Grain size,which encompasses length,width,and thickness,is a critical agricultural trait that influences both grain yield and quality in rice.Although numerous grain size regulators have been identified,the molecular ...Grain size,which encompasses length,width,and thickness,is a critical agricultural trait that influences both grain yield and quality in rice.Although numerous grain size regulators have been identified,the molecular mechanisms governing grain size and the lignin content remain largely elusive.In this study,we clone and characterize GRAIN LENGTH AND GRAIN WIDTH 10(GLGW10),a regulator of grain size in rice.Loss-of-function mutations in GLGW10 result in reduced grain size.GLGW10 encodes an evolutionarily conserved protein,the function of which has not been previously characterized in higher plants.Biochemical assays reveal that GLGW10 may interact with the transcription factor OsMYB108,which acts as a negative regulator of the lignin content.Knockout of OsMYB108 leads to longer and slender grain size,accompanied by increased lignin content,indicating that OsMYB108 negatively regulates both grain size and lignin content.Analysis of natural variations and haplotypes in GLGW10 reveals an association with grain size,suggesting an artificial selection on GLGW10 during rice domestication.In summary,our findings identify regulators of grain size and elucidate potential mechanisms linking grain size and lignin metabolism in rice,thereby providing essential insights for improving crop yields.展开更多
Sulfamethoxazole(SMZ)is a prevalent and recalcitrant micropollutant in water,posing a significant threat to both aquatic organisms and human health.Therefore,investigating the removal of SMZ is of critical importance....Sulfamethoxazole(SMZ)is a prevalent and recalcitrant micropollutant in water,posing a significant threat to both aquatic organisms and human health.Therefore,investigating the removal of SMZ is of critical importance.In order to investigate the effect of rare earth metal doping on the performance of activated persulfate oxidative degradation of SMZ,BiFeO_(3)with different Ce doping amounts was successfully prepared by a hydrothermal method.Then,it was characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),scanning transmission electro n microscopy(STEM)and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET)method.The performance of porous Ce/BiFeO_(3)in the catalytic activation of persulfate(PMS)for the degradation of SMZ in water was investigated using SMZ solution as a simulated wastewater.The impact of Ce doping rate,catalyst dosage,temperature variations,common anions,natural organic matter,and PMS concentration on SMZ removal was systematically evaluated.The characterization results show that the octahedral rhombic structure of Ce can be observed on the surface of this doped catalyst,and Ce doping does not change the crystalline shape of Ce/BiFeO_(3).The specific surface area of the doped catalyst increases,accompanied by an enlargement of pore size,thereby enhancing the catalyst's adsorption capacity and resistance to contamination by SMZ.Under the optimal conditions of 25℃,SMZ concentration of 20 mg/L,0.8 g/L PMS and 0.3 g/L 0.05Ce/BiFeO_(3)catalyst,the removal rate of SMZ reaches approximately 95%within35 min of reaction time.Even after five cycles of reuse,the degradation rate of SMZ remains above 88%,demonstrating the catalyst's good stability and reusability.Bursting experiments show that SO_(4)^(·-),·OH,1O_(2)and O_(2)^(·-)are involved in the catalytic degradation process,with 1O_(2)playing a dominant role.展开更多
Photobiomodulation(PBM)promoting wound healing has been demonstrated by many studies.Currently,630 nm and 810 nm light-emitting diodes(LEDs),as light sources,are frequently used in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer...Photobiomodulation(PBM)promoting wound healing has been demonstrated by many studies.Currently,630 nm and 810 nm light-emitting diodes(LEDs),as light sources,are frequently used in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers(DFUs)in clinics.However,the dose-effect relationship of LED-mediated PBM is not fully understood.Furthermore,among the 630 nm and 810 nm LEDs,which one gets a better effect on accelerating the wound healing of diabetic ulcers is not clear.The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the effects of 630 nm and 810 nm LED-mediated PBM in wound healing both in vitro and in vivo.Our results showed that both 630 nm and 810 nm LED irradiation significantly promoted the proliferation of mouse fibroblast cells(L929)at different light irradiances(1,5,and 10 mW/cm^(2)).The cell proliferation rate increased with the extension of irradiation time(100,200,and 500 s),but it decreased when the irradiation time was over 500 s.Both 630 nm and 810nm LED irradiation(5 mW/cm^(2))significantly improved the migration capability of L929 cells.No difference between 630 nm and 810 nm LED-mediated PBM in promoting cell proliferation and migration was detected.In vivo results presented that both 630 nm and 810 nm LED irradiation promoted the wound healing and the expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and transforming growth factor(TGF)in the wounded skin of type 2 diabetic mice.Overall,these results suggested that LED-mediated PBM promotes wound healing of diabetic mice through promoting fibroblast cell proliferation,migration,and the expression of growth factors in the wounded skin.LEDs(630 nm and 810 nm)have a similar outcome in promoting wound healing of type 2 diabetic mice.展开更多
