Soil inorganic carbon(SIC)is an important reservoir of carbon(C)in arid,semi-arid,and semi-humid regions.However,knowledge is incomplete on the dynamics of SIC and its relationship with soil organic C(SOC)under differ...Soil inorganic carbon(SIC)is an important reservoir of carbon(C)in arid,semi-arid,and semi-humid regions.However,knowledge is incomplete on the dynamics of SIC and its relationship with soil organic C(SOC)under different land use types in the semi-humid region,particularly in coastal zones impacted by soil salinization.We collected 170 soil samples from 34 profiles across various land use types(maize-wheat,cotton,paddy,and reed)in the middle-lower Yellow River Delta(YRD),China.We measured soil pH,electrical conductivity(EC),water-soluble salts,and SOC and SIC contents.Our results showed significant differences in both SOC and SIC among land use types.The dry cropland(maize-wheat and cotton)soils had significantly higher SOC and SIC densities(4.71 and 15.46 kg C m^(-2),respectively)than the paddy soils(3.28 and 14.09 kg C m^(-2),respectively)in the 0–100 cm layer.Compared with paddy soils,reed soils contained significantly higher SOC(4.68 kg C m^(-2))and similar SIC(15.02 kg C m^(-2))densities.There was a significant positive correlation between SOC and SIC densities over a 0–100 cm soil depth in dry cropland soils,but a negative relationship in the paddy soils.On average,SOC and SIC densities under maize-wheat cropping were 15%and 4%lower,respectively,in the salt-affected soils in the middle-lower YRD than the upper YRD.This study indicated that land use types had great influences on both SOC and SIC and their relationship,and salinization had adverse effect on soil C storage in the YRD.展开更多
An innovative,ternary nanocomposite composed of overoxidized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)(OPEDOT),gold nanoparticles(Au NPs),and electrochemically reduced graphene oxide(ERGO)was prepared on a glassy carbon electr...An innovative,ternary nanocomposite composed of overoxidized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)(OPEDOT),gold nanoparticles(Au NPs),and electrochemically reduced graphene oxide(ERGO)was prepared on a glassy carbon electrode(GCE)(OPEDOT-Au NPs-ERGO/GCE)through homogeneous chemical reactions and heterogeneous electrochemical methods.The morphology,composition,and structure of this nanocomposite were characterized by transmission electron microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.The electrochemical properties of the OPEDOT-Au NPs-ERGO/GCE were investigated by cyclic voltammetry using potassium ferricyanide and hexaammineruthenium(III)chloride redox probe systems.This modified electrode shows excellent electro-catalytic activity for dopamine(DA)and uric acid(UA)under physiological p H conditions,but inhibits the oxidation of ascorbic acid(AA).Linear voltammetric responses were obtained when DA concentrations of approximately 4.0-100μM and UA concentrations of approximately 20-100μM were used.The detection limits(S/N=3)for DA and UA were 1.0 and 5.0μM,respectively,under physiological conditions and in the presence of 1.0 m M of AA.This developed method was applied to the simultaneous detection of DA and UA in human urine,where satisfactory recoveries from 96.7%to 105.0%were observed.This work demonstrates that the developed OPEDOT-Au NPs-ERGO ternary nanocomposite,with its excellent ion-selectivity and electro-catalytic activity,is a promising candidate for the simultaneous detection of DA and UA in the presence of AA in physiological and pathological studies.展开更多
Despite advancements in interventional coronary reperfusion technologies following myocardial infarction,a notable portion of patients continue to experience elevated mortality rates as a result of myocardial ischemia...Despite advancements in interventional coronary reperfusion technologies following myocardial infarction,a notable portion of patients continue to experience elevated mortality rates as a result of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion(MI/R)injury.An in-depth understanding of the mechanisms underlying MI/R injury is crucial for devising strategies to minimize myocardial damage and enhance patient survival.Here,it is discovered that during MI/R,double-stranded DNA(dsDNA)-cyclic GMP-AMP synthase(cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes(STING)signal accumulates,accompanied by high rates of myocardial ferroptosis.The specific deletion of cgas or Sting in cardiomyocytes,resulting in the inhibition of oxidative stress,has been shown to mitigate ferroptosis and I/R injury.Conversely,activation of STING exacerbates ferroptosis and I/R injury.Mechanistically,STING directly targets glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4)to facilitate its degradation through autophagy,by promoting