To elucidate the role of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in collagenous disease, direct effect of PPI on colonocytes was examined.METHODSCollagenous colitis is a common cause of non-bloody, watery diarrhea. Recently, th...To elucidate the role of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in collagenous disease, direct effect of PPI on colonocytes was examined.METHODSCollagenous colitis is a common cause of non-bloody, watery diarrhea. Recently, there has been increasing focus on the use of proton PPIs as a risk factor for developing collagenous colitis. Mouse CT26 colonic cells were treated with PPI and/or PPI-induced alkaline media. Expression of fibrosis-associated genes was examined by RT-PCR. In human materials, collagen expression was examined by immunohistochemistry.RESULTSCT26 cells expressed a Na<sup>+</sup>-H<sup>+</sup> exchanger gene (solute carrier family 9, member A2). Treatment with PPI and/or PPI-induced alkaline media caused growth inhibition and oxidative stress in CT26 cells. The treatment increased expression of fibrosis inducing factors, transforming growth factor β and fibroblast growth factor 2. The treatment also decreased expression of a negative regulator of collagen production, replication factor C1, resulting in increased expression of collagen types III and IV in association with lipid peroxide. In biopsy specimens from patients with collagenous colitis, type III and IV collagen were increased. Increase of type III collagen was more pronounced in PPI-associated collagenous colitis than in non-PPI-associated disease.CONCLUSIONFrom these findings, the reaction of colonocytes to PPI might participate in pathogenesis of collagenous colitis.展开更多
This study is focused on the application of an effective fabrication method combining electrolytic in-process dressing(ELID) grinding and magnetic assisted polishing(MAP) to nano-precision mirror surface grinding on t...This study is focused on the application of an effective fabrication method combining electrolytic in-process dressing(ELID) grinding and magnetic assisted polishing(MAP) to nano-precision mirror surface grinding on the optics glass-ceramic named Zerodure that is commonly used in precision optics components. The results show the variation of surface roughness after MAP processes utilizing Fe+CeO2, Fe+CeO2+diamond paste and Fe+diamond paste are applied to ELID ground surfaces. The MAP surface roughnesses for ELID ground surface roughnesses(Ra) of 52.1, 39.8 and 51.1 nm using #1200 grinding wheel are improved to 6.1, 4.6 and 1.9 nm, respectively. The surface roughness of MAP process using Fe+CeO2+diamond paste is superior to that using other processes. Moreover, it takes less than 10 min to conduct the MAP processes. The combined method suggested effectively reduces the working time to get the required surface qualities.展开更多
Total reflection x-ray fluorescence analysis is applied to trace element detection in liquid for effective environmental monitoring.This analytical approach requires x-ray total reflection mirrors.In order to achieve ...Total reflection x-ray fluorescence analysis is applied to trace element detection in liquid for effective environmental monitoring.This analytical approach requires x-ray total reflection mirrors.In order to achieve high sensitivity element detection,the mirrors require high surface quality for high x-ray reflectivity.Surface finishing for x-ray mirrors is typically conducted through a series of abrasive processes,such as grinding and polishing,and is thus time consuming.The purpose of this study is to streamline and enhance the surface finishing process based on unique high quality grinding techniques for the production of x-ray total reflection mirrors.展开更多
基金Supportedby MEXT KAKENHI,No.14478268 and No.16675788
文摘To elucidate the role of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in collagenous disease, direct effect of PPI on colonocytes was examined.METHODSCollagenous colitis is a common cause of non-bloody, watery diarrhea. Recently, there has been increasing focus on the use of proton PPIs as a risk factor for developing collagenous colitis. Mouse CT26 colonic cells were treated with PPI and/or PPI-induced alkaline media. Expression of fibrosis-associated genes was examined by RT-PCR. In human materials, collagen expression was examined by immunohistochemistry.RESULTSCT26 cells expressed a Na<sup>+</sup>-H<sup>+</sup> exchanger gene (solute carrier family 9, member A2). Treatment with PPI and/or PPI-induced alkaline media caused growth inhibition and oxidative stress in CT26 cells. The treatment increased expression of fibrosis inducing factors, transforming growth factor β and fibroblast growth factor 2. The treatment also decreased expression of a negative regulator of collagen production, replication factor C1, resulting in increased expression of collagen types III and IV in association with lipid peroxide. In biopsy specimens from patients with collagenous colitis, type III and IV collagen were increased. Increase of type III collagen was more pronounced in PPI-associated collagenous colitis than in non-PPI-associated disease.CONCLUSIONFrom these findings, the reaction of colonocytes to PPI might participate in pathogenesis of collagenous colitis.
基金Project supported by Research Program of Yonam Institute of Digital Technology,Korea
文摘This study is focused on the application of an effective fabrication method combining electrolytic in-process dressing(ELID) grinding and magnetic assisted polishing(MAP) to nano-precision mirror surface grinding on the optics glass-ceramic named Zerodure that is commonly used in precision optics components. The results show the variation of surface roughness after MAP processes utilizing Fe+CeO2, Fe+CeO2+diamond paste and Fe+diamond paste are applied to ELID ground surfaces. The MAP surface roughnesses for ELID ground surface roughnesses(Ra) of 52.1, 39.8 and 51.1 nm using #1200 grinding wheel are improved to 6.1, 4.6 and 1.9 nm, respectively. The surface roughness of MAP process using Fe+CeO2+diamond paste is superior to that using other processes. Moreover, it takes less than 10 min to conduct the MAP processes. The combined method suggested effectively reduces the working time to get the required surface qualities.
文摘Total reflection x-ray fluorescence analysis is applied to trace element detection in liquid for effective environmental monitoring.This analytical approach requires x-ray total reflection mirrors.In order to achieve high sensitivity element detection,the mirrors require high surface quality for high x-ray reflectivity.Surface finishing for x-ray mirrors is typically conducted through a series of abrasive processes,such as grinding and polishing,and is thus time consuming.The purpose of this study is to streamline and enhance the surface finishing process based on unique high quality grinding techniques for the production of x-ray total reflection mirrors.
