C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) are representative pattern recognition receptors that recognize microbial polysaccharides expressed on antigen-presenting cells. In the present study, we carried out further detailed ana...C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) are representative pattern recognition receptors that recognize microbial polysaccharides expressed on antigen-presenting cells. In the present study, we carried out further detailed analysis on the involvement of Dectin-2, a CLR that senses high mannose polysaccharide, in innate immune responses induced by influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA). Treatment of HA with periodate or PNGase F induced lower interleukin (IL)-12p40 secretion by conventional dendritic cells (DCs) compared with the untreated group. In contrast, treatment with O-glycosidase did not affect cytokine production. Green fluorescent protein expression in canonical Dectin-2-transducing cells was approximately 3% - 12% following HA stimulation, except with the A/H1N1pdm09 subtype HA. This expression was markedly reduced in cells possessing mutated amino acids in the carbohydrate recognition domain of Dectin-2, especially following stimulation with HA derived from the A/H3N2 subtype. Interferon (IFN)-α production from CD11c<sup>+</sup>Siglec-H<sup>+</sup>PDCA-1<sup>+</sup> plasmacytoid DCs was significantly increased in Dectin-2 knockout mice compared with wild-type mice upon stimulation with HA except for the B/Yamagata lineage HA. These results suggested that Dectin-2 is involved in initiating inflammatory responses via mannose polysaccharide on HA. However, other mechanisms may function in the antiviral response, including the type I IFN axis.展开更多
In order to measure the thermophysical properties of ammoniated salt (CaCl2.mNH3: m = 4, 8) as an energy storage system utilizing natural resources, the measurement unit was developed, and the thermophysical propertie...In order to measure the thermophysical properties of ammoniated salt (CaCl2.mNH3: m = 4, 8) as an energy storage system utilizing natural resources, the measurement unit was developed, and the thermophysical properties (effective thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity) of CaCl2.mNH3 and CaCl2.mNH3 with heat transfer media (Ti: titanium) were measured by the any heating method. The effective thermal conductivities of CaCl2.4NH3 + Ti and CaCl2.8NH3 + Ti were 0.14 - 0.17 and 0.18 - 0.20 W/(m.K) in the measuring temperature range of 290 - 350 K, respectively, and these values were approximately 1.5 - 2.2 times larger than those of CaCl2.4NH3 and CaCl2.8NH3. The effective thermal diffusivities were 0.22 - 0.24 × 10-6 and 0.18 - 0.19 × 10-6 m2/sin the measuring temperature range of 290 - 350 K, respectively, and these values were approximately 1.3 - 1.5 times larger than those of CaCl2.4NH3 and CaCl2.8NH3. The obtained results show that the thermophysical properties have a dependence on the bulk densities and specific heats of CaCl2.mNH3 and CaCl2.mNH3 + Ti. It reveals that the thermophysical properties in this measurement would be the valuable design factors to develop energy and H2 storage systems utilizing natural resources such as solar energy.展开更多
The exothermic chemical reaction of CaCl2 (calcium chloride) with NH3 (ammonia) can be utilized as an energy storage system. Since this reaction is a typical gas-solid reaction, the reaction rate is controlled by the ...The exothermic chemical reaction of CaCl2 (calcium chloride) with NH3 (ammonia) can be utilized as an energy storage system. Since this reaction is a typical gas-solid reaction, the reaction rate is controlled by the heat transfer rate. In order to improve the low heat transfer rate of the ammoniation and the deammoniation of CaCl2, the influence of a heat transfer media (Ti: titanium) on the heat transfer rate of the solid ammoniated salt (CaCl2.mNH3) was studied and tested experimentally. The performance tests were carried out under the conditions of various weight ratios of Ti. No decrease of the activation of chemical reaction and no corrosion of experimental apparatus were observed on the repeated runs (≥30 times each). The heat transfer rate of ammoniated salt was greatly improved by adding Ti under the constant pressure (0.5 MPa). The reaction time required for the ammoniation of CaCl2 mixed with Ti was approximately 16% - 54% shorter than that of CaCl2 alone, and the reaction time required for the deammoniation was also approximately 19% - 59% shorter than that of CaCl2 alone.展开更多
