This study examines relationship between drinking cows’ milk at breakfast and several mental and physical characteristics (the diurnal type, sleep habits and mental condition as anger, out of control of emotion, irri...This study examines relationship between drinking cows’ milk at breakfast and several mental and physical characteristics (the diurnal type, sleep habits and mental condition as anger, out of control of emotion, irritation and depression) of Japanese small children aged 1 - 6 years old. A questionnaire study and an intervention one were performed in this study. An integrated questionnaire was administered, in July 2014 to 1112 participants attending one of 10 nursery school and 1 kindergarten located in Kochi (33°N, 133°E), Japan, and 582 parents (mostly mothers) which answered it instead of children (rate of answer: 51.9%). Intervention was done to 111 children attending the kindergarten. Seventy six parents answered the questionnaire which was administered 3 months after the intervention days of 21 (rate of answer: 51.9%). There are two contents of intervention, one is the distribution of cows’ milk for 21 days to be drunk at breakfast and another is the distribution of leaflet entitled “Go to bed early! Get up early! and Take nutritionally rich breakfast and cows’ milk!” just before the intervention. Just before the intervention, letter was distributed to 111 parents who were asked for their children to follow the contents of the leaflet and drink the cows’ milk distributed every day for the 21 days. Small children who drink cows’ milk at breakfast more than once per week and take nutritionally rich breakfast more than 4 times per week are more morning-typed than the other three groups in which children fit into one or none of the two issues of taking morning cows’ milk and rich breakfast (p p = 0.004). Also there was positive correlation between the implementation value for the 21 days and the diurnal type score 3 months later (r = 0.301, p = 0.018). Drinking cows’ milk at breakfast seems to be effective for small children to become more morning-typed through two sets of syntheses from tryptophan via serotonin into melatonin in the evening.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to clarify the distribution of oceanic Halobates in the area of the Kuroshio flowing near the southern shore in the direction of 100° - 120°, and also to compare the population ...The purpose of this study was to clarify the distribution of oceanic Halobates in the area of the Kuroshio flowing near the southern shore in the direction of 100° - 120°, and also to compare the population density of Halobates between the area within or outside the area of the Kuroshio and also among seasons. This study was carried out during 8 cruises by R/V TANSEIMARU. The Kuroshio area south of the southern Japan coast (30°00'N - 35°00'N, 130°25'E - 141°04'E) was dominated by H. sericeus, and the averaged population-density of this species was significantly higher inside the Kuroshio than outside this current. On the Kuroshio, H. sericeus was dominant with the population density of 16,396.4 km-2 ± 66,138.4 [26] (Mean ± SD [n]), whereas the density of H. germanus was 8,581.9 km-2 ± 24,443.2 [26]. The two oceanic sea skaters, H. sericeusand H. germanus showed significant seasonal variation in the population density, with significantly higher density in October than other months, whereas there was no such significant October peak in the cosmopolitan oceanic sea skater, H. micans. The results of this study may suggest that H. sericeus could use the Kuroshio as a transportation tool to distribute a wide latitude area of from 10°N to 40°N in the western tropical, subtropical and temperate area in the Pacific Ocean.展开更多
This study aims, first, to determine the relationship between Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and current circadian typology and sleep habits of adults who experienced the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake in their...This study aims, first, to determine the relationship between Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and current circadian typology and sleep habits of adults who experienced the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake in their childhood in January 1995. An integrated questionnaire was administered to 275 university students (females: 173, males: 93, unknown: 9) aged 19 - 37 (mean age: 21.9 years) in Hyogo Prefecture, Japan. The questionnaire consisted of basic questions about attributes, questions on sleep habits and sleep quality (Monroe’s sleep quality index), the Torsvall-?kerstedt Diurnal Type Scale and the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) to obtain PTSD scores. Participants who scored 25 or more in the IES-R were placed in a high-traumatic group (HTG) and those who scored less than 25 were placed in a low-traumatic group (LTG). HTG participants exhibited significantly worse sleep quality than LTG participants (p < 0.001). Although there was no significant difference in sleep latency (p > 0.05), HTG participants woke more frequently during sleep (p < 0.001) and had more difficulty falling asleep (p = 0.001) than LHG participants. Significantly more LTG participants fell asleep easily and slept deeply than HTG participants (p = 0.005, p = 0.011). Only among females, HTG participants were more evening-typed than LTG participants (p = 0.035). These results suggest that people who suffered a disaster in childhood and currently have PTSD have difficulty achieving high sleep quality. Evening-type lifestyles may reinforce the symptoms of PTSD. The study aims, second, to examine the effects of intervention for one month using a leaflet to promote the morning-typed life for persons who suffered natural disaster entitled “Go to bed early, Get up early and Do not forget to have a breakfast for getting three benefits!”. Only one person was over the cutoff point (between 24 and 25) before intervention. This high-traumatic person’s comprehensive sleep health tended to be improved through the intervention (p = 0.052). Such intervention to improve their quality of sleep and promote a morning-typed lifestyle may be an effective way to reduce PTSD symptoms.展开更多
