BACKGROUND Steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head(SANFH)involves bone metabolism imbalance and lacks effective therapies.Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs),particularly human umbilical cord MSCs(hUCMSCs),off...BACKGROUND Steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head(SANFH)involves bone metabolism imbalance and lacks effective therapies.Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs),particularly human umbilical cord MSCs(hUCMSCs),offer promise due to their osteogenic and immunomodulatory potential.Sclerostin(SOST)inhibits bone formation,so we developed a multi-target gene silencing strategy against SOST using RNA interference.We created hUCMSCs with SOST-silenced(sh-hUCMSCs)and compared their therapeutic efficacy with unmodified hUCMSCs in SANFH mice.This study explores a novel approach to enhance osteogenesis and mitigate SANFH progression.AIM To assess the effects of sh-hUCMSCs on bone metabolism in SANFH.METHODS hUCMSCs were isolated from placental tissue and transfected with SOST-targeting short hairpin RNA plasmids.A SANFH mouse model was established through intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide(20μg/kg)followed by intramuscular methylprednisolone administration(40 mg/kg).Mice were randomized into four experimental groups(n=10/group):Sham control,SANFH(untreated),hUCMSCs-treated,and sh-hUCMSCs-treated.Micro-computed tomography was used to measure bone volume(BV),bone surface area,bone surface/BV ratio,tra-becular number,trabecular thickness,and trabecular separation.Quantification of adipocyte area by hematoxylin and eosin staining.Collagen fiber volume was assessed by Masson’s trichrome staining.Serum levels of osteopro-tegerin(OPG),receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B(RANK),RANK ligand(RANKL),tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase,and the OPG/RANKL ratio were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The expression levels of alkaline phosphatase,OPG,SOST,β-catenin,peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma,and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein in bone tissue were determined by western blot analysis.RESULTS hUCMSCs and sh-hUCMSCs exhibited typical fibroblast-like morphology and high expression of MSC surface markers(CD90,CD73,CD105>98%).These cells demonstrated tri-lineage differentiation potential,confirmed by positive Alizarin Red S,Oil Red O,and Alcian Blue staining,and upregulation of lineage-specific genes.After SOST-RNA interference modification,sh-hUCMSCs showed enhanced inhibition of adipogenesis and improved bone formation in a rat model of SANFH.Histological analysis revealed reduced lipid infiltration and empty lacunae in the femoral head of the sh-hUCMSC group.Western blot showed decreased CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma expression(P<0.05).Masson staining and micro-computed tomography analysis confirmed significantly increased BV,trabecular number,trabecular thickness,and reduced trabecular separation in the sh-hUCMSC group compared to unmodified MSCs and SANFH groups(P<0.05).Serum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed higher OPG and lower RANK,RANKL,and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase levels in the sh-hUCMSCs group.Western blot further confirmed upregulated alkaline phosphatase,OPG,β-catenin,and downregulated SOST expression in sh-hUCMSCs compared to controls(P<0.05).These results suggest that SOST inhibition enhances the osteogenic potential and therapeutic efficacy of hUCMSCs in SANFH.CONCLUSION sh-hUCMSCs alleviate SANFH by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway,thereby promoting osteogenic differentiation and suppressing adipogenesis to restore bone metabolic balance.展开更多
Designing cathode possessing crystalline@amorphous core-shell structure with both active core and shell is a meaningful work for resolving the low specific capacity,unstable cycling performance and sluggish reaction ki...Designing cathode possessing crystalline@amorphous core-shell structure with both active core and shell is a meaningful work for resolving the low specific capacity,unstable cycling performance and sluggish reaction kinetics issues of rechargeable magnesium batteries(RMBs)by providing more active sites as well as releasing inner stress during cycling.Herein,WO_(3)@WO_(3-x)S_(x) owning crystalline@amorphous core-shell structure containing both active core and active shell is constructed successfully by introducing S into metastable WO3 structure under temperaturefield applying.In such structure,amorphous shell would provide continuous Mg^(2+)diffusion channels due to its isotropy property for most Mg^(2+)migrating rapidly to interface and then adsorb at ions reservoir formed by interfacial electricfield for increasing specific capacity.It also makes security for stable structure of WO_(3)@WO_(3-x)S_(x) by alleviating volume expansion of crystalline core WO_(3) during cycling to prolong cycling life.Additionally,“softer”ions S^(2-)would weaken interaction between hard acid Mg^(2+) and ionic lattice to enhance Mg^(2+)storage kinetics.Therefore,WO_(3)@WO_(3-x)S_(x) delivers the superior cycling performance(1000 cycles with 83.3%),rate capability(88.5 mAh g^(-1) at 1000 mA g^(-1))and specific capacity(about 150 mAh g^(-1) at 50 mA g^(-1)),which is near 2 times higher than that of WO3.It is believed that the crystalline@amorphous core-shell structure with both active core and shell designing via doping strategy is enlightening for the development of high-performance RMBs,and such design can be extended to other energy storage devices for better electrochemical performance.展开更多
