种数据协同去云方法与隐马尔可夫随机场(hidden Markov random field,HMRF)算法,对去云效果进行对比分析,并使用高分辨率Landsat数据对实验结果的准确性进行验证。研究表明:(1)随机森林模型在积雪二分类任务中的表现最佳,准确率达90.15%,精确率达91.95%;(2)多种数据协同去云方法可以取得较好效果,Kappa系数为0.729,但结合HMRF方法的去云效果最佳,总体精度达82.84%,生产者精度为88.46%,Kappa系数为0.795;(3)年均积雪天数、积雪覆盖天数与海拔之间关系、月均积雪覆盖率与年均积雪覆盖面积变化趋势均与已有数据保持较高一致性。研究结果表明该方法能够有效提升积雪监测精度与时空连续性,为天山北坡及相似地区的积雪监测、冰雪水资源评估和生态环境管理提供了可靠的技术支撑。
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB4700904 to Wang L)the Shanghai Shenkang Hospital Development Center's project for the Promotion of Clinical Skills and Clinical Innovation Three-Year Action Plan(Project No.SHDC2022CRT006 to Wang L and SHDC2022CRS010B to Tang S).
文摘Objective:This study aimed to assess the feasibility and safety of the SHURUI single-port robotic surgical system for a range of major urological surgeries.Methods:In this prospective,multicenter clinical trial,we examined the effectiveness of the SHURUI single-port robotic surgical system in urological interventions.The first 50 patients from four centers in China underwent single-port surgeries including partial nephrectomy,radical prostatectomy,partial adrenalectomy,and pyeloureteroplasty,exclusively by the SHURUI single-port robotic surgical system.The study's primary endpoints focused on the success of surgeries,defined as no deviations from planned procedures,no need for more than one port,and no re-operations within 24 h after surgery.Secondary endpoints encompassed a range of surgical metrics,functional outcomes,and patient demographic data.Clinical assessments were conducted before surgery,before discharge,and 1 month after discharge.Results:The surgical procedures were executed successfully without requiring intraoperative conversions or transfusions.Both estimated blood loss and operation durations were maintained within satisfactory limits.For each type of surgery,the mean console times and estimated blood loss were 179.8(standard deviation[SD]39.4)min and 125.6(SD 126.0)mL for radical prostatectomy,126.7(SD 47.8)min and 39.2(SD 54.4)mL for partial nephrectomy,112.6(SD 37.4)min and 20.0(SD 13.2)mL for partial adrenalectomy,and 148.0(SD 18.2)min and 18.0(SD 17.9)mL for pyeloureteroplasty,respectively.Across the cohort,17 patients experienced a total of 25 adverse events,while 10 postoperative complications,all rated as Clavien-Dindo grade I,were encountered by eight patients.All patients had shown recovery or improvement from these events before the end of this trial.Conclusion:The SHURUI single-port robotic surgical system demonstrated feasibility and safety in the performance of major urological surgeries.These initial findings highlight the system's potential,though further research and longer follow-up are required to assess long-term outcomes.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22279070[L.Wang]and U21A20170[X.He])the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2019YFA0705703[L.Wang])。
文摘Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)face significant limitations in low-temperature environments,with the slow interfacial de-solvation process and the hindered Li+transport through the interphase layer emerging as key obstacles beyond the issue of ionic conductivity.This investigation unveils a novel formulation that constructs an anion-rich solvation sheath within strong solvents,effectively addressing all three of these challenges to bolster low-temperature performance.The developed electrolyte,characterized by an enhanced concentration of contact ion pairs(CIPs)and aggregates(AGGs),facilitates the formation of an inorganic-rich interphase layer on the anode and cathode particles.This promotes de-solvation at low temperatures and stabilizes the electrode-electrolyte interphase.Full cells composed of LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_(2)(NCM622)and graphite,when equipped with this electrolyte,showcase remarkable cycle stability and capacity retention,with 93.3% retention after 500 cycles at room temperature(RT)and 95.5%after 120 cycles at -20℃.This study validates the utility of the anion-rich solvation sheath in strong solvents as a strategy for the development of low-temperature electrolytes.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.82204006)the Science and Technology of Project of Hebei Education Department(QN2022009)+1 种基金the Provincial Graduate Student Innovation Funding Project of Hebei Province(CXZZBS2022104)the National Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(H2020209292).
