As one of the most widely used personal protective equipment(PPE),body armors play an important role in protecting the human body from the high-velocity impact of bullets or projectiles.The body torso and critical org...As one of the most widely used personal protective equipment(PPE),body armors play an important role in protecting the human body from the high-velocity impact of bullets or projectiles.The body torso and critical organs of the wear may suffer severe behind-armor blunt trauma(BABT)even though the impactor is stopped by the body armor.A type of novel composite material through incorporating shear stiffening gel(STG)into ethylene-vinyl acetate(EVA)foam is developed and used as buffer layers to reduce BABT.In this paper,the protective performance of body armors composed of fabric bulletproof layers and a buffer layer made of foam material is investigated both experimentally and numerically.The effectiveness of STG-modified EVA in damage relief is verified by ballistic tests.In parallel with the experimental study,numerical simulations are conducted by LS-DYNA®to investigate the dynamic response of each component and capture the key mechanical parameters,which are hardly obtained from field tests.To fully describe the material behavior under the transient impact,the selected constitutive models take the failure and strain rate effect into consideration.A good agreement between the experimental observations and numerical results is achieved to prove the validity of the modelling method.The tests and simulations show that the impact-induced deformation on the human body is significantly reduced by using STG-modified EVA as the buffering material.The improvement of protective performance is attributed to better dynamic properties and more outstanding energy absorption capability of the composite foam.展开更多
Organoids are expected to function as effective human organ models for precision cancer studies and drug de-velopment.Currently,primary tissue-derived organoids,termed non-engineered organoids(NEOs),are produced by ma...Organoids are expected to function as effective human organ models for precision cancer studies and drug de-velopment.Currently,primary tissue-derived organoids,termed non-engineered organoids(NEOs),are produced by manual pipetting or liquid handling that compromises organoid-organoid homogeneity and organoid-tissue consistency.Droplet-based microfluidics enables automated organoid production with high organoid-organoid homogeneity,organoid-tissue consistency,and a significantly improved production spectrum.It takes advantage of droplet-encapsulation of defined populations of cells and droplet-rendered microstructures that guide cell self-organization.Herein,we studied the droplet-engineered organoids(DEOs),derived from mouse liver tissues and human liver tumors,by using transcriptional analysis and cellular deconvolution on bulk RNA-seq data.The characteristics of DEOs are compared with the parental liver tissues(or tumors)and NEOs.The DEOs are proven higher reproducibility and consistency with the parental tissues,have a high production spectrum and shortened modeling time,and possess inter-organoid homogeneity and inter-tumor cell heterogeneity.展开更多
Achieving high maturity and functionality in in vitro skeletal muscle models is essential for advancing our understanding of muscle biology,disease mechanisms,and drug discovery.However,current models struggle to full...Achieving high maturity and functionality in in vitro skeletal muscle models is essential for advancing our understanding of muscle biology,disease mechanisms,and drug discovery.However,current models struggle to fully recapitulate key features such as sarcomere structure,muscle fiber composition,and contractile function while also ensuring consistency and rapid production.Adult stem cells residing in muscle tissue are known for their powerful regenerative potential,yet tissue-derived skeletal muscle organoids have not been established.In this study,we introduce droplet-engineered skeletal muscle organoids derived from primary tissue using cascade-tubing microfluidics.These droplet-engineered organoids(DEOs)exhibit high maturity,including well-developed striated sarcomeres,spontaneous and stimulated contractions,and recapitulation of parental muscle fiber types.Notably,DEOs are produced in just 8 d without the need for primary cell culture—substantially accelerating the 50-to 60-d process required by classical organoid models.Additionally,the cascade-tubing microfluidics platform enables high-throughput production of hundreds of uniform DEO replicates from a small tissue sample,providing a scalable and reproducible solution for skeletal muscle research and drug screening.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12072356 and 12232020)the Science and Technology on Transient Impact Laboratory(Grant No.6142606221105)the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission(Grant No.Z221100005822006).
文摘As one of the most widely used personal protective equipment(PPE),body armors play an important role in protecting the human body from the high-velocity impact of bullets or projectiles.The body torso and critical organs of the wear may suffer severe behind-armor blunt trauma(BABT)even though the impactor is stopped by the body armor.A type of novel composite material through incorporating shear stiffening gel(STG)into ethylene-vinyl acetate(EVA)foam is developed and used as buffer layers to reduce BABT.In this paper,the protective performance of body armors composed of fabric bulletproof layers and a buffer layer made of foam material is investigated both experimentally and numerically.The effectiveness of STG-modified EVA in damage relief is verified by ballistic tests.In parallel with the experimental study,numerical simulations are conducted by LS-DYNA®to investigate the dynamic response of each component and capture the key mechanical parameters,which are hardly obtained from field tests.To fully describe the material behavior under the transient impact,the selected constitutive models take the failure and strain rate effect into consideration.A good agreement between the experimental observations and numerical results is achieved to prove the validity of the modelling method.The tests and simulations show that the impact-induced deformation on the human body is significantly reduced by using STG-modified EVA as the buffering material.The improvement of protective performance is attributed to better dynamic properties and more outstanding energy absorption capability of the composite foam.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61971255 and 82111530212)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2021B1515020092)+1 种基金the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission(RCYX20200714114736146,WDZC20200821141349001,KCXFZ20201221173207022,KCXFZ20200201101050887)the Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Fund(SZBL2020090501014).
文摘Organoids are expected to function as effective human organ models for precision cancer studies and drug de-velopment.Currently,primary tissue-derived organoids,termed non-engineered organoids(NEOs),are produced by manual pipetting or liquid handling that compromises organoid-organoid homogeneity and organoid-tissue consistency.Droplet-based microfluidics enables automated organoid production with high organoid-organoid homogeneity,organoid-tissue consistency,and a significantly improved production spectrum.It takes advantage of droplet-encapsulation of defined populations of cells and droplet-rendered microstructures that guide cell self-organization.Herein,we studied the droplet-engineered organoids(DEOs),derived from mouse liver tissues and human liver tumors,by using transcriptional analysis and cellular deconvolution on bulk RNA-seq data.The characteristics of DEOs are compared with the parental liver tissues(or tumors)and NEOs.The DEOs are proven higher reproducibility and consistency with the parental tissues,have a high production spectrum and shortened modeling time,and possess inter-organoid homogeneity and inter-tumor cell heterogeneity.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFA0919800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32371470 and 82341019)+2 种基金the Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province(2023B0909020003)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission(WDZC20231129232931001)the Cross-disciplinary Research and Innovation Fund of Tsinghua SIGS(No.JC2022007).
文摘Achieving high maturity and functionality in in vitro skeletal muscle models is essential for advancing our understanding of muscle biology,disease mechanisms,and drug discovery.However,current models struggle to fully recapitulate key features such as sarcomere structure,muscle fiber composition,and contractile function while also ensuring consistency and rapid production.Adult stem cells residing in muscle tissue are known for their powerful regenerative potential,yet tissue-derived skeletal muscle organoids have not been established.In this study,we introduce droplet-engineered skeletal muscle organoids derived from primary tissue using cascade-tubing microfluidics.These droplet-engineered organoids(DEOs)exhibit high maturity,including well-developed striated sarcomeres,spontaneous and stimulated contractions,and recapitulation of parental muscle fiber types.Notably,DEOs are produced in just 8 d without the need for primary cell culture—substantially accelerating the 50-to 60-d process required by classical organoid models.Additionally,the cascade-tubing microfluidics platform enables high-throughput production of hundreds of uniform DEO replicates from a small tissue sample,providing a scalable and reproducible solution for skeletal muscle research and drug screening.