针对在锯树工程测量中遇到的环境复杂,耗时费力且效率不高等测量问题,设计了一种改进的深度学习算法(You Only Look Once,YOLO)模型的智能锯树机器人系统。通过无线传感网络,构建了无线传感器锯树工程测量拓扑结构,实现锯树工程测量供...针对在锯树工程测量中遇到的环境复杂,耗时费力且效率不高等测量问题,设计了一种改进的深度学习算法(You Only Look Once,YOLO)模型的智能锯树机器人系统。通过无线传感网络,构建了无线传感器锯树工程测量拓扑结构,实现锯树工程测量供配电系统全方位数据监测;建立窄带物联网(Narrow Band Internet Of Things,NB-IOT)分布式结构,提出采用改进YOLOV5算法对障碍物识别,使用超声波传感器和实验室虚拟仪器集成环境(Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench,LabVIEW)以及摄像机完成机器人的自主越障仿真操作,大大提高智能锯树机器人通信能力和计算能力。实验结果表明,改进后的YOLOV5算法模型在经过50000次迭代后,其准确率较改进前增加了9个百分点,召回率较改进前增加了8个百分点,在近距离障碍物识别上,准确率可达97.15%,且距离越近,其障碍物识别效果和自主越障效果越好。展开更多
Defect engineering presents great promise in addressing lower specific capacity,sluggish diffusion kinetics and poor cycling life issues in energy storage devices.Herein,multidimensional(0D/2D/3D) structural defects a...Defect engineering presents great promise in addressing lower specific capacity,sluggish diffusion kinetics and poor cycling life issues in energy storage devices.Herein,multidimensional(0D/2D/3D) structural defects are constructed in WO_(3)/MoO_(2) simultaneously via competing for and sharing with O atoms during simple hydrothermal process.OD and 2D defects tailor local electron,activating more sites and generating built-in electric fields to yield ion reservoir,meanwhile,3D defect owning lower anisotropic property tailors Mg^(2+) diffusion channels to fully exploit Mg^(2+) adsorbed sites induced by OD and 2D defects,enhance the kinetics and maintain structural stability.Benefitted from synergistic effect of 0D/2D/3D structural defects,the designed WO_(3)/MoO_(2) shows the higher specific capacity(112.8 mA h g^(-1) at 50 mA g^(-1) with average attenuation rate per cycle of 0.068%),superior rate capability and excellent cycling stability(specific capacity retention of 80% after 1500 cycles at 1000 mA g^(-1)).This strategy provides design ideas of introducing multidimensional structural defects for tailoring local electron and microstructure to improve energy storage property.展开更多
Novel adsorbents with a simple preparation process and large capacity for removing highly toxic and nondegradable heavy metals from water have drawn the attention of researchers.Electrospun nanofiber membranes usually...Novel adsorbents with a simple preparation process and large capacity for removing highly toxic and nondegradable heavy metals from water have drawn the attention of researchers.Electrospun nanofiber membranes usually have the advantages of large specific surface areas and high porosity and allowing flexible control and easy functionalization.These membranes show remarkable application potential in the field of heavy metal wastewater treatment.In this paper,the electrospinning technologies,process types,and the structures and types of nanofibers that can be prepared are reviewed,and the relationships among process,structure and properties are discussed.On one hand,based on the different components of electrospun nanofibers,the use of organic,inorganic and organic−inorganic nanofiber membrane adsorbents in heavy metal wastewater treatment are introduced,and their advantages and future development are summarized and prospected.On the other hand,based on the microstructure and overall structure of the nanofiber membrane,the recent progresses of electrospun functional membranes for heavy metal removal are reviewed,and the advantages of different structures for applications are concluded.Overall,this study lays the foundation for future research aiming to provide more novel structured adsorbents.展开更多
Spinal cord injury(SCI)is recognised as a debilitating condition that often leads to considerable disability and functional limitations.Exosomes,which can be derived from various cell types including bone marrow mesen...Spinal cord injury(SCI)is recognised as a debilitating condition that often leads to considerable disability and functional limitations.Exosomes,which can be derived from various cell types including bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,adipose-derived stem cells,dental pulp stem cells,and macrophages,play a pivotal role in the post-SCI landscape.Collectively,it has been observed that these exosomes can modulate the immune response following SCI,regulate the inflammatory environment,inhibit secondary tissue damage,and support neuronal survival and axonal regrowth.However,it