文摘Background:The aim was to explore the effect of macrophage polarization and macrophage-to-myofibroblast transition(MMT)in silicosis.Methods:Male Wistar rats were divided into a control group and a silicosis group developed using a HOPE MED 8050 dynamic automatic dusting system.Murine mac-rophage MH-S cells were randomly divided into a control group and an SiO_(2) group.The pathological changes in lung tissue were observed using hematoxylin and eosin(HE)and Van Gieson(VG)staining.The distribution and location of macrophage marker(F4/80),M1 macrophage marker(iNOS),M2 macrophage marker(CD206),and myofibroblast marker(α-smooth muscle actin[α-SMA])were detected using immu-nohistochemical and immunofluorescent staining.The expression changes in iNOS,Arg,α-SMA,vimentin,and type I collagen(Col I)were measured using Western blot.Results:The results of HE and VG staining showed obvious silicon nodule formation and the distribution of thick collagen fibers in the lung tissue of the silicosis group.Macrophage marker F4/80 increased gradually from 8 to 32 weeks after exposure to silica.Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent staining results revealed that there were more iNOS-positive cells and some CD206-positive cells in the lung tissue of the silicosis group at 8 weeks.More CD206-positive cells were found in the silicon nodules of the lung tissues in the silicosis group at 32 weeks.Western blot analysis showed that the expressions of Inducible nitric oxide synthase and Arg protein in the lung tissues of the silicosis group were upregulated compared with those of the con-trol group.The results of immunofluorescence staining showed the co-expression of F4/80,α-SMA,and Col I,and CD206 andα-SMA were co-expressed in the lung tissue of the silicosis group.The extracted rat alveolar lavage fluid revealed F4/80+α-SMA+,CD206+α-SMA+,and F4/80+α-SMA+Col I+cells using immunofluorescence staining.Similar results were also found in MH-S cells induced by SiO_(2).Conclusions:The development of silicosis is accompanied by macrophage polarization and MMT.
文摘风向作为风荷载变异性的关键因素之一,在极端风速预测中不容忽视。基于安徽省67个气象站点1980—2020年间的历史日极值风速和风向数据,分别对风速和风向进行了概率分布建模分析。结合最优边际分布,采用3种常用的阿基米德Copula函数建立了风速和风向的二维联合分布模型。最后结合Copula函数的条件概率理论,给出了全省范围内16个风向上50年重现期下的设计风速区划。研究结果表明,Gumbel分布和三阶von Mises分布适用于全省绝大多数站点风速和风向的边际分布。根据赤池信息准则(Akaike information criterion,AIC)可以发现,对于大多数气象站点的二维联合分布,Frank-Copula函数拟合误差最小。各风向下的极值风速大小存在显著差异,忽略风向的极值风速预测,将会导致计算结果不准确。
文摘Silicosis,a major persistent occupational disease in China,is a progressive and irreversible pulmonary fibrosis disease with unclear pathogenesis.Cellular senescence,a state of stable cell cycle arrest that is recognized as a key underlying factor in age-related fibroproliferative disorders,plays an important role in chronic lung diseases,particularly pulmonary fibrosis.We previously reported that SiO2-stimulated mice and alveolar type II epithelial cells develop cellular senescence,which is involved in silicosis formation in alveolar type II epithelial cells[1].Cellular senescence may play an important role in silicosis development;however,the exact underlying mechanisms are not fully understood.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2024YFA1408103)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.11974098,12474158,12234017 and 12488101)+3 种基金Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(Grant No.2021ZD0302800)Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(Grant No.A202305017)Anhui Initiative in Quantum Information Technologies(Grant No.AHY170000)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.WK2340000082)。
文摘Interlayer antiferromagnetic coupling,small magnetic anisotropy,and low air stability of the intrinsic magnetic topological insulator MnBi_(2)Te_(4)have been critical bottlenecks to the future application of the quantum anomalous Hall efect(QAHE)at zero magnetic feld.In this study,we propose a scheme to utilize capped sliding van der Waals materials to efectively modulate the magnetic and topological properties of MnBi_(2)Te_(4).Our results demonstrate that the h-BN/MnBi_(2)Te_(4)/h-BN heterostructure,constructed by sliding ferroelectric h-BN bilayer and MnBi_(2)Te_(4),not only realizes a transition from interlayer antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic coupling but also signifcantly enhances the out-of-plane magnetism and air stability of MnBi_(2)Te_(4).Moreover,the above magnetic properties can be further improved by tuning the interlayer distance between h-BN and MnBi_(2)Te_(4).Additionally,the obtained band structures and topological properties clearly support that the h-BN/MnBi_(2)Te_(4)/hBN heterostructure can harbor the QAHE with a Chern number of C=1.This work provides a new and nonvolatile modulation approach to achieve high-temperature and high-precision QAHE at zero magnetic feld.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:82204006Science and Technology Project of Hebei Education Department,Grant/Award Number:QN2022009+1 种基金Medical Science Research Project of Hebei,Grant/Award Number:20221534National Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,Grant/Award Number:H2024209038。