the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes.This STING-GPX4 axis contributes to cardiomyocyte ferroptosis and forms a positive feedback circuit.Blocking the STING-GPX4 interaction through mutations in T267 of STING or N146 of GPX4 stabilizes GPX4.Therapeutically,AAV-mediated GPX4 administration alleviates ferroptosis induced by STING,resulting in enhanced cardiac functional recovery from MI/R injury.Additionally,the inhibition of STING by H-151 stabilizes GPX4 to reverse GPX4-induced ferroptosis and alleviate MI/R injury.Collectively,a novel autophagy-dependent ferroptosis mechanism is identified in this study.Specifically,STING autophagy induced by anoxia or ischemia-reperfusion leads to GPX4 degradation,thereby presenting a promising therapeutic target for heart diseases associated with I/R.展开更多
To solve the difficulty in ditching for the deep fertilization in tea gardens caused by the high quantity of tea branches and stubbles,a new ditching device combined with a kind of rotary tillage and chisel shovel was...To solve the difficulty in ditching for the deep fertilization in tea gardens caused by the high quantity of tea branches and stubbles,a new ditching device combined with a kind of rotary tillage and chisel shovel was designed.The combined ditching device worked by the following steps:Firstly,the stubble,such as fallen leaves and weeds between the rows,was cleaned up and thrown away by the rotary tillage.Then,the chisel-shaped fertilizing shovel forcefully dug into the soil,realizing the deep fertilization groove.The parameters of the rotary tillage and stubble-throwing device and the chisel-shaped fertilizing shovel were optimized by single factor test and quadratic regression orthogonal rotation test,respectively.The optimization results showed that when the number of stubble-throwing blades of the rotary tillage and stubble-throwing device was five,and the blade installation inclination angle was 16°,the stubble removal rate was the highest at the high speed of the cutter(300 r/min),which was 91.64%.When the entry angle of the chisel-shaped fertilizing shovel was 30°,the entry clearance angle was 8°,and the operating speed was 0.7 m/s,the stability coefficient of the groove depth was 94.9%,which was the optimal parameter of the chisel-shaped fertilizing shovel.The field experiment showed that the average width of the ditching was 224 mm(between 202-248 mm),the average depth of the groove was 194.9 mm(between 173-218 mm),and the stability coefficient of the groove depth could reach 92.78%,realizing stable lateral deep fertilization in the tea garden.展开更多
Abnormal brain-gut interaction is considered the core pathological mechanism behind the disorders of gut-brain interaction(DGBI),in which the intestinal microbiota plays an important role.Microglia are the“sentinels...Abnormal brain-gut interaction is considered the core pathological mechanism behind the disorders of gut-brain interaction(DGBI),in which the intestinal microbiota plays an important role.Microglia are the“sentinels”of the central nervous system(CNS),which participate in tissue damage caused by traumatic brain injury,resist central infection and participate in neurogenesis,and are involved in the occurrence of various neurological diseases.With in-depth research on DGBI,we could find an interaction between the intestinal microbiota and microglia and that they are jointly involved in the occurrence of DGBI,especially in individuals with comorbidities of mental disorders,such as irritable bowel syndrome(IBS).This bidirectional regulation of microbiota and microglia provides a new direction for the treatment of DGBI.In this review,we focus on the role and underlying mechanism of the interaction between gut microbiota and microglia in DGBI,especially IBS,and the corresponding clinical application prospects and highlight its potential to treat DGBI in individuals with psychiatric comorbidities.展开更多
Static heterojunction-based electronic devices have been widely applied because carrier dynamic processes between semiconductors can be designed through band gap engineering.Herein,we demonstrate a tunable direct-curr...Static heterojunction-based electronic devices have been widely applied because carrier dynamic processes between semiconductors can be designed through band gap engineering.Herein,we demonstrate a tunable direct-current generator based on the dynamic heterojunction,whose mechanism is based on breaking the symmetry of drift and diffusion currents and rebounding hot carrier transport in dynamic heterojunctions.Furthermore,the output voltage can be delicately adjusted and enhanced with the interface energy level engineering of inserting dielectric layers.Under the ultrahigh interface electric field,hot electrons will still transfer across the interface through the tunneling and hopping effect.In particular,the intrinsic anisotropy of black phosphorus arising from the lattice structure produces extraordinary electronic,transport,and mechanical properties exploited in our dynamic heterojunction generator.Herein,the voltage of 6.1 V,current density of 124.0 A/m^(2),power density of 201.0 W/m^(2),and energy-conversion efficiency of 31.4%have been achieved based on the dynamic black phosphorus/AlN/Si heterojunction,which can be used to directly and synchronously light up light-emitting diodes.This direct-current generator has the potential to convert ubiquitous mechanical energy into electric energy and is a promising candidate for novel portable and miniaturized power sources in the in situ energy acquisition field.展开更多