is noted that exosomes from different sources exhibit distinct characteristics.Therefore,it is deemed essential to gain a comprehensive understanding of the current knowledge and research directions regarding exosomes in SCI to foster the development of effective therapeutic interventions.In this bibliometric analysis,we conducted to search retrieve pertinent articles from the Web of Science Core Collection and identify pivotal publications,authors,institutions,countries,and keywords that have contributed significantly to the field.This bibliometric analysis offers a thorough examination of the present knowledge landscape and prevailing research trends pertaining to exosomes in the context of SCI.It acts as a valuable asset,catering not only to researchers but also to clinicians and policymakers engaged in research on SCI and therapeutic advancement.Ultimately,this knowledge mapping can advance our understanding of exosome biology and pave the way for innovative interventions to improve outcomes for individuals affected by SCI.展开更多
Synergetic energy-water-carbon pathways are key issues to be tackled under carbon-neutral target and high-quality development worldwide,especially in ecologically vulnerable regions(EVRs).In this study,to explore the ...Synergetic energy-water-carbon pathways are key issues to be tackled under carbon-neutral target and high-quality development worldwide,especially in ecologically vulnerable regions(EVRs).In this study,to explore the synergistic pathways in an EVR,a water-energy-carbon assessment(WECA)model was built,and the synergistic effects of water-energy-carbon were comprehensively and quantitatively analyzed under various scenarios of regional transition.Shaanxi Province was chosen as the representative EVR,and Lower challenge(LEC)and Greater challenge(GER)scenarios of zerocarbon transition were set considering the technological maturity and regional energy characteristics.The results showed that there were limited effects under the zero-carbon transition of the entire region on reducing water withdrawals and improving the water quality.In the LEC scenario,the energy demand and CO_(2) emissions of Shaanxi in 2060 will decrease by 70.9%and 99.4%,respectively,whereas the water withdrawal and freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity potential(FAETP)will only decrease by 8.9%and 1.6%,respectively.This could be attributed to the stronger demand for electricity in the energy demand sector caused by industrial transition measures.The GER scenario showed significant growth in water withdrawals(16.0%)and FAETP(36.0%)because of additional biomass demand.To promote the synergetic development of regional transition,EVRs should urgently promote zero-carbon technologies(especially solar and wind power technologies)between 2020 and 2060 and dry cooling technology for power generation before 2030.In particular,a cautious attitude toward the biomass energy with carbon capture and storage technology in EVRs is strongly recommended.展开更多
S-Doped biomorphic SnO_(2)was synthesized using biomass carbon as a template,where the biomorphic SnO_(2)adopts the morphology of the biomass.After the in situ growth of hexagonal or semi-hexagonal SnS_(2)on biomorphi...S-Doped biomorphic SnO_(2)was synthesized using biomass carbon as a template,where the biomorphic SnO_(2)adopts the morphology of the biomass.After the in situ growth of hexagonal or semi-hexagonal SnS_(2)on biomorphic SnO_(2),the structure of the bio-template was retained.This method is simple,ecofriendly,and cost-effective.The S-termination of SnS_(2)can effectively react with NO_(2)and thereby improve the gas sensing performance.As expected,the gas sensing performance significantly increased.The S-doped biomorphic SnO_(2)shows an excellent response to 100 ppm NO_(2)(∼57.38),a fast response time(∼1.60 s),and a low detection limit of as low as 10 ppb at room temperature(RT).The gas sensing performance exhibited strong dependence on the number of S–Sn–O chemical bonds.S–Sn–O chemical bonds can be regarded as bridges for electron transport.Chemical bonds reduced the interface state density and increased the carrier density,resulting in more chemisorbed oxygen and led to more NO_(2)reacting with the S-BCS-600 sensor at RT.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82260944the Key Research and Development Programs of Guangxi,No.2021AB09011。