Studies to decompose persistent organic pollutants in wastewater from chemical factories by using Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) have recently been performed. Oxidation reactions involving ozone and •OH ...Studies to decompose persistent organic pollutants in wastewater from chemical factories by using Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) have recently been performed. Oxidation reactions involving ozone and •OH radicals and cleavage caused by UV are the main decomposition reactions that occur in AOPs using ozone and UV. The mechanisms through which organic compounds are decomposed in AOPs are complicated and difficult to understand because various decomposition reactions occur simultaneously. The Total Organic Carbon (TOC) removal efficiencies achieved in several different AOPs were evaluated in this study. The TOC removal efficiencies were different for organic compounds with different chemical structures. The TOC was more effectively removed when aromatic compounds were treated using the O<sub>3</sub>-UV-TiO<sub>2</sub> process than when using the other AOPs, and the TOC was removed more effectively by the O<sub>3</sub>-UV process than by the UV-TiO<sub>2</sub> process. However, the TOC was removed more effectively when open-chain compounds were treated using the UV-TiO<sub>2</sub> process than using the O<sub>3</sub>-UV process, and the UV-TiO<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>3</sub>-UV-TiO<sub>2</sub> processes resulted in similar TOC removal efficiencies. Therefore, it is necessary to use the O<sub>3</sub>-UV-TiO<sub>2</sub> process to decompose aromatic compounds as quickly as possible. On the other hand, the UV-TiO<sub>2</sub> process degraded the open-chain compounds most effectively, and the O<sub>3</sub>-UV-TiO<sub>2</sub> process did not need to decompose open-chain compounds. Moreover, the TOC of aromatic compounds was removed more slowly than that of open-chain compounds. The TOC removal efficiency increased with decreasing the number of carbon atoms in the molecule. The TOC removal efficiencies increased in order of the organic compounds containing methyl groups, aldehyde groups and carboxyl groups. The removal of the TOC when organic compounds were treated using the O<sub>3</sub>-UV-TiO<sub>2</sub> process followed pseudo-zero-order kinetics.展开更多
Accurate positioning reduces the X-ray exposure of the subject and produces a valuable X-ray image for diagnosis. This paper describes the development of a positioning training tool that supports those studying to be ...Accurate positioning reduces the X-ray exposure of the subject and produces a valuable X-ray image for diagnosis. This paper describes the development of a positioning training tool that supports those studying to be radiological technologists in learning the positioning technique efficiently. Students perform the positioning on a personal computer using a three-dimensional computer graphics (3DCG) phantom constructed from computed tomography (CT) image data and confirm the produced plane image corresponding to the positioned phantom. It is expected that students will be able to undertake positioning training using our tool anywhere and at any time without using X-ray equipment. Repeated use of our training tool will help students attain a deep understanding of anatomy and acquire positioning skills efficiently and accurately.展开更多
This paper analyzes the correctly-expanded supersonic jet from a convergent-divergent axisymmetric nozzle by using numerical simulation of turbulent flow.And the calculated density distributions in this flow are compa...This paper analyzes the correctly-expanded supersonic jet from a convergent-divergent axisymmetric nozzle by using numerical simulation of turbulent flow.And the calculated density distributions in this flow are compared with the present experimental data using rainbow schlieren deflectometry.The value of the density from the experimental data agrees well with the results calculated by this simulation.Therefore,the present method of the measurement using rainbow schlieren deflectometry is useful for the measurement of the density of the correctly-expanded supersonic jet.展开更多
This paper analyzes the behaviour of coating particles as well as the gas flow both inside and outside of the High-Velocity Oxy-Fuel （HVOF） thermal spray gun by using a quasi-one-dimensional analysis and a numerical...This paper analyzes the behaviour of coating particles as well as the gas flow both inside and outside of the High-Velocity Oxy-Fuel （HVOF） thermal spray gun by using a quasi-one-dimensional analysis and a numerical simulation. The HVOF gun in the present analysis is an axially symmetric convergent-divergent nozzle with the design Math number of 2.0. From the present analysis, the distributions of veloeity and temperature of the coating particles flying inside and outside of the HVOF gun are predicted. The velocity and temperature of the coating particles at the exit of the gun calculated by the present method agree well with the previous experimental results. Therefore, the present method of calculation is considered to be useful for predicting the HVOF gas and particle flows.展开更多
The rainbow schlieren deflectometry has been combined with the computed tomography to obtain three-dimensional density fields of shock containing free jets and we call the method the schlieren CT. Experiments on the s...The rainbow schlieren deflectometry has been combined with the computed tomography to obtain three-dimensional density fields of shock containing free jets and we call the method the schlieren CT. Experiments on the schlieren CT have been performed at a nozzle pressure ratio of 4.0 by using an axisymmetric convergent nozzle with an inner diameter of 10 mm at the exit where the nozzle was operated at an underexpanded condition. Multidirectional rainbow schlieren pictures of an underexpanded sonic jet can be acquired by rotating the nozzle about its longitudinal axis in equal angular intervals and the three-dimensional density fields are reconstructed by the schlieren CT. The validity of the schlieren CT is verified by a comparison with the density fields reconstructed by the Abel inversion method. As a result, it is found that excellent quantitative agreement is reached between the three-dimensional jet density fields reconstructed from both methods.展开更多
The original version of this Article contained an error in CODE AVAILABILITY,in which description of URL for the hyperlink is incorrect.In the corrected version,“https://github.com/XXXX/”is replaced by“https://gith...The original version of this Article contained an error in CODE AVAILABILITY,in which description of URL for the hyperlink is incorrect.In the corrected version,“https://github.com/XXXX/”is replaced by“https://github.com/nttcslab/floor-padding-BO.”This has been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.展开更多
A crucial problem in achieving innovative high-throughput materials growth with machine learning,such as Bayesian optimization(BO),and automation techniques has been a lack of an appropriate way to handle missing data...A crucial problem in achieving innovative high-throughput materials growth with machine learning,such as Bayesian optimization(BO),and automation techniques has been a lack of an appropriate way to handle missing data due to experimental failures.Here,we propose a BO algorithm that complements the missing data in optimizing materials growth parameters.The proposed method provides a flexible optimization algorithm that searches a wide multi-dimensional parameter space.We demonstrate the effectiveness of the method with simulated data as well as in its implementation for actual materials growth,namely machine-learning-assisted molecular beam epitaxy(ML-MBE)of SrRuO_(3),which is widely used as a metallic electrode in oxide electronics.Through the exploitation and exploration in a wide three-dimensional parameter space,while complementing the missing data,we attained tensile-strained SrRuO3 film with a high residual resistivity ratio of 80.1,the highest among tensile-strained SrRuO3 films ever reported,in only 35 MBE growth runs.展开更多
文摘C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) are representative pattern recognition receptors that recognize microbial polysaccharides expressed on antigen-presenting cells. In the present study, we carried out further detailed analysis on the involvement of Dectin-2, a CLR that senses high mannose polysaccharide, in innate immune responses induced by influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA). Treatment of HA with periodate or PNGase F induced lower interleukin (IL)-12p40 secretion by conventional dendritic cells (DCs) compared with the untreated group. In contrast, treatment with O-glycosidase did not affect cytokine production. Green fluorescent protein expression in canonical Dectin-2-transducing cells was approximately 3% - 12% following HA stimulation, except with the A/H1N1pdm09 subtype HA. This expression was markedly reduced in cells possessing mutated amino acids in the carbohydrate recognition domain of Dectin-2, especially following stimulation with HA derived from the A/H3N2 subtype. Interferon (IFN)-α production from CD11c<sup>+</sup>Siglec-H<sup>+</sup>PDCA-1<sup>+</sup> plasmacytoid DCs was significantly increased in Dectin-2 knockout mice compared with wild-type mice upon stimulation with HA except for the B/Yamagata lineage HA. These results suggested that Dectin-2 is involved in initiating inflammatory responses via mannose polysaccharide on HA. However, other mechanisms may function in the antiviral response, including the type I IFN axis.
