Handheld ultrasound devices are known for their portability and affordability,making them widely utilized in underdeveloped areas and community healthcare for rapid diagnosis and early screening.However,the image qual...Handheld ultrasound devices are known for their portability and affordability,making them widely utilized in underdeveloped areas and community healthcare for rapid diagnosis and early screening.However,the image quality of handheld ultrasound devices is not always satisfactory due to the limited equipment size,which hinders accurate diagnoses by doctors.At the same time,paired ultrasound images are difficult to obtain from the clinic because imaging process is complicated.Therefore,we propose a modified cycle generative adversarial network(cycleGAN) for ultrasound image enhancement from multiple organs via unpaired pre-training.We introduce an ultrasound image pre-training method that does not require paired images,alleviating the requirement for large-scale paired datasets.We also propose an enhanced block with different structures in the pre-training and fine-tuning phases,which can help achieve the goals of different training phases.To improve the robustness of the model,we add Gaussian noise to the training images as data augmentation.Our approach is effective in obtaining the best quantitative evaluation results using a small number of parameters and less training costs to improve the quality of handheld ultrasound devices.展开更多
Detoxification plays a crucial role in agricultural pests to withstand pesticides,and cytochrome P450s,carboxyl/choline esterases(CCEs),and glutathione-S-transferases are the main proteins responsible for their detoxi...Detoxification plays a crucial role in agricultural pests to withstand pesticides,and cytochrome P450s,carboxyl/choline esterases(CCEs),and glutathione-S-transferases are the main proteins responsible for their detoxification ability.The activity of CCEs can be upregulated,downregulated,or modified by mutation.However,few studies have examined the role of alternative splicing in altering the properties of CCEs.We identified 2 variants of TcCCE23 in Tetranychus cinnabarinus:a long version(CCE23-V1)and a short version that is 18 nucleotides shorter than CCE23-V1(CCE23-V2).Whether splicing affects the activity of TcCCE23 remains unclear.Overexpression of CCE23-V2 in fenpropathrin-resistant T.cinnabarinus revealed that splicing affected the detoxification of fenpropathrin by CCE23-V2.The mortality of mites was significantly higher when the expression of CCE23-V2 was knocked down(43.2%±3.3%)via injection of CCE23-dsRNA(double-stranded RNA)compared with the control group injected with green fluorescent protein-dsRNA under fenpropathrin exposure;however,the downregulation of CCE23-V1(61.3%±6.3%)by CCE23-small interfering RNA had no such effect,indicating CCE23-V2 plays a greater role in xenobiotic metabolism than CCE23-V1.The tolerance of flies overexpressing CCE23-V2 to fenpropathrin(50%lethal dose[LD_(50)]=19.47μg/g)was significantly higher than that of Gal4/UAS-CCE23-V1 transgenic flies(LD_(50)=13.11μg/g).Molecular docking analysis showed that splicing opened a“gate”that enlarges the substrate binding cavity of CCE23-V2,might enhance the ability of CCE23-V2 to harbor fenpropathrin molecules.These findings suggest that splicing might enhance the detoxifying capability of TcCCE23.Generally,our data improve the understanding of the diversity and complexity of the mechanisms underlying the regulation of CCEs.展开更多
Acousto-optic interactions, employed in the ultrafast laser regulation,possess remarkable advantages for fast tuning performance in a wide spectral range. Here, we propose an ultrafast fiber laser whose wideband tunab...Acousto-optic interactions, employed in the ultrafast laser regulation,possess remarkable advantages for fast tuning performance in a wide spectral range. Here, we propose an ultrafast fiber laser whose wideband tunability is provided by an acousto-optic structure fabricated with an etched single-mode fiber. Because of the laser polarization conversion induced by the coupling between the core and cladding vector modes in the etched fiber,a band-pass characteristic of the acousto-optic interaction is achieved to effectively regulate the inner-cavity gain range. Cooperating with a saturable absorber based on single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with polarization robustness,a soliton operating state is achieved in the tunable erbium-doped fiber laser.By controlling the acoustical wave frequency from 1.039 to 1.069 MHz, this soliton laser can be conveniently tuned in a wide spectral range from 1571.52 to 1539.26nm.Meanwhile, the laser pulses have near-transform-limited durations stably maintaining less than 2 ps at different wavelength channels,owing to the broadband nonlinear absorption of SWCNTs.展开更多
Summary What is already known about this topic?The prevalence of rodent-adapted Bartonella species has been increasing significantly.However,the specific Bartonella species carried by Marmota himalayana(M.himalayana),...Summary What is already known about this topic?The prevalence of rodent-adapted Bartonella species has been increasing significantly.However,the specific Bartonella species carried by Marmota himalayana(M.himalayana),a large rodent species,and the potential risk it poses to human populations remain unknown.What is added by this report?Bartonella washoensis(B.washoensis),associated with human endocarditis,was initially identified in M.himalayana,exhibiting a detection rate of approximately one-third and demonstrating a predilection for the heart and lungs.The discovery of the novel Sequence Type 22 has expanded both the isolation source and genetic lineage of B.washoensis.What are the implications for public health practice?Individuals residing within the M.himalayana plague focus are at an elevated risk for B.washoensis infection.Consequently,there is a pressing need for public health warnings and efficient clinical case identification in this population.展开更多
文摘Handheld ultrasound devices are known for their portability and affordability,making them widely utilized in underdeveloped areas and community healthcare for rapid diagnosis and early screening.However,the image quality of handheld ultrasound devices is not always satisfactory due to the limited equipment size,which hinders accurate diagnoses by doctors.At the same time,paired ultrasound images are difficult to obtain from the clinic because imaging process is complicated.Therefore,we propose a modified cycle generative adversarial network(cycleGAN) for ultrasound image enhancement from multiple organs via unpaired pre-training.We introduce an ultrasound image pre-training method that does not require paired images,alleviating the requirement for large-scale paired datasets.We also propose an enhanced block with different structures in the pre-training and fine-tuning phases,which can help achieve the goals of different training phases.To improve the robustness of the model,we add Gaussian noise to the training images as data augmentation.Our approach is effective in obtaining the best quantitative evaluation results using a small number of parameters and less training costs to improve the quality of handheld ultrasound devices.