A large-scale Mg-6Al-Zn plate was prepared by multi-pass submerged friction stir processing(M-SFSP)and its superplastic deformation behavior was investigated.The maximum elongation of 467%,332%and 421%was attained for...A large-scale Mg-6Al-Zn plate was prepared by multi-pass submerged friction stir processing(M-SFSP)and its superplastic deformation behavior was investigated.The maximum elongation of 467%,332%and 421%was attained for the samples oriented in the processing direction(PD),45°tilted toward the PD,and transverse direction(TD),respectively,when deformed at 623 K and a strain rate of 1×10^(−3) s^(−1).This was attributed to the homogeneous and fine-grained structure with mostly high-angle grain boundaries facilitating the prevalent deformation mechanism of grain boundary sliding,along with the weakened texture and dynamic recrystallization during hot deformation.展开更多
With the rapid development of global transportation track equipment, the running speed of modern rail transit equipment keeps refreshing records. High-speed EMUs, inter-city EMUs and urban rail vehicles have become th...With the rapid development of global transportation track equipment, the running speed of modern rail transit equipment keeps refreshing records. High-speed EMUs, inter-city EMUs and urban rail vehicles have become the main types of domestic passenger transport vehicles, especially the lightweight production and manufacture of high-speed EMUs and urban rail vehicles, which are the main topics of railway transport modernization research and discussion. Track manufacturing is a successful example of China's industrial transformation and strategic restructuring through systematic innovation since the reform and opening up. In this paper, the application of some advanced manufacturing technologies in the track equipment manufacturing industry and the opportunities and challenges faced by the whole track equipment manufacturing industry were mainly studied, hoping to provide some help for the development of the track equipment manufacturing industry in China.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFF1000500)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(226-2024-00102)the Hundred-Talent Programof Zhejiang University,China to M.Z.
文摘Grain size,which encompasses length,width,and thickness,is a critical agricultural trait that influences both grain yield and quality in rice.Although numerous grain size regulators have been identified,the molecular mechanisms governing grain size and the lignin content remain largely elusive.In this study,we clone and characterize GRAIN LENGTH AND GRAIN WIDTH 10(GLGW10),a regulator of grain size in rice.Loss-of-function mutations in GLGW10 result in reduced grain size.GLGW10 encodes an evolutionarily conserved protein,the function of which has not been previously characterized in higher plants.Biochemical assays reveal that GLGW10 may interact with the transcription factor OsMYB108,which acts as a negative regulator of the lignin content.Knockout of OsMYB108 leads to longer and slender grain size,accompanied by increased lignin content,indicating that OsMYB108 negatively regulates both grain size and lignin content.Analysis of natural variations and haplotypes in GLGW10 reveals an association with grain size,suggesting an artificial selection on GLGW10 during rice domestication.In summary,our findings identify regulators of grain size and elucidate potential mechanisms linking grain size and lignin metabolism in rice,thereby providing essential insights for improving crop yields.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(2022YFC3204900)Jiangsu Province Construction System Technology Project(2023ZD108)。