文摘In order to measure the thermophysical properties of ammoniated salt (CaCl2.mNH3: m = 4, 8) as an energy storage system utilizing natural resources, the measurement unit was developed, and the thermophysical properties (effective thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity) of CaCl2.mNH3 and CaCl2.mNH3 with heat transfer media (Ti: titanium) were measured by the any heating method. The effective thermal conductivities of CaCl2.4NH3 + Ti and CaCl2.8NH3 + Ti were 0.14 - 0.17 and 0.18 - 0.20 W/(m.K) in the measuring temperature range of 290 - 350 K, respectively, and these values were approximately 1.5 - 2.2 times larger than those of CaCl2.4NH3 and CaCl2.8NH3. The effective thermal diffusivities were 0.22 - 0.24 × 10-6 and 0.18 - 0.19 × 10-6 m2/sin the measuring temperature range of 290 - 350 K, respectively, and these values were approximately 1.3 - 1.5 times larger than those of CaCl2.4NH3 and CaCl2.8NH3. The obtained results show that the thermophysical properties have a dependence on the bulk densities and specific heats of CaCl2.mNH3 and CaCl2.mNH3 + Ti. It reveals that the thermophysical properties in this measurement would be the valuable design factors to develop energy and H2 storage systems utilizing natural resources such as solar energy.
文摘The exothermic chemical reaction of CaCl2 (calcium chloride) with NH3 (ammonia) can be utilized as an energy storage system. Since this reaction is a typical gas-solid reaction, the reaction rate is controlled by the heat transfer rate. In order to improve the low heat transfer rate of the ammoniation and the deammoniation of CaCl2, the influence of a heat transfer media (Ti: titanium) on the heat transfer rate of the solid ammoniated salt (CaCl2.mNH3) was studied and tested experimentally. The performance tests were carried out under the conditions of various weight ratios of Ti. No decrease of the activation of chemical reaction and no corrosion of experimental apparatus were observed on the repeated runs (≥30 times each). The heat transfer rate of ammoniated salt was greatly improved by adding Ti under the constant pressure (0.5 MPa). The reaction time required for the ammoniation of CaCl2 mixed with Ti was approximately 16% - 54% shorter than that of CaCl2 alone, and the reaction time required for the deammoniation was also approximately 19% - 59% shorter than that of CaCl2 alone.
文摘Studies to decompose persistent organic pollutants in wastewater from chemical factories by using Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) have recently been performed. Oxidation reactions involving ozone and •OH radicals and cleavage caused by UV are the main decomposition reactions that occur in AOPs using ozone and UV. The mechanisms through which organic compounds are decomposed in AOPs are complicated and difficult to understand because various decomposition reactions occur simultaneously. The Total Organic Carbon (TOC) removal efficiencies achieved in several different AOPs were evaluated in this study. The TOC removal efficiencies were different for organic compounds with different chemical structures. The TOC was more effectively removed when aromatic compounds were treated using the O<sub>3</sub>-UV-TiO<sub>2</sub> process than when using the other AOPs, and the TOC was removed more effectively by the O<sub>3</sub>-UV process than by the UV-TiO<sub>2</sub> process. However, the TOC was removed more effectively when open-chain compounds were treated using the UV-TiO<sub>2</sub> process than using the O<sub>3</sub>-UV process, and the UV-TiO<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>3</sub>-UV-TiO<sub>2</sub> processes resulted in similar TOC removal efficiencies. Therefore, it is necessary to use the O<sub>3</sub>-UV-TiO<sub>2</sub> process to decompose aromatic compounds as quickly as possible. On the other hand, the UV-TiO<sub>2</sub> process degraded the open-chain compounds most effectively, and the O<sub>3</sub>-UV-TiO<sub>2</sub> process did not need to decompose open-chain compounds. Moreover, the TOC of aromatic compounds was removed more slowly than that of open-chain compounds. The TOC removal efficiency increased with decreasing the number of carbon atoms in the molecule. The TOC removal efficiencies increased in order of the organic compounds containing methyl groups, aldehyde groups and carboxyl groups. The removal of the TOC when organic compounds were treated using the O<sub>3</sub>-UV-TiO<sub>2</sub> process followed pseudo-zero-order kinetics.
