This study investigates the effects of honey concentration on the crystallinity,morphology,and thermal behavior of zein-based polymer systems,aiming to assess honey’s role as a natural plasticizer.Fourier transform i...This study investigates the effects of honey concentration on the crystallinity,morphology,and thermal behavior of zein-based polymer systems,aiming to assess honey’s role as a natural plasticizer.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)analysis confirmed the presence of strong intermolecular interactions and hydrogen bonding between zein and honey,indicating good miscibility.X-ray diffraction(XRD)patterns revealed a significant reduction in crystallinity with increasing honey concentration up to 25 wt.%,with the ZH5(75 wt.%zein-25 wt.%honey)sample exhibiting the smallest crystallite size(4.23 nm),suggesting enhanced amorphous character suitable for ionic mobility.Field emission scanning electron micrograph(FESEM)images of ZH5 displayed a homogeneous porousfiber-like morphology,while excess honey beyond 25 wt.%led to agglomeration and phase separation.Thermal analysis demonstrated improved thermal stability for ZH5,with a higher decomposition temperature and greater residual mass.Differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)results showed a single glass transition temperature(Tg)for ZH5 at 88.4℃,indicating good miscibility between honey and zein materials.These findings identify 25 wt.%honey as the optimal concentration for plasticization,modifying zein’s structure and enhancing its amorphous nature and thermal resilience.The results highlight the potential of honey as a sustainable and multifunctional plasticizer for the development of biodegradable and eco-friendly polymer electrolyte systems.展开更多
Pure, layered compounds of overlithiated Li1＋xNi0.8Co0.2O2（x = 0.05 and 0.1） were successfully prepared by a modified combustion method. XRD studies showed that cell parameters of the material decreased with increa...Pure, layered compounds of overlithiated Li1＋xNi0.8Co0.2O2（x = 0.05 and 0.1） were successfully prepared by a modified combustion method. XRD studies showed that cell parameters of the material decreased with increasing the lithium content. SEM revealed that the morphology of particles changed from rounded polyhedral-like crystallites to sharp-edged polyhedral crystals with more doped lithium. EDX showed that the stoichiometries of Ni and Co agrees with calculated synthesized values. Electrochemical studies revealed the overlithiated samples have improved capacities as well as cycling behavior. The sample with x = 0.05 shows the best performance with a specific capacity of 113.29 mA.h.g-1 and the best capacity retention of 92.2% over 10 cycles. XPS results showed that the binding energy of Li ls is decreased for the Li doped samples with the smallest value for the x = 0.05 sample, implying that Li＋ ions can be extracted more easily from Li1.05Ni0.8Co0.2O2 than the other stoichiometries accounting for the improved performance of the material. Considerations of core level XPS peaks for transition metals reveal the existence in several oxidation states. However, the percentage of the＋3 oxidation state of transition metals for the when x = 0.1 is the highest and the availability for charge transition from the ＋3 to＋4 state of the transition metal during deintercalation is more readily available.展开更多
基金supported by the Ministry of Higher Education(MoHE)of Malaysia through the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme(FRGS/1/2022/STG05/um/02/9).
文摘This study investigates the effects of honey concentration on the crystallinity,morphology,and thermal behavior of zein-based polymer systems,aiming to assess honey’s role as a natural plasticizer.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)analysis confirmed the presence of strong intermolecular interactions and hydrogen bonding between zein and honey,indicating good miscibility.X-ray diffraction(XRD)patterns revealed a significant reduction in crystallinity with increasing honey concentration up to 25 wt.%,with the ZH5(75 wt.%zein-25 wt.%honey)sample exhibiting the smallest crystallite size(4.23 nm),suggesting enhanced amorphous character suitable for ionic mobility.Field emission scanning electron micrograph(FESEM)images of ZH5 displayed a homogeneous porousfiber-like morphology,while excess honey beyond 25 wt.%led to agglomeration and phase separation.Thermal analysis demonstrated improved thermal stability for ZH5,with a higher decomposition temperature and greater residual mass.Differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)results showed a single glass transition temperature(Tg)for ZH5 at 88.4℃,indicating good miscibility between honey and zein materials.These findings identify 25 wt.%honey as the optimal concentration for plasticization,modifying zein’s structure and enhancing its amorphous nature and thermal resilience.The results highlight the potential of honey as a sustainable and multifunctional plasticizer for the development of biodegradable and eco-friendly polymer electrolyte systems.
文摘Pure, layered compounds of overlithiated Li1＋xNi0.8Co0.2O2（x = 0.05 and 0.1） were successfully prepared by a modified combustion method. XRD studies showed that cell parameters of the material decreased with increasing the lithium content. SEM revealed that the morphology of particles changed from rounded polyhedral-like crystallites to sharp-edged polyhedral crystals with more doped lithium. EDX showed that the stoichiometries of Ni and Co agrees with calculated synthesized values. Electrochemical studies revealed the overlithiated samples have improved capacities as well as cycling behavior. The sample with x = 0.05 shows the best performance with a specific capacity of 113.29 mA.h.g-1 and the best capacity retention of 92.2% over 10 cycles. XPS results showed that the binding energy of Li ls is decreased for the Li doped samples with the smallest value for the x = 0.05 sample, implying that Li＋ ions can be extracted more easily from Li1.05Ni0.8Co0.2O2 than the other stoichiometries accounting for the improved performance of the material. Considerations of core level XPS peaks for transition metals reveal the existence in several oxidation states. However, the percentage of the＋3 oxidation state of transition metals for the when x = 0.1 is the highest and the availability for charge transition from the ＋3 to＋4 state of the transition metal during deintercalation is more readily available.