文摘BACKGROUND Steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head(SANFH)involves bone metabolism imbalance and lacks effective therapies.Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs),particularly human umbilical cord MSCs(hUCMSCs),offer promise due to their osteogenic and immunomodulatory potential.Sclerostin(SOST)inhibits bone formation,so we developed a multi-target gene silencing strategy against SOST using RNA interference.We created hUCMSCs with SOST-silenced(sh-hUCMSCs)and compared their therapeutic efficacy with unmodified hUCMSCs in SANFH mice.This study explores a novel approach to enhance osteogenesis and mitigate SANFH progression.AIM To assess the effects of sh-hUCMSCs on bone metabolism in SANFH.METHODS hUCMSCs were isolated from placental tissue and transfected with SOST-targeting short hairpin RNA plasmids.A SANFH mouse model was established through intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide(20μg/kg)followed by intramuscular methylprednisolone administration(40 mg/kg).Mice were randomized into four experimental groups(n=10/group):Sham control,SANFH(untreated),hUCMSCs-treated,and sh-hUCMSCs-treated.Micro-computed tomography was used to measure bone volume(BV),bone surface area,bone surface/BV ratio,tra-becular number,trabecular thickness,and trabecular separation.Quantification of adipocyte area by hematoxylin and eosin staining.Collagen fiber volume was assessed by Masson’s trichrome staining.Serum levels of osteopro-tegerin(OPG),receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B(RANK),RANK ligand(RANKL),tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase,and the OPG/RANKL ratio were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The expression levels of alkaline phosphatase,OPG,SOST,β-catenin,peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma,and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein in bone tissue were determined by western blot analysis.RESULTS hUCMSCs and sh-hUCMSCs exhibited typical fibroblast-like morphology and high expression of MSC surface markers(CD90,CD73,CD105>98%).These cells demonstrated tri-lineage differentiation potential,confirmed by positive Alizarin Red S,Oil Red O,and Alcian Blue staining,and upregulation of lineage-specific genes.After SOST-RNA interference modification,sh-hUCMSCs showed enhanced inhibition of adipogenesis and improved bone formation in a rat model of SANFH.Histological analysis revealed reduced lipid infiltration and empty lacunae in the femoral head of the sh-hUCMSC group.Western blot showed decreased CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma expression(P<0.05).Masson staining and micro-computed tomography analysis confirmed significantly increased BV,trabecular number,trabecular thickness,and reduced trabecular separation in the sh-hUCMSC group compared to unmodified MSCs and SANFH groups(P<0.05).Serum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed higher OPG and lower RANK,RANKL,and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase levels in the sh-hUCMSCs group.Western blot further confirmed upregulated alkaline phosphatase,OPG,β-catenin,and downregulated SOST expression in sh-hUCMSCs compared to controls(P<0.05).These results suggest that SOST inhibition enhances the osteogenic potential and therapeutic efficacy of hUCMSCs in SANFH.CONCLUSION sh-hUCMSCs alleviate SANFH by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway,thereby promoting osteogenic differentiation and suppressing adipogenesis to restore bone metabolic balance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.52072196,52002200,52102106,52202262,22379081,22379080,Major Basic Research Program of Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province under Grant No.ZR2020ZD09the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province under Grant No.ZR2020QE063,ZR202108180009,ZR2023QE059the Postdoctoral Program in Qingdao under No.QDBSH20220202019.
文摘Designing cathode possessing crystalline@amorphous core-shell structure with both active core and shell is a meaningful work for resolving the low specific capacity,unstable cycling performance and sluggish reaction kinetics issues of rechargeable magnesium batteries(RMBs)by providing more active sites as well as releasing inner stress during cycling.Herein,WO_(3)@WO_(3-x)S_(x) owning crystalline@amorphous core-shell structure containing both active core and active shell is constructed successfully by introducing S into metastable WO3 structure under temperaturefield applying.In such structure,amorphous shell would provide continuous Mg^(2+)diffusion channels due to its isotropy property for most Mg^(2+)migrating rapidly to interface and then adsorb at ions reservoir formed by interfacial electricfield for increasing specific capacity.It also makes security for stable structure of WO_(3)@WO_(3-x)S_(x) by alleviating volume expansion of crystalline core WO_(3) during cycling to prolong cycling life.Additionally,“softer”ions S^(2-)would weaken interaction between hard acid Mg^(2+) and ionic lattice to enhance Mg^(2+)storage kinetics.Therefore,WO_(3)@WO_(3-x)S_(x) delivers the superior cycling performance(1000 cycles with 83.3%),rate capability(88.5 mAh g^(-1) at 1000 mA g^(-1))and specific capacity(about 150 mAh g^(-1) at 50 mA g^(-1)),which is near 2 times higher than that of WO3.It is believed that the crystalline@amorphous core-shell structure with both active core and shell designing via doping strategy is enlightening for the development of high-performance RMBs,and such design can be extended to other energy storage devices for better electrochemical performance.