文摘Accurate positioning reduces the X-ray exposure of the subject and produces a valuable X-ray image for diagnosis. This paper describes the development of a positioning training tool that supports those studying to be radiological technologists in learning the positioning technique efficiently. Students perform the positioning on a personal computer using a three-dimensional computer graphics (3DCG) phantom constructed from computed tomography (CT) image data and confirm the produced plane image corresponding to the positioned phantom. It is expected that students will be able to undertake positioning training using our tool anywhere and at any time without using X-ray equipment. Repeated use of our training tool will help students attain a deep understanding of anatomy and acquire positioning skills efficiently and accurately.
文摘This paper analyzes the correctly-expanded supersonic jet from a convergent-divergent axisymmetric nozzle by using numerical simulation of turbulent flow.And the calculated density distributions in this flow are compared with the present experimental data using rainbow schlieren deflectometry.The value of the density from the experimental data agrees well with the results calculated by this simulation.Therefore,the present method of the measurement using rainbow schlieren deflectometry is useful for the measurement of the density of the correctly-expanded supersonic jet.
文摘This paper analyzes the behaviour of coating particles as well as the gas flow both inside and outside of the High-Velocity Oxy-Fuel （HVOF） thermal spray gun by using a quasi-one-dimensional analysis and a numerical simulation. The HVOF gun in the present analysis is an axially symmetric convergent-divergent nozzle with the design Math number of 2.0. From the present analysis, the distributions of veloeity and temperature of the coating particles flying inside and outside of the HVOF gun are predicted. The velocity and temperature of the coating particles at the exit of the gun calculated by the present method agree well with the previous experimental results. Therefore, the present method of calculation is considered to be useful for predicting the HVOF gas and particle flows.
基金funded by Grant-in-Aid for Scientic Research(C)No.15K05804 of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science and supported in part by the 2014 Grant for Specially Promoted Research of the Institute of Environmental Science and Technology,The University of Kitakyushu
文摘The rainbow schlieren deflectometry has been combined with the computed tomography to obtain three-dimensional density fields of shock containing free jets and we call the method the schlieren CT. Experiments on the schlieren CT have been performed at a nozzle pressure ratio of 4.0 by using an axisymmetric convergent nozzle with an inner diameter of 10 mm at the exit where the nozzle was operated at an underexpanded condition. Multidirectional rainbow schlieren pictures of an underexpanded sonic jet can be acquired by rotating the nozzle about its longitudinal axis in equal angular intervals and the three-dimensional density fields are reconstructed by the schlieren CT. The validity of the schlieren CT is verified by a comparison with the density fields reconstructed by the Abel inversion method. As a result, it is found that excellent quantitative agreement is reached between the three-dimensional jet density fields reconstructed from both methods.
文摘The original version of this Article contained an error in CODE AVAILABILITY,in which description of URL for the hyperlink is incorrect.In the corrected version,“https://github.com/XXXX/”is replaced by“https://github.com/nttcslab/floor-padding-BO.”This has been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
文摘A crucial problem in achieving innovative high-throughput materials growth with machine learning,such as Bayesian optimization(BO),and automation techniques has been a lack of an appropriate way to handle missing data due to experimental failures.Here,we propose a BO algorithm that complements the missing data in optimizing materials growth parameters.The proposed method provides a flexible optimization algorithm that searches a wide multi-dimensional parameter space.We demonstrate the effectiveness of the method with simulated data as well as in its implementation for actual materials growth,namely machine-learning-assisted molecular beam epitaxy(ML-MBE)of SrRuO_(3),which is widely used as a metallic electrode in oxide electronics.Through the exploitation and exploration in a wide three-dimensional parameter space,while complementing the missing data,we attained tensile-strained SrRuO3 film with a high residual resistivity ratio of 80.1,the highest among tensile-strained SrRuO3 films ever reported,in only 35 MBE growth runs.