文摘Sulfamethoxazole(SMZ)is a prevalent and recalcitrant micropollutant in water,posing a significant threat to both aquatic organisms and human health.Therefore,investigating the removal of SMZ is of critical importance.In order to investigate the effect of rare earth metal doping on the performance of activated persulfate oxidative degradation of SMZ,BiFeO_(3)with different Ce doping amounts was successfully prepared by a hydrothermal method.Then,it was characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),scanning transmission electro n microscopy(STEM)and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET)method.The performance of porous Ce/BiFeO_(3)in the catalytic activation of persulfate(PMS)for the degradation of SMZ in water was investigated using SMZ solution as a simulated wastewater.The impact of Ce doping rate,catalyst dosage,temperature variations,common anions,natural organic matter,and PMS concentration on SMZ removal was systematically evaluated.The characterization results show that the octahedral rhombic structure of Ce can be observed on the surface of this doped catalyst,and Ce doping does not change the crystalline shape of Ce/BiFeO_(3).The specific surface area of the doped catalyst increases,accompanied by an enlargement of pore size,thereby enhancing the catalyst's adsorption capacity and resistance to contamination by SMZ.Under the optimal conditions of 25℃,SMZ concentration of 20 mg/L,0.8 g/L PMS and 0.3 g/L 0.05Ce/BiFeO_(3)catalyst,the removal rate of SMZ reaches approximately 95%within35 min of reaction time.Even after five cycles of reuse,the degradation rate of SMZ remains above 88%,demonstrating the catalyst's good stability and reusability.Bursting experiments show that SO_(4)^(·-),·OH,1O_(2)and O_(2)^(·-)are involved in the catalytic degradation process,with 1O_(2)playing a dominant role.
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFB0403804),CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS)(2019-I2M-5-061)The Open Project Program of Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics(1870037222101)Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program for Young Scholars(1870012222103).
文摘Photobiomodulation(PBM)promoting wound healing has been demonstrated by many studies.Currently,630 nm and 810 nm light-emitting diodes(LEDs),as light sources,are frequently used in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers(DFUs)in clinics.However,the dose-effect relationship of LED-mediated PBM is not fully understood.Furthermore,among the 630 nm and 810 nm LEDs,which one gets a better effect on accelerating the wound healing of diabetic ulcers is not clear.The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the effects of 630 nm and 810 nm LED-mediated PBM in wound healing both in vitro and in vivo.Our results showed that both 630 nm and 810 nm LED irradiation significantly promoted the proliferation of mouse fibroblast cells(L929)at different light irradiances(1,5,and 10 mW/cm^(2)).The cell proliferation rate increased with the extension of irradiation time(100,200,and 500 s),but it decreased when the irradiation time was over 500 s.Both 630 nm and 810nm LED irradiation(5 mW/cm^(2))significantly improved the migration capability of L929 cells.No difference between 630 nm and 810 nm LED-mediated PBM in promoting cell proliferation and migration was detected.In vivo results presented that both 630 nm and 810 nm LED irradiation promoted the wound healing and the expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and transforming growth factor(TGF)in the wounded skin of type 2 diabetic mice.Overall,these results suggested that LED-mediated PBM promotes wound healing of diabetic mice through promoting fibroblast cell proliferation,migration,and the expression of growth factors in the wounded skin.LEDs(630 nm and 810 nm)have a similar outcome in promoting wound healing of type 2 diabetic mice.
基金sponsored by the National Engineering Research Center of Near-Net-Shape Forming for Metallic Materials Open Fund(No.2020009)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Universities for Innovative Team(No.2020KCXTD043)+1 种基金the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERC)in the form of international research collaborationNSERC-Alberta Innovates for the financial support。
文摘A large-scale Mg-6Al-Zn plate was prepared by multi-pass submerged friction stir processing(M-SFSP)and its superplastic deformation behavior was investigated.The maximum elongation of 467%,332%and 421%was attained for the samples oriented in the processing direction(PD),45°tilted toward the PD,and transverse direction(TD),respectively,when deformed at 623 K and a strain rate of 1×10^(−3) s^(−1).This was attributed to the homogeneous and fine-grained structure with mostly high-angle grain boundaries facilitating the prevalent deformation mechanism of grain boundary sliding,along with the weakened texture and dynamic recrystallization during hot deformation.
文摘With the rapid development of global transportation track equipment, the running speed of modern rail transit equipment keeps refreshing records. High-speed EMUs, inter-city EMUs and urban rail vehicles have become the main types of domestic passenger transport vehicles, especially the lightweight production and manufacture of high-speed EMUs and urban rail vehicles, which are the main topics of railway transport modