The development of the bioplastics industry addresses critical issues such as environmental pollution and food safety concerns.However,the industrialization of bioplastics remains underdeveloped due to challenges such...The development of the bioplastics industry addresses critical issues such as environmental pollution and food safety concerns.However,the industrialization of bioplastics remains underdeveloped due to challenges such as high production costs and suboptimal material characteristics.To enhance these characteristics,this study investigates bioplastics reinforced with Nanocrystalline Cellulose(NCC)derived from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches(OPEFB),incorporating dispersing agents.The research employs a Central Composite Design from the Response SurfaceMethodology(RSM)with two factors:the type of dispersing agent(KCl and NaCl)and the NCC concentration fromOPEFB(1%-5%),along with the dispersing agent concentration(0.5%-3%).The objective of this study is to analyze the characteristics of food packaging bioplastics composed of a sago starch matrix,NCC from OPEFB,and dispersing agents.The novelty of this research lies in the development of food packaging bioplastics using sago starch reinforced withNCC fromOPEFB and the addition of dispersing agents(KCl andNaCl).The results indicate that incorporating NCC from OPEFB and dispersing agents significantly enhances the bioplastic’s properties,meeting the JIS 2-1707 standards for food packaging plastic films.The bioplastic was tested as packaging for gelamai(a traditional food from West Sumatra)through an organoleptic evaluation.Consumer acceptance in terms of taste,smell,and color remained satisfactory up to the 14th day.Further research is required to scale up production using the optimal formulation identified in this study.Additionally,this bioplastic is recommended for use as packaging for various food products.展开更多
A human middle ear consists of an eardrum and three ossicles which are linked by each other, and connect with the eardrum and an inner ear. The inner ear consists of a cochlea and a vestibular system. An abnormality o...A human middle ear consists of an eardrum and three ossicles which are linked by each other, and connect with the eardrum and an inner ear. The inner ear consists of a cochlea and a vestibular system. An abnormality of the human middle ear such as ossicular dislocation may cause conductive hearing loss. The conductive hearing loss is generally treated by surgery using artificial ossicles. The treatments of conductive hearing loss require a better understanding of characteristics and dynamic behaviors of the human middle ear when the sounds transmit from outer inner to inner ear. The purpose of this research is to simulate the dynamic behaviors of a human ear system comprising the middle ear and the cochlea in the inner ear using the finite element method (FEM). Firstly, the eigen-value analysis was performed to obtain the natural frequencies and vibration modes of the total ear system. Secondly, the frequency response analysis was carried out. Thirdly, the time history response analyses were performed using human voices as the external forces. In the time history response analyses, the sounds created as input sound pressures were used. Human voices, for example vowels “I”, “u” and “e” as input sound pressures were created by using the sound pressures downloaded from the opening samples of human voices as wav files in a website. Then it was clarified that the high frequency components of sounds are reduced by the middle ear system.展开更多
基金the Industrial Human Resource Development Agency,Ministry of Industry in 2023。
文摘The development of the bioplastics industry addresses critical issues such as environmental pollution and food safety concerns.However,the industrialization of bioplastics remains underdeveloped due to challenges such as high production costs and suboptimal material characteristics.To enhance these characteristics,this study investigates bioplastics reinforced with Nanocrystalline Cellulose(NCC)derived from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches(OPEFB),incorporating dispersing agents.The research employs a Central Composite Design from the Response SurfaceMethodology(RSM)with two factors:the type of dispersing agent(KCl and NaCl)and the NCC concentration fromOPEFB(1%-5%),along with the dispersing agent concentration(0.5%-3%).The objective of this study is to analyze the characteristics of food packaging bioplastics composed of a sago starch matrix,NCC from OPEFB,and dispersing agents.The novelty of this research lies in the development of food packaging bioplastics using sago starch reinforced withNCC fromOPEFB and the addition of dispersing agents(KCl andNaCl).The results indicate that incorporating NCC from OPEFB and dispersing agents significantly enhances the bioplastic’s properties,meeting the JIS 2-1707 standards for food packaging plastic films.The bioplastic was tested as packaging for gelamai(a traditional food from West Sumatra)through an organoleptic evaluation.Consumer acceptance in terms of taste,smell,and color remained satisfactory up to the 14th day.Further research is required to scale up production using the optimal formulation identified in this study.Additionally,this bioplastic is recommended for use as packaging for various food products.
文摘A human middle ear consists of an eardrum and three ossicles which are linked by each other, and connect with the eardrum and an inner ear. The inner ear consists of a cochlea and a vestibular system. An abnormality of the human middle ear such as ossicular dislocation may cause conductive hearing loss. The conductive hearing loss is generally treated by surgery using artificial ossicles. The treatments of conductive hearing loss require a better understanding of characteristics and dynamic behaviors of the human middle ear when the sounds transmit from outer inner to inner ear. The purpose of this research is to simulate the dynamic behaviors of a human ear system comprising the middle ear and the cochlea in the inner ear using the finite element method (FEM). Firstly, the eigen-value analysis was performed to obtain the natural frequencies and vibration modes of the total ear system. Secondly, the frequency response analysis was carried out. Thirdly, the time history response analyses were performed using human voices as the external forces. In the time history response analyses, the sounds created as input sound pressures were used. Human voices, for example vowels “I”, “u” and “e” as input sound pressures were created by using the sound pressures downloaded from the opening samples of human voices as wav files in a website. Then it was clarified that the high frequency components of sounds are reduced by the middle ear system.