文摘针对在锯树工程测量中遇到的环境复杂,耗时费力且效率不高等测量问题,设计了一种改进的深度学习算法(You Only Look Once,YOLO)模型的智能锯树机器人系统。通过无线传感网络,构建了无线传感器锯树工程测量拓扑结构,实现锯树工程测量供配电系统全方位数据监测;建立窄带物联网(Narrow Band Internet Of Things,NB-IOT)分布式结构,提出采用改进YOLOV5算法对障碍物识别,使用超声波传感器和实验室虚拟仪器集成环境(Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench,LabVIEW)以及摄像机完成机器人的自主越障仿真操作,大大提高智能锯树机器人通信能力和计算能力。实验结果表明,改进后的YOLOV5算法模型在经过50000次迭代后,其准确率较改进前增加了9个百分点,召回率较改进前增加了8个百分点,在近距离障碍物识别上,准确率可达97.15%,且距离越近,其障碍物识别效果和自主越障效果越好。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 52072196, 52002199, 52002200, 52102106Major Basic Research Program of Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province under Grant No. ZR2020ZD09+5 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province under Grant No. ZR2019BEM042, ZR2020QE063the Innovation and Technology Program of Shandong Province under Grant No. 2020KJA004the Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province under No. ts201511034Postdoctoral Program in Qingdao under No. QDBSH20220202019the innovation Capability Improvement Project of Small and Medium-sized Technological Enterprises in Shandong Province under No. 2021TSGC1156the Financial Support From the Qingdao West Coast New Area Science and Technology Project under No. 2020-104。
文摘Defect engineering presents great promise in addressing lower specific capacity,sluggish diffusion kinetics and poor cycling life issues in energy storage devices.Herein,multidimensional(0D/2D/3D) structural defects are constructed in WO_(3)/MoO_(2) simultaneously via competing for and sharing with O atoms during simple hydrothermal process.OD and 2D defects tailor local electron,activating more sites and generating built-in electric fields to yield ion reservoir,meanwhile,3D defect owning lower anisotropic property tailors Mg^(2+) diffusion channels to fully exploit Mg^(2+) adsorbed sites induced by OD and 2D defects,enhance the kinetics and maintain structural stability.Benefitted from synergistic effect of 0D/2D/3D structural defects,the designed WO_(3)/MoO_(2) shows the higher specific capacity(112.8 mA h g^(-1) at 50 mA g^(-1) with average attenuation rate per cycle of 0.068%),superior rate capability and excellent cycling stability(specific capacity retention of 80% after 1500 cycles at 1000 mA g^(-1)).This strategy provides design ideas of introducing multidimensional structural defects for tailoring local electron and microstructure to improve energy storage property.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(Grant No.20ZR1439000).
文摘Novel adsorbents with a simple preparation process and large capacity for removing highly toxic and nondegradable heavy metals from water have drawn the attention of researchers.Electrospun nanofiber membranes usually have the advantages of large specific surface areas and high porosity and allowing flexible control and easy functionalization.These membranes show remarkable application potential in the field of heavy metal wastewater treatment.In this paper,the electrospinning technologies,process types,and the structures and types of nanofibers that can be prepared are reviewed,and the relationships among process,structure and properties are discussed.On one hand,based on the different components of electrospun nanofibers,the use of organic,inorganic and organic−inorganic nanofiber membrane adsorbents in heavy metal wastewater treatment are introduced,and their advantages and future development are summarized and prospected.On the other hand,based on the microstructure and overall structure of the nanofiber membrane,the recent progresses of electrospun functional membranes for heavy metal removal are reviewed,and the advantages of different structures for applications are concluded.Overall,this study lays the foundation for future research aiming to provide more novel structured adsorbents.
基金Zhejiang Provincial Department of Health Project(Nos.2022KY1313,2022KY1288)Zhejiang Provincial Department of Science and Technology Project(Nos.Y202351225,Y202145976)+1 种基金Shaoxing Science and Technology Plan Project(No.2020A13011)Shaoxing University Undergraduate Research Program(No.2022LG014).