文摘Background:It is well recognized that developing new animal models,refining the existing mouse models,and thoroughly characterizing their features are essential for gaining a deeper understanding of rosacea pathogenesis and for advancing therapeutic strategies in this direction.Accordingly,we aimed to characterize the pathological features of a long-term LL-37-induced mouse model of rosacea and to compare the disease manifestations and pathophysiological characteristics between short-term and long-term LL-37-induced models.A key focus was to investigate differential gene expression and the underlying mechanisms of immune system dysregulation in these models.Methods:We comparatively assessed skin lesion manifestations,the extent of inflammatory infiltration,sebaceous gland alterations,fibrosis,and angiogenesis in both models.Assessments were performed using photographic documentation,hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining,Van Gieson's(VG)staining,immunohistochemistry,and Western blotting.Furthermore,we employed RNA sequencing to analyze differential gene expression in mouse skin.The RNA sequencing data were validated using immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting,with a specific focus on gene variations and mechanisms related to immune system dysregulation.Results:Mice subjected to long-term LL-37 induction developed rosacea-like pathological features,including angiogenesis,thickened skin tissue,and sebaceous gland hypertrophy.In the short-term LL-37-induced model,immune dysregulation primarily involved the innate immune response.However,long-term LL-37 induction resulted in significant activation of both innate and adaptive immune responses.Conclusion:The long-term LL-37-induced mouse model offers a valuable animal model for the detailed investigation of the pathological mechanisms driving moderate-to-severe rosacea with prolonged disease duration.Importantly,this model provides a significant experimental foundation for exploring the potential role of immune system dysregulation in rosacea pathogenesis.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Program of Yunnan Provincial Department of Science and Technology-Basic Research Program,No.202301BA070001-025.
文摘BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is one of the major eye diseases contributing to blindness worldwide.Endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress in retinal cells is a key factor leading to retinal inflammation and vascular leakage in DR,but its mechanism is still unclear.AIM To investigate the potential mechanism of LEF1 and related RNAs in DR.METHODS ARPE-19 cells were exposed to high levels of glucose for 24 hours to simulate a diabetic environment.Intraperitoneally injected streptozotocin was used to induce the rat model of DR.The expression levels of genes and related proteins were measured by RT-qPCR and Western blotting;lnc-MGC and miR-495-3p were detected by fluorescent in situ hybridization;CCK-8 and TUNEL assays were used to detect cell viability and apoptosis;enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect inflammatory factors;dual-luciferase gene assays were used to verify the targeting relationship;and the retina was observed by HE staining.RESULTS LEF1 and lnc-MGC have binding sites,and lnc-MGC can regulate the miR-495-3p/GRP78 molecular axis.In high glucose-treated cells,inflammation was aggravated,the intracellular reactive oxygen species concentration was increased,cell viability was reduced,apoptosis was increased,the ER response was intensified,and ferroptosis was increased.As an ER molecular chaperone,GRP78 regulates the ER and ferroptosis under the targeting of miR-495-3p,whereas inhibiting LEF1 can further downregulate the expression of lnc-MGC,increase the level of miR-495-3p,and sequentially regulate the level of GRP78 to alleviate the occurrence and development of DR.Animal experiments indicated that the knockdown of LEF1 can affect the lnc-MGC/miR-495-3p/GRP78 signaling axis to restrain the progression of DR.CONCLUSION LEF1 knockdown can regulate the miR-495-3p/GRP78 molecular axis through lnc-MGC,which affects ER stress and restrains the progression of DR and ferroptosis in retinal pigment epithelial cells.