There is a rising prospective in harvesting energy from the environment,as in situ energy is required for the distributed sensors in the interconnected information society,among which the water flow energy is the most...There is a rising prospective in harvesting energy from the environment,as in situ energy is required for the distributed sensors in the interconnected information society,among which the water flow energy is the most potential candidate as a clean and abundant mechanical source.However,for microscale and unordered movement of water,achieving a sustainable direct-current generating device with high output to drive the load element is still challenging,which requires for further exploration.Herein,we propose a dynamic PN water junction generator with moving water sandwiched between two semiconductors,which outputs a sustainable direct-current voltage of 0.3 V and a current of 0.64μA.The mechanism can be attributed to the dynamic polarization process of water as moving dielectric medium in the dynamic PN water junction,under the Fermi level difference of two semiconductors.We further demonstrate an encapsulated portable power-generating device with simple structure and continuous direct-current voltage output of 0.11 V,which exhibits its promising potential application in the field of wearable devices and the IoTs.展开更多
Searching for light and miniaturized functional device structures for sustainable energy gathering from the environment is the focus of energy society with the development of the internet of things.The proposal of a d...Searching for light and miniaturized functional device structures for sustainable energy gathering from the environment is the focus of energy society with the development of the internet of things.The proposal of a dynamic heterojunction-based direct current generator builds up new platforms for developing in situ energy.However,the requirement of different semiconductors in dynamic heterojunction is too complex to wide applications,generating energy loss for crystal structure mismatch.Herein,dynamic homojunction generators are explored,with the same semiconductor and majority carrier type.Systematic experiments reveal that the majority of carrier directional separation originates from the breaking symmetry between carrier distribution,leading to the rebounding effect of carriers by the interfacial electric field.Strikingly,NN Si homojunction with different Fermi levels can also output the electricity with higher current density than PP/PN homojunction,attributing to higher carrier mobility.The current density is as high as 214.0 A/m^(2),and internal impedance is as low as 3.6 kΩ,matching well with the impedance of electron components.Furthermore,the N-i-N structure is explored,whose output voltage can be further improved to 1.3V in the case of the N-Si/Al2O3/N-Si structure,attributing to the enhanced interfacial barrier.This approach provides a simple and feasible way of converting low-frequency disordered mechanical motion into electricity.展开更多
Recharging the batteries by wireless energy facilitates the long-term running of the batteries,which will save numerous works of battery maintenance and replacement.Thus,harvesting energy form radio frequency(RF)waves...Recharging the batteries by wireless energy facilitates the long-term running of the batteries,which will save numerous works of battery maintenance and replacement.Thus,harvesting energy form radio frequency(RF)waves has become the most promising solution for providing the micropower needed for wireless sensor applications,especially in a widely distributed 4G/5G wireless network.However,the current research on rectenna is mainly focused on the integrated antenna coupled with metal-insulator-metal tunneling diodes.Herein,by adopting the plasmon excitation of graphene and quantum tunneling process between graphene and GaAs or GaN,we demonstrated the feasibility of harvesting energy from the 915MHz wireless source belonging to 5G in the FR1 range(450MHz-6 GHz)which is also known as sub-6G.The generated current and voltage can be observed continuously,with the direction defined by the built-in field between graphene and GaAs and the incident electromagnetic waves treated as the quantum energy source.Under the RF illumination,the generated current increases rapidly and the value can reach in the order of 10^(-8)-10^(-7)A.The harvester can work under the multiple channel mode,harvesting energy simultaneously from different flows of wireless energy in the air.This research will open a new avenue for wireless harvesting by using the ultrafast process of quantum tunneling and unique physical properties of graphene.