基金supported in part by the National Nature Sciences Foundation(32001935 and 31972297)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(SWU-KR22005).
文摘Detoxification plays a crucial role in agricultural pests to withstand pesticides,and cytochrome P450s,carboxyl/choline esterases(CCEs),and glutathione-S-transferases are the main proteins responsible for their detoxification ability.The activity of CCEs can be upregulated,downregulated,or modified by mutation.However,few studies have examined the role of alternative splicing in altering the properties of CCEs.We identified 2 variants of TcCCE23 in Tetranychus cinnabarinus:a long version(CCE23-V1)and a short version that is 18 nucleotides shorter than CCE23-V1(CCE23-V2).Whether splicing affects the activity of TcCCE23 remains unclear.Overexpression of CCE23-V2 in fenpropathrin-resistant T.cinnabarinus revealed that splicing affected the detoxification of fenpropathrin by CCE23-V2.The mortality of mites was significantly higher when the expression of CCE23-V2 was knocked down(43.2%±3.3%)via injection of CCE23-dsRNA(double-stranded RNA)compared with the control group injected with green fluorescent protein-dsRNA under fenpropathrin exposure;however,the downregulation of CCE23-V1(61.3%±6.3%)by CCE23-small interfering RNA had no such effect,indicating CCE23-V2 plays a greater role in xenobiotic metabolism than CCE23-V1.The tolerance of flies overexpressing CCE23-V2 to fenpropathrin(50%lethal dose[LD_(50)]=19.47μg/g)was significantly higher than that of Gal4/UAS-CCE23-V1 transgenic flies(LD_(50)=13.11μg/g).Molecular docking analysis showed that splicing opened a“gate”that enlarges the substrate binding cavity of CCE23-V2,might enhance the ability of CCE23-V2 to harbor fenpropathrin molecules.These findings suggest that splicing might enhance the detoxifying capability of TcCCE23.Generally,our data improve the understanding of the diversity and complexity of the mechanisms underlying the regulation of CCEs.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(61635004,61705023,61705024)Key Research and Development Project of Ministry of Science and Technology(2016YFC0801200)+4 种基金Chongqing Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(CQBX201703)Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Chongqing(Xm2017047)Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(cstc2018jcyjAX0644)Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory(6142A0403050817)National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(61825501)
文摘Acousto-optic interactions, employed in the ultrafast laser regulation,possess remarkable advantages for fast tuning performance in a wide spectral range. Here, we propose an ultrafast fiber laser whose wideband tunability is provided by an acousto-optic structure fabricated with an etched single-mode fiber. Because of the laser polarization conversion induced by the coupling between the core and cladding vector modes in the etched fiber,a band-pass characteristic of the acousto-optic interaction is achieved to effectively regulate the inner-cavity gain range. Cooperating with a saturable absorber based on single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with polarization robustness,a soliton operating state is achieved in the tunable erbium-doped fiber laser.By controlling the acoustical wave frequency from 1.039 to 1.069 MHz, this soliton laser can be conveniently tuned in a wide spectral range from 1571.52 to 1539.26nm.Meanwhile, the laser pulses have near-transform-limited durations stably maintaining less than 2 ps at different wavelength channels,owing to the broadband nonlinear absorption of SWCNTs.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2602203).
文摘Summary What is already known about this topic?The prevalence of rodent-adapted Bartonella species has been increasing significantly.However,the specific Bartonella species carried by Marmota himalayana(M.himalayana),a large rodent species,and the potential risk it poses to human populations remain unknown.What is added by this report?Bartonella washoensis(B.washoensis),associated with human endocarditis,was initially identified in M.himalayana,exhibiting a detection rate of approximately one-third and demonstrating a predilection for the heart and lungs.The discovery of the novel Sequence Type 22 has expanded both the isolation source and genetic lineage of B.washoensis.What are the implications for public health practice?Individuals residing within the M.himalayana plague focus are at an elevated risk for B.washoensis infection.Consequently,there is a pressing need for public health warnings and efficient clinical case identification in this population.