基金Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2023YFC2206502)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12175254 and 12227810)+1 种基金Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research(Grant No.2023B0303000003)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Particle Detection Technology(Grant No.2024B1212010005)。
文摘The rapid growth of neutron flux has driven the development of^(3)He-free neutron detectors to satisfy the requirements of the neutron scattering instruments under construction or planned at the China Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS).Position-sensitive neutron detectors with a high counting rate and large area play an important role in the instruments performing neutron measurements in or close to the direct beam.The ceramic gas-electron-multiplier(GEM)detector serves as a promising solution,and considerable work has been done using the small-area GEM neutron detectors.In this article,we designed and constructed a detector prototype utilizing ceramic GEM foils with an effective area of about307 mm×307 mm.To evaluate and investigate their basic characteristics,the Monte Carlo(MC)tool FLUKA was employed and several neutron beam tests were conducted at CSNS.The simulated spatial resolution was basically in agreement with the measured value of 2.50±0.01 mm(FWHM).The wavelength spectra measurement was verified through comparisons with a commercial beam monitor.In addition,a detection efficiency of 4.7±0.1%was achieved for monoenergetic neutrons of 1.59 A wavelength.This is consistent with the simulated result.The results indicate that the large-area ceramic GEM detector is a good candidate to implement neutron beam measurements.Its efficiency can be improved in a cascading manner to approach that reached by traditional^(3)He detectors.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52071299,51804280)Special Fund for Science and Technology Innovation Teams of Shanxi Province,China(Grant No.202304051001029)+3 种基金Major Science and Technology Projects of Shanxi Province,China(Grant Nos.20181101009,20201102009)Scientific and Technological Achievements Transformation Guidance Project of Shanxi Province,China(Grant No.202204021301048)Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province,China(Grant No.202203021212117)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(Grant No.2023QNRC001)。
文摘Based on the actual conditions of laser powder bed fusion(LPBF),a three-dimensional transient thermal-structural coupling single-layer finite element model was established to simulate the LPBF of Al-Cu-Mg-Si alloys.After characterizing the thermal behavior and residual stress distribution of the molten pool under different LPBF parameters,the cracking mechanisms of the Al-Cu-Mg-Si alloy were revealed.With an increase in the number of scanning tracks,the maximum cooling rate decreased gradually,whereas the maximum heating rate first increased and then decreased.The residual stress of the printed parts after cooling was primarily tensile stress.The residual stress along the scanning direction was mainly distributed in the center of the printing layer,whereas the residual stress perpendicular to the scanning direction was mainly concentrated in the center of the track.The residual stress along the deposition direction decreased with increasing distance from the substrate,with the highest stress occurring at the contact position with the substrate.Compared with the scanning speed,the laser power had a greater effect on the temperature and residual stress.The reliability of the numerical simulation was verified based on the size of the molten pool and the direction of crack propagation.
基金Supported by the Youth Doctor Support Project of the Education Department of Gansu Province,No.2024QB-100.