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41877028 and 41205104)a UK-China Virtual Joint Centre on Nitrogen,funded by the Newton Fund via Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council(BBSRC)(No.BB/N013484/1)。
文摘Soil inorganic carbon(SIC)is an important reservoir of carbon(C)in arid,semi-arid,and semi-humid regions.However,knowledge is incomplete on the dynamics of SIC and its relationship with soil organic C(SOC)under different land use types in the semi-humid region,particularly in coastal zones impacted by soil salinization.We collected 170 soil samples from 34 profiles across various land use types(maize-wheat,cotton,paddy,and reed)in the middle-lower Yellow River Delta(YRD),China.We measured soil pH,electrical conductivity(EC),water-soluble salts,and SOC and SIC contents.Our results showed significant differences in both SOC and SIC among land use types.The dry cropland(maize-wheat and cotton)soils had significantly higher SOC and SIC densities(4.71 and 15.46 kg C m^(-2),respectively)than the paddy soils(3.28 and 14.09 kg C m^(-2),respectively)in the 0–100 cm layer.Compared with paddy soils,reed soils contained significantly higher SOC(4.68 kg C m^(-2))and similar SIC(15.02 kg C m^(-2))densities.There was a significant positive correlation between SOC and SIC densities over a 0–100 cm soil depth in dry cropland soils,but a negative relationship in the paddy soils.On average,SOC and SIC densities under maize-wheat cropping were 15%and 4%lower,respectively,in the salt-affected soils in the middle-lower YRD than the upper YRD.This study indicated that land use types had great influences on both SOC and SIC and their relationship,and salinization had adverse effect on soil C storage in the YRD.
基金Financial supports from the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province,China(Grant No.:2020JM-652)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Xi’an Jiaotong University(Grant No.:xzy012020054)Cultivation Project of Xi’an Health Committee(Grant No.:2020MS02)。
文摘An innovative,ternary nanocomposite composed of overoxidized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)(OPEDOT),gold nanoparticles(Au NPs),and electrochemically reduced graphene oxide(ERGO)was prepared on a glassy carbon electrode(GCE)(OPEDOT-Au NPs-ERGO/GCE)through homogeneous chemical reactions and heterogeneous electrochemical methods.The morphology,composition,and structure of this nanocomposite were characterized by transmission electron microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.The electrochemical properties of the OPEDOT-Au NPs-ERGO/GCE were investigated by cyclic voltammetry using potassium ferricyanide and hexaammineruthenium(III)chloride redox probe systems.This modified electrode shows excellent electro-catalytic activity for dopamine(DA)and uric acid(UA)under physiological p H conditions,but inhibits the oxidation of ascorbic acid(AA).Linear voltammetric responses were obtained when DA concentrations of approximately 4.0-100μM and UA concentrations of approximately 20-100μM were used.The detection limits(S/N=3)for DA and UA were 1.0 and 5.0μM,respectively,under physiological conditions and in the presence of 1.0 m M of AA.This developed method was applied to the simultaneous detection of DA and UA in human urine,where satisfactory recoveries from 96.7%to 105.0%were observed.This work demonstrates that the developed OPEDOT-Au NPs-ERGO ternary nanocomposite,with its excellent ion-selectivity and electro-catalytic activity,is a promising candidate for the simultaneous detection of DA and UA in the presence of AA in physiological and pathological studies.
基金supported by grants of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82270487,82241203,82200502,84270277,82200507)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFA1307002,2021YFF0501403)+4 种基金the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2023JQ030,2021ZDSYS05,2024CXPT080,ZR2024ZD09,ZR2002QH089)the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities(BP0719033)Non-profit Central Research Institute Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(2023-PT320-06)the Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province(Zhang M,Zhang C and Zhang J)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2023QNTD003 to M.Z.).
文摘Despite advancements in interventional coronary reperfusion technologies following myocardial infarction,a notable portion of patients continue to experience elevated mortality rates as a result of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion(MI/R)injury.An in-depth understanding of the mechanisms underlying MI/R injury is crucial for devising strategies to minimize myocardial damage and enhance patient survival.Here,it is discovered that during MI/R,double-stranded DNA(dsDNA)-cyclic GMP-AMP synthase(cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes(STING)signal accumulates,accompanied by high rates of myocardial ferroptosis.The specific deletion of cgas or Sting in cardiomyocytes,resulting in the inhibition of oxidative stress,has been shown to mitigate ferroptosis and I/R injury.Conversely,activation of STING exacerbates ferroptosis and I/R injury.Mechanistically,STING directly targets glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4)to facilitate its degradation through autophagy,by promoting the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes.This STING-GPX4 axis contributes to cardiomyocyte ferroptosis and forms a positive feedback circuit.Blocking the STING-GPX4 interaction through mutations in T267 of STING or N146 of GPX4 stabilizes GPX4.Therapeutically,AAV-mediated GPX4 administration alleviates ferroptosis induced by STING,resulting in enhanced cardiac functional recovery from MI/R injury.Additionally,the inhibition of STING by H-151 stabilizes GPX4 to reverse GPX4-induced ferroptosis and alleviate MI/R injury.Collectively,a novel autophagy-dependent ferroptosis mechanism is identified in this study.Specifically,STING autophagy induced by anoxia or ischemia-reperfusion leads to GPX4 degradation,thereby presenting a promising therapeutic target for heart diseases associated with I/R.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52175233).
文摘To solve the difficulty in ditching for the deep fertilization in tea gardens caused by the high quantity of tea branches and stubbles,a new ditching device combined with a kind of rotary tillage and chisel shovel was designed.The combined ditching device worked by the following steps:Firstly,the stubble,such as fallen leaves and weeds between the rows,was cleaned up and thrown away by the rotary tillage.Then,the chisel-shaped fertilizing shovel forcefully dug into the soil,realizing the deep fertilization groove.The parameters of the rotary tillage and stubble-throwing device and the chisel-shaped fertilizing shovel were optimized by single factor test and quadratic regression orthogonal rotation test,respectively.The optimization results showed that when the number of stubble-throwing blades of the rotary tillage and stubble-throwing device was five,and the blade installation inclination angle was 16°,the stubble removal rate was the highest at the high speed of the cutter(300 r/min),which was 91.64%.When the entry angle of the chisel-shaped fertilizing shovel was 30°,the entry clearance angle was 8°,and the operating speed was 0.7 m/s,the stability coefficient of the groove depth was 94.9%,which was the optimal parameter of the chisel-shaped fertilizing shovel.The field experiment showed that the average width of the ditching was 224 mm(between 202-248 mm),the average depth of the groove was 194.9 mm(between 173-218 mm),and the stability coefficient of the groove depth could reach 92.78%,realizing stable lateral deep fertilization in the tea garden.
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFA1301300,2019YFA0905600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82170557,81670491,82000510).
文摘Abnormal brain-gut interaction is considered the core pathological mechanism behind the disorders of gut-brain interaction(DGBI),in which the intestinal microbiota plays an important role.Microglia are the“sentinels”of the central nervous system(CNS),which participate in tissue damage caused by traumatic brain injury,resist central infection and participate in neurogenesis,and are involved in the occurrence of various neurological diseases.With in-depth research on DGBI,we could find an interaction between the intestinal microbiota and microglia and that they are jointly involved in the occurrence of DGBI,especially in individuals with comorbidities of mental disorders,such as irritable bowel syndrome(IBS).This bidirectional regulation of microbiota and microglia provides a new direction for the treatment of DGBI.In this review,we focus on the role and underlying mechanism of the interaction between gut microbiota and microglia in DGBI,especially IBS,and the corresponding clinical application prospects and highlight its potential to treat DGBI in individuals with psychiatric comorbidities.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51202216,51502264,and 61774135)the Special Foundation of Young Professor of Zhejiang University(Grant No.2013QNA5007).
文摘Static heterojunction-based electronic devices have been widely applied because carrier dynamic processes between semiconductors can be designed through band gap engineering.Herein,we demonstrate a tunable direct-current generator based on the dynamic heterojunction,whose mechanism is based on breaking the symmetry of drift and diffusion currents and rebounding hot carrier transport in dynamic heterojunctions.Furthermore,the output voltage can be delicately adjusted and enhanced with the interface energy level engineering of inserting dielectric layers.Under the ultrahigh interface electric field,hot electrons will still transfer across the interface through the tunneling and hopping effect.In particular,the intrinsic anisotropy of black phosphorus arising from the lattice structure produces extraordinary electronic,transport,and mechanical properties exploited in our dynamic heterojunction generator.Herein,the voltage of 6.1 V,current density of 124.0 A/m^(2),power density of 201.0 W/m^(2),and energy-conversion efficiency of 31.4%have been achieved based on the dynamic black phosphorus/AlN/Si heterojunction,which can be used to directly and synchronously light up light-emitting diodes.This direct-current generator has the potential to convert ubiquitous mechanical energy into electric energy and is a promising candidate for novel portable and miniaturized power sources in the in situ energy acquisition field.