文摘Spinal cord injury(SCI)is recognised as a debilitating condition that often leads to considerable disability and functional limitations.Exosomes,which can be derived from various cell types including bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,adipose-derived stem cells,dental pulp stem cells,and macrophages,play a pivotal role in the post-SCI landscape.Collectively,it has been observed that these exosomes can modulate the immune response following SCI,regulate the inflammatory environment,inhibit secondary tissue damage,and support neuronal survival and axonal regrowth.However,it is noted that exosomes from different sources exhibit distinct characteristics.Therefore,it is deemed essential to gain a comprehensive understanding of the current knowledge and research directions regarding exosomes in SCI to foster the development of effective therapeutic interventions.In this bibliometric analysis,we conducted to search retrieve pertinent articles from the Web of Science Core Collection and identify pivotal publications,authors,institutions,countries,and keywords that have contributed significantly to the field.This bibliometric analysis offers a thorough examination of the present knowledge landscape and prevailing research trends pertaining to exosomes in the context of SCI.It acts as a valuable asset,catering not only to researchers but also to clinicians and policymakers engaged in research on SCI and therapeutic advancement.Ultimately,this knowledge mapping can advance our understanding of exosome biology and pave the way for innovative interventions to improve outcomes for individuals affected by SCI.
基金funded by the Department of Science and Technology of Zhejiang Province in China(“Pioneer”and“Bellwethers”R&D Projects,No.2022C03119)the Environmental Defense Fund(Nos.EDF-B-5282019 and 20220023).
文摘Synergetic energy-water-carbon pathways are key issues to be tackled under carbon-neutral target and high-quality development worldwide,especially in ecologically vulnerable regions(EVRs).In this study,to explore the synergistic pathways in an EVR,a water-energy-carbon assessment(WECA)model was built,and the synergistic effects of water-energy-carbon were comprehensively and quantitatively analyzed under various scenarios of regional transition.Shaanxi Province was chosen as the representative EVR,and Lower challenge(LEC)and Greater challenge(GER)scenarios of zerocarbon transition were set considering the technological maturity and regional energy characteristics.The results showed that there were limited effects under the zero-carbon transition of the entire region on reducing water withdrawals and improving the water quality.In the LEC scenario,the energy demand and CO_(2) emissions of Shaanxi in 2060 will decrease by 70.9%and 99.4%,respectively,whereas the water withdrawal and freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity potential(FAETP)will only decrease by 8.9%and 1.6%,respectively.This could be attributed to the stronger demand for electricity in the energy demand sector caused by industrial transition measures.The GER scenario showed significant growth in water withdrawals(16.0%)and FAETP(36.0%)because of additional biomass demand.To promote the synergetic development of regional transition,EVRs should urgently promote zero-carbon technologies(especially solar and wind power technologies)between 2020 and 2060 and dry cooling technology for power generation before 2030.In particular,a cautious attitude toward the biomass energy with carbon capture and storage technology in EVRs is strongly recommended.
基金supported by the Program for Innovative Research Team in Chinese Universities(IRT1237),the National Natural Science Foundation of China(2167010747 and 21671060)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province,(LH2019B030)+1 种基金the Applied Technology Research and Development Program Foreign Cooperation Project of Heilongjiang Province(WB15C101)The Program for Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry.
文摘S-Doped biomorphic SnO_(2)was synthesized using biomass carbon as a template,where the biomorphic SnO_(2)adopts the morphology of the biomass.After the in situ growth of hexagonal or semi-hexagonal SnS_(2)on biomorphic SnO_(2),the structure of the bio-template was retained.This method is simple,ecofriendly,and cost-effective.The S-termination of SnS_(2)can effectively react with NO_(2)and thereby improve the gas sensing performance.As expected,the gas sensing performance significantly increased.The S-doped biomorphic SnO_(2)shows an excellent response to 100 ppm NO_(2)(∼57.38),a fast response time(∼1.60 s),and a low detection limit of as low as 10 ppb at room temperature(RT).The gas sensing performance exhibited strong dependence on the number of S–Sn–O chemical bonds.S–Sn–O chemical bonds can be regarded as bridges for electron transport.Chemical bonds reduced the interface state density and increased the carrier density,resulting in more chemisorbed oxygen and led to more NO_(2)reacting with the S-BCS-600 sensor at RT.