文摘This study examines relationship between drinking cows’ milk at breakfast and several mental and physical characteristics (the diurnal type, sleep habits and mental condition as anger, out of control of emotion, irritation and depression) of Japanese small children aged 1 - 6 years old. A questionnaire study and an intervention one were performed in this study. An integrated questionnaire was administered, in July 2014 to 1112 participants attending one of 10 nursery school and 1 kindergarten located in Kochi (33°N, 133°E), Japan, and 582 parents (mostly mothers) which answered it instead of children (rate of answer: 51.9%). Intervention was done to 111 children attending the kindergarten. Seventy six parents answered the questionnaire which was administered 3 months after the intervention days of 21 (rate of answer: 51.9%). There are two contents of intervention, one is the distribution of cows’ milk for 21 days to be drunk at breakfast and another is the distribution of leaflet entitled “Go to bed early! Get up early! and Take nutritionally rich breakfast and cows’ milk!” just before the intervention. Just before the intervention, letter was distributed to 111 parents who were asked for their children to follow the contents of the leaflet and drink the cows’ milk distributed every day for the 21 days. Small children who drink cows’ milk at breakfast more than once per week and take nutritionally rich breakfast more than 4 times per week are more morning-typed than the other three groups in which children fit into one or none of the two issues of taking morning cows’ milk and rich breakfast (p p = 0.004). Also there was positive correlation between the implementation value for the 21 days and the diurnal type score 3 months later (r = 0.301, p = 0.018). Drinking cows’ milk at breakfast seems to be effective for small children to become more morning-typed through two sets of syntheses from tryptophan via serotonin into melatonin in the evening.
文摘The purpose of this study was to clarify the distribution of oceanic Halobates in the area of the Kuroshio flowing near the southern shore in the direction of 100° - 120°, and also to compare the population density of Halobates between the area within or outside the area of the Kuroshio and also among seasons. This study was carried out during 8 cruises by R/V TANSEIMARU. The Kuroshio area south of the southern Japan coast (30°00'N - 35°00'N, 130°25'E - 141°04'E) was dominated by H. sericeus, and the averaged population-density of this species was significantly higher inside the Kuroshio than outside this current. On the Kuroshio, H. sericeus was dominant with the population density of 16,396.4 km-2 ± 66,138.4 [26] (Mean ± SD [n]), whereas the density of H. germanus was 8,581.9 km-2 ± 24,443.2 [26]. The two oceanic sea skaters, H. sericeusand H. germanus showed significant seasonal variation in the population density, with significantly higher density in October than other months, whereas there was no such significant October peak in the cosmopolitan oceanic sea skater, H. micans. The results of this study may suggest that H. sericeus could use the Kuroshio as a transportation tool to distribute a wide latitude area of from 10°N to 40°N in the western tropical, subtropical and temperate area in the Pacific Ocean.
文摘This study aims, first, to determine the relationship between Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and current circadian typology and sleep habits of adults who experienced the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake in their childhood in January 1995. An integrated questionnaire was administered to 275 university students (females: 173, males: 93, unknown: 9) aged 19 - 37 (mean age: 21.9 years) in Hyogo Prefecture, Japan. The questionnaire consisted of basic questions about attributes, questions on sleep habits and sleep quality (Monroe’s sleep quality index), the Torsvall-?kerstedt Diurnal Type Scale and the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) to obtain PTSD scores. Participants who scored 25 or more in the IES-R were placed in a high-traumatic group (HTG) and those who scored less than 25 were placed in a low-traumatic group (LTG). HTG participants exhibited significantly worse sleep quality than LTG participants (p < 0.001). Although there was no significant difference in sleep latency (p > 0.05), HTG participants woke more frequently during sleep (p < 0.001) and had more difficulty falling asleep (p = 0.001) than LHG participants. Significantly more LTG participants fell asleep easily and slept deeply than HTG participants (p = 0.005, p = 0.011). Only among females, HTG participants were more evening-typed than LTG participants (p = 0.035). These results suggest that people who suffered a disaster in childhood and currently have PTSD have difficulty achieving high sleep quality. Evening-type lifestyles may reinforce the symptoms of PTSD. The study aims, second, to examine the effects of intervention for one month using a leaflet to promote the morning-typed life for persons who suffered natural disaster entitled “Go to bed early, Get up early and Do not forget to have a breakfast for getting three benefits!”. Only one person was over the cutoff point (between 24 and 25) before intervention. This high-traumatic person’s comprehensive sleep health tended to be improved through the intervention (p = 0.052). Such intervention to improve their quality of sleep and promote a morning-typed lifestyle may be an effective way to reduce PTSD symptoms.
