Human health is intimately connected and tied to the health of our environment and ecosystem,with only a very small fraction of the risk for chronic diseases explained by genetics alone.Companion animals are prone to ...Human health is intimately connected and tied to the health of our environment and ecosystem,with only a very small fraction of the risk for chronic diseases explained by genetics alone.Companion animals are prone to disease types that are shared with people,including cancers and endocrine disorders,reinforcing the thought that environmental factors contribute to the risks for chronic diseases.These factors include air and water pollution and the built environment.As such,there is increasing interest in pursuing research with companion animals,and specifically dogs,as sentinel species to inform comparative health assessments and identify risk factors for disease.Of the canine diseases for which environmental exposure research has been published,cancers have received the most attention.This review summarizes two main aspects of this comparative approach:(1)cancers that occur in dogs and which are similar to humans and(2)research investigating environmental exposures and health outcomes in dogs.The goal of this review is to highlight the diverse conditions in which pet dogs may provide unique perspectives and advantages to examine relationships between environmental exposures and health outcomes,with an emphasis on chemical pollution and cancer.Furthermore,this review seeks to raise awareness and stimulate discussion around the best practices for the use of companion animals as environmental health sentinels.展开更多
Background:Until their phase-out between 2005 and 2013,polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs)were added to household products including furniture,rugs,and electronics to meet flammability standards.Replacement brominat...Background:Until their phase-out between 2005 and 2013,polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs)were added to household products including furniture,rugs,and electronics to meet flammability standards.Replacement brominated flame retardant(BFR)chemicals,including 2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate(TBB)and bis(2-ethylhexyl)2,3,4,5-tetrabromophthalate(TBPH),which are components of the Firemaster 550®commercial mixture,are now being used to meet some flammability standards in furniture.The objective of this analysis was to evaluate the extent to which mothers and their children living in New York City are exposed to PBDEs,TBB,and TBPH.Methods:We measured PBDEs,TBB,and TBPH using gas chromatography mass spectrometry in dust(n=25)and handwipe(n?11)samples collected between 2012 and 2013 from mothers and children living in New York City.We defined dust as enriched if the proportional distribution for a given BFR exceeded two-thirds of the total BFR content.Results:We detected PBDEs and TBPH in 100%of dust and handwipe samples and TBB in 100%of dust samples and 95%of handwipe samples.Dust from approximately two-thirds of households was enriched for either PBDEs(n?9)or for TBB t TBPH(n=8).Overall,the median house dust concentration of TBB+TBPH(1318 ng/g dust)was higher than that of SPentaBDE(802 ng/g dust)and BDE-209(1171 ng/g dust).Children generally had higher BFR handwipe concentrations compared to mothers(SPentaBDE:73%,BDE-209:64%,TBB t TBPH:55%)and within households,BFR concentrations from paired maternalchild handwipes were highly correlated.Among mothers,we found a significant positive relation between house dust and handwipe BDE-209 and TBB t TBPH concentrations.Conclusion:PBDEs,TBB and TBPH are ubiquitous in house dust and handwipes in a sample of motherchild pairs residing in New York City.展开更多
文摘Human health is intimately connected and tied to the health of our environment and ecosystem,with only a very small fraction of the risk for chronic diseases explained by genetics alone.Companion animals are prone to disease types that are shared with people,including cancers and endocrine disorders,reinforcing the thought that environmental factors contribute to the risks for chronic diseases.These factors include air and water pollution and the built environment.As such,there is increasing interest in pursuing research with companion animals,and specifically dogs,as sentinel species to inform comparative health assessments and identify risk factors for disease.Of the canine diseases for which environmental exposure research has been published,cancers have received the most attention.This review summarizes two main aspects of this comparative approach:(1)cancers that occur in dogs and which are similar to humans and(2)research investigating environmental exposures and health outcomes in dogs.The goal of this review is to highlight the diverse conditions in which pet dogs may provide unique perspectives and advantages to examine relationships between environmental exposures and health outcomes,with an emphasis on chemical pollution and cancer.Furthermore,this review seeks to raise awareness and stimulate discussion around the best practices for the use of companion animals as environmental health sentinels.
基金the Passport,Forsythia,and Fine Foundations,NIH R01 ES021806,R00 ES 017051,and P01 ES09089NIEHS T32ES023772,NIEHS T32ES007322 and EPA FP-91779001。
文摘Background:Until their phase-out between 2005 and 2013,polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs)were added to household products including furniture,rugs,and electronics to meet flammability standards.Replacement brominated flame retardant(BFR)chemicals,including 2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate(TBB)and bis(2-ethylhexyl)2,3,4,5-tetrabromophthalate(TBPH),which are components of the Firemaster 550®commercial mixture,are now being used to meet some flammability standards in furniture.The objective of this analysis was to evaluate the extent to which mothers and their children living in New York City are exposed to PBDEs,TBB,and TBPH.Methods:We measured PBDEs,TBB,and TBPH using gas chromatography mass spectrometry in dust(n=25)and handwipe(n?11)samples collected between 2012 and 2013 from mothers and children living in New York City.We defined dust as enriched if the proportional distribution for a given BFR exceeded two-thirds of the total BFR content.Results:We detected PBDEs and TBPH in 100%of dust and handwipe samples and TBB in 100%of dust samples and 95%of handwipe samples.Dust from approximately two-thirds of households was enriched for either PBDEs(n?9)or for TBB t TBPH(n=8).Overall,the median house dust concentration of TBB+TBPH(1318 ng/g dust)was higher than that of SPentaBDE(802 ng/g dust)and BDE-209(1171 ng/g dust).Children generally had higher BFR handwipe concentrations compared to mothers(SPentaBDE:73%,BDE-209:64%,TBB t TBPH:55%)and within households,BFR concentrations from paired maternalchild handwipes were highly correlated.Among mothers,we found a significant positive relation between house dust and handwipe BDE-209 and TBB t TBPH concentrations.Conclusion:PBDEs,TBB and TBPH are ubiquitous in house dust and handwipes in a sample of motherchild pairs residing in New York City.