文摘BACKGROUND Lung cancer is one of the most common and deadly cancers worldwide.As the disease progresses and due to the side effects of treatment,patients’physical activity significantly decreases.AIM To systematically review and conduct a meta-analysis on the effects of exercise rehabilitation on the physical activity of lung cancer patients and determine the best implementation methods to provide clinical guidance.METHODS Literature was searched through multiple electronic databases.A random effects model was used to combine effect sizes through standardized mean difference(SMD).The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to assess the quality of the lite-rature,sensitivity analysis was used to ensure the robustness of the results,and Egger’s test was used to detect publication bias and asymmetry.RESULTS A total of 11 studies involving 541 patients were included in this study.The phy-sical endurance,muscle function and cardiopulmonary function of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)patients were evaluated.The overall effect size of the six-minute walk test(6MWT)was not statistically significant.However,subgroup analysis found that endurance significantly improved when exercise duration exceeded 0.5 hours(P≤0.05).In terms of muscle function,the overall effect size was SMD=0.619.Subgroup analysis showed that strength training,respiratory training,and cross-training(XT)significantly improved muscle function.Exercise rehabilitation significantly enhanced cardiopulmonary endurance(SMD=0.856,P=0.002),and the effect was better when the single exercise duration was more than 1 hour,age was over 65 years,and the intervention period was more than 3 months.CONCLUSION Exercise rehabilitation effectively improved muscle function in NSCLC patients,especially strength training,respiratory training,and cross-training.Cardiopulmonary function also showed improvement,particularly when exercise duration exceeded 1 hour,age was≥65 years,and the intervention period was more than 3 months.A single exercise duration of more than 0.5 hours can enhance patients’physical endurance.Appropriately increasing exercise duration and selecting suitable exercise forms can effectively improve the physical activity of NSCLC patients.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52375393,52071299)the Science and Technology Innovation Talent Team of Shanxi Province,China(No.202304051001029)+3 种基金the Scientific and Technological Achievements Transformation Guidance Project of Shanxi Province,China(No.202204021301048)the Key R&D Program of Shanxi Province,China(Nos.2210300058MZ,202202150401020)the Hai’an&Taiyuan University of Technology Advanced Manufacturing and Intelligent Equipment Industrial Research Institute,China(No.2023HA-TYUTKFYF020)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST,China(No.2023QNRC001).
文摘A combination of casting and laser remelting was employed to develop a high-strength and heat-resistant Al-Si-Fe alloy suitable for powder bed fusion using a laser beam(PBF-LB).By clarifying the effects of the incorporated elements and their contents on the microstructure and mechanical performance of Al-Si-Fe alloys,the composition was optimized as Al-11Si-2.5Fe-2Mn-1.2Ni-0.4Cr(in wt.%).The optimized alloy was subsequently validated using PBF-LB,which exhibited favorable machinability,achieving a density of 99.8%.The room-temperature tensile strength of the PBF-LB manufactured Al-Si-Fe alloy reached(512.76±3.26)MPa,with a yield strength of(337.79±2.36)MPa and an elongation of(2.98±0.07)%.The enhanced room-temperature mechanical properties could be mainly attributed to the combined effects of fine-grain strengthening,solid solution strengthening,and precipitation strengthening.At 300°C,the high-temperature tensile strength of the developed alloy reached(222.47±6.41)MPa,with a yield strength of(164.25±11.40)MPa and an elongation of(8.88±0.33)%,outperforming those of existing alloys documented in the literature.The improved high-temperature mechanical performance was primarily provided by the three-dimensional network comprising cellular heat-resistant Al17(FeMnNiCr)4Si2 andα-Al(FeMn)Si phases.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province(202103021224193).
文摘Al/steel bimetallic composites were prepared by compound casting,and the effects of the rotating magnetic field on the interfacial microstructure and shear property of bimetallic composite was investigated.The application of rotating magnetic field refined the grain structure of the Al alloy matrix,changed the eutectic Si morphology from coarse lath to needle-like.The rotating magnetic field improved the temperature field and solute distribution of the Al alloy melt,enriched a layer of Si at the interface,and suppressed the growth of intermetallic compounds,the thickness of the interface layer decreased from 44.9μm to 22.8μm.The interfacial intermetallic compounds consisted ofη-Al_(5)Fe_(2),θ-Al_(13)Fe_(4),τ6-Al_(4.5)FeSi,τ_(5)-Al_(8)Fe_(2)Si andτ_(3)-Al_(2)FeSi,and the addition of the rotating magnetic field did not change phase composition.The rotating magnetic field improved the stress distribution within the interfacial intermetallic compounds,the presence of high-angle grain boundaries retarded crack extension,and the shear strength was enhanced from 31.27±3 MPa to 52.70±4 MPa.This work provides a feasible method for preparing Al/steel bimetallic composite with good bonding property.
