An essential adaptive strategy in insects is the evolution of olfactory receptors(ORs)to recognize important volatile environmental chemical cues.Our model species,Ceratosolen fusciceps,a specialist wasp pollinator of...An essential adaptive strategy in insects is the evolution of olfactory receptors(ORs)to recognize important volatile environmental chemical cues.Our model species,Ceratosolen fusciceps,a specialist wasp pollinator of Ficus racemosa,likely possesses an OR repertoire that allows it to distinguish fig-specific volatiles in highly variable environments.Using a newly assembled genome-guided transcriptome,we annotated 63 ORs in the species and reconstructed the phylogeny of Ceratosolen ORs in conjunction with other hymenopteran species.Expression analysis showed that though ORs were mainly expressed in the female antennae,20%were also expressed in nonantennal tissues such as the head,thorax,abdomen,legs,wings,and ovipositor.Specific upregulated expression was observed in OR30C in the head and OR60C in the wings.We identified OR expression from all major body parts of female C.fusciceps,suggesting novel roles of ORs throughout the body.Further examination of the OR expression of C.fusciceps in widely separated geographical locations,that is,South(urban)and Northeast(rural)India,revealed distinct OR expression levels in different locations.This discrepancy likely parallels the observed variation in fig volatiles between these regions and provides new insights into the evolution of insect ORs and their expression across geographical locations and tissues.展开更多
基金funded by the Department of Biotechnology(DBT),under the project entitled,"Chemical Ecology of the Northeast Region(NER)of India:A collaborative program linking NER and Bangalore Researchers"(DBT-NER/Agri/24/2013 dated 30/03/2013)support from the DBT-IISc partnership program and DST-FIST。
文摘An essential adaptive strategy in insects is the evolution of olfactory receptors(ORs)to recognize important volatile environmental chemical cues.Our model species,Ceratosolen fusciceps,a specialist wasp pollinator of Ficus racemosa,likely possesses an OR repertoire that allows it to distinguish fig-specific volatiles in highly variable environments.Using a newly assembled genome-guided transcriptome,we annotated 63 ORs in the species and reconstructed the phylogeny of Ceratosolen ORs in conjunction with other hymenopteran species.Expression analysis showed that though ORs were mainly expressed in the female antennae,20%were also expressed in nonantennal tissues such as the head,thorax,abdomen,legs,wings,and ovipositor.Specific upregulated expression was observed in OR30C in the head and OR60C in the wings.We identified OR expression from all major body parts of female C.fusciceps,suggesting novel roles of ORs throughout the body.Further examination of the OR expression of C.fusciceps in widely separated geographical locations,that is,South(urban)and Northeast(rural)India,revealed distinct OR expression levels in different locations.This discrepancy likely parallels the observed variation in fig volatiles between these regions and provides new insights into the evolution of insect ORs and their expression across geographical locations and tissues.