基金S.S.Lin thanks the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51202216,51502264,61774135)K.H.Liu thanks the support from the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(JQ19004)+4 种基金Beijing Excellent Talents Training Support(2017000026833ZK11)Bureau of Industry and Information Technology of Shenzhen(No.201901161512)Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(Grant Nos.2019B010931001,2020B010189001)Project funded by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2019M660001)Postdoctoral Innovative Personnel Support Program(BX20180013).
文摘There is a rising prospective in harvesting energy from the environment,as in situ energy is required for the distributed sensors in the interconnected information society,among which the water flow energy is the most potential candidate as a clean and abundant mechanical source.However,for microscale and unordered movement of water,achieving a sustainable direct-current generating device with high output to drive the load element is still challenging,which requires for further exploration.Herein,we propose a dynamic PN water junction generator with moving water sandwiched between two semiconductors,which outputs a sustainable direct-current voltage of 0.3 V and a current of 0.64μA.The mechanism can be attributed to the dynamic polarization process of water as moving dielectric medium in the dynamic PN water junction,under the Fermi level difference of two semiconductors.We further demonstrate an encapsulated portable power-generating device with simple structure and continuous direct-current voltage output of 0.11 V,which exhibits its promising potential application in the field of wearable devices and the IoTs.
基金This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51202216,51502264,and 61774135)Special Foundation of Young Professor of Zhejiang University(No.2013QNA5007)Y.Wen thanks the support from the Science and Technology Project of Jiangsu Province Special Equipment Safety Supervision and Inspection Institute(KJY2017016).
文摘Searching for light and miniaturized functional device structures for sustainable energy gathering from the environment is the focus of energy society with the development of the internet of things.The proposal of a dynamic heterojunction-based direct current generator builds up new platforms for developing in situ energy.However,the requirement of different semiconductors in dynamic heterojunction is too complex to wide applications,generating energy loss for crystal structure mismatch.Herein,dynamic homojunction generators are explored,with the same semiconductor and majority carrier type.Systematic experiments reveal that the majority of carrier directional separation originates from the breaking symmetry between carrier distribution,leading to the rebounding effect of carriers by the interfacial electric field.Strikingly,NN Si homojunction with different Fermi levels can also output the electricity with higher current density than PP/PN homojunction,attributing to higher carrier mobility.The current density is as high as 214.0 A/m^(2),and internal impedance is as low as 3.6 kΩ,matching well with the impedance of electron components.Furthermore,the N-i-N structure is explored,whose output voltage can be further improved to 1.3V in the case of the N-Si/Al2O3/N-Si structure,attributing to the enhanced interfacial barrier.This approach provides a simple and feasible way of converting low-frequency disordered mechanical motion into electricity.
基金The authors thank the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51202216,51502264,and 61774135)the Special Foundation of Young Professor of Zhejiang University(Grant No.2013QNA5007).
文摘Recharging the batteries by wireless energy facilitates the long-term running of the batteries,which will save numerous works of battery maintenance and replacement.Thus,harvesting energy form radio frequency(RF)waves has become the most promising solution for providing the micropower needed for wireless sensor applications,especially in a widely distributed 4G/5G wireless network.However,the current research on rectenna is mainly focused on the integrated antenna coupled with metal-insulator-metal tunneling diodes.Herein,by adopting the plasmon excitation of graphene and quantum tunneling process between graphene and GaAs or GaN,we demonstrated the feasibility of harvesting energy from the 915MHz wireless source belonging to 5G in the FR1 range(450MHz-6 GHz)which is also known as sub-6G.The generated current and voltage can be observed continuously,with the direction defined by the built-in field between graphene and GaAs and the incident electromagnetic waves treated as the quantum energy source.Under the RF illumination,the generated current increases rapidly and the value can reach in the order of 10^(-8)-10^(-7)A.The harvester can work under the multiple channel mode,harvesting energy simultaneously from different flows of wireless energy in the air.This research will open a new avenue for wireless harvesting by using the ultrafast process of quantum tunneling and unique physical properties of graphene.
