This study addresses the global problem of the detoxification of cadmium(Cd)-containing solid waste by developing an eco-friendly thiosulfate system for extracting the negative electrode materials from spent Ni–Cd ba...This study addresses the global problem of the detoxification of cadmium(Cd)-containing solid waste by developing an eco-friendly thiosulfate system for extracting the negative electrode materials from spent Ni–Cd batteries and proposing an ultraviolet(UV)photolysis technology for the green recycling of the Cd in the resultant leached solution.Cd extraction is performed using both simple thiosulfate and cuprous thiosulfate systems,with the cuprous thiosulfate system exhibiting a superior leaching performance(80%),as compared with that of the simple thiosulfate system(36%).X-ray diffraction(XRD)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)analyses reveal the formation of copper sulfide on the surface of the Ni–Cd batteries leaching residue,which is confirmed by Cdleaching kinetics fitting using the shrinking-core model.Following UV exposure,95%of the Cd precipitates from the leaching solution to form CdS.Transmission electron microscopy(TEM)characterization and particle size distribution reveal that the CdS contains 100–150 nm-diameter spherical particles with compact surface structures.Electrochemical performance tests and UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectra(UV–Vis DRS)analyses demonstrate that the UV-photolysis product exhibits excellent photoelectric conversion characteristics.Photocatalytic activity tests of the recovered CdS confirm that the photocatalytic degradation ratio of methyl orange is 87%,indicating the successful green recycling of Cd from spent Ni–Cd batteries,which improves its potential application in the field of photocatalysis.展开更多
Thin sheets (20 μm - 30 μm) of an aluminum-scandium alloy were manufactured by magnetron sputtering with a homogeneous thickness distribution. The influence of bias voltage on the sheet properties was investigated. ...Thin sheets (20 μm - 30 μm) of an aluminum-scandium alloy were manufactured by magnetron sputtering with a homogeneous thickness distribution. The influence of bias voltage on the sheet properties was investigated. Steel sheets of 100 μm were employed as substrate and were coated in a dc magnetron sputtering unit fitted with a rectangular target of aluminum 2.0 w% scandium master alloy. After deposition, the substrates were dissolved in an oxidizing medium and thus freestanding aluminum-scandium thin films were obtained. The homogeneous thickness was achieved by a reciprocal movement of the substrate. The influence of a radio frequency bias voltage on the coating properties was investigated. The bias voltage resulted in an important coarsening of the columnar structure as well as an increase of the roughness and hardness. Additionally, a low bias voltage could intensively reduce the coating defect density without altering too much the sheet properties.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52104349)Henan Provincial Science and Technology R&D Plan Joint Fund Project(No.232103810032)+1 种基金the Funds for HAUST Young Cadre Teacher(No.400213450022)supporting by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M721031)。
文摘This study addresses the global problem of the detoxification of cadmium(Cd)-containing solid waste by developing an eco-friendly thiosulfate system for extracting the negative electrode materials from spent Ni–Cd batteries and proposing an ultraviolet(UV)photolysis technology for the green recycling of the Cd in the resultant leached solution.Cd extraction is performed using both simple thiosulfate and cuprous thiosulfate systems,with the cuprous thiosulfate system exhibiting a superior leaching performance(80%),as compared with that of the simple thiosulfate system(36%).X-ray diffraction(XRD)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)analyses reveal the formation of copper sulfide on the surface of the Ni–Cd batteries leaching residue,which is confirmed by Cdleaching kinetics fitting using the shrinking-core model.Following UV exposure,95%of the Cd precipitates from the leaching solution to form CdS.Transmission electron microscopy(TEM)characterization and particle size distribution reveal that the CdS contains 100–150 nm-diameter spherical particles with compact surface structures.Electrochemical performance tests and UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectra(UV–Vis DRS)analyses demonstrate that the UV-photolysis product exhibits excellent photoelectric conversion characteristics.Photocatalytic activity tests of the recovered CdS confirm that the photocatalytic degradation ratio of methyl orange is 87%,indicating the successful green recycling of Cd from spent Ni–Cd batteries,which improves its potential application in the field of photocatalysis.
文摘Thin sheets (20 μm - 30 μm) of an aluminum-scandium alloy were manufactured by magnetron sputtering with a homogeneous thickness distribution. The influence of bias voltage on the sheet properties was investigated. Steel sheets of 100 μm were employed as substrate and were coated in a dc magnetron sputtering unit fitted with a rectangular target of aluminum 2.0 w% scandium master alloy. After deposition, the substrates were dissolved in an oxidizing medium and thus freestanding aluminum-scandium thin films were obtained. The homogeneous thickness was achieved by a reciprocal movement of the substrate. The influence of a radio frequency bias voltage on the coating properties was investigated. The bias voltage resulted in an important coarsening of the columnar structure as well as an increase of the roughness and hardness. Additionally, a low bias voltage could intensively reduce the coating defect density without altering too much the sheet properties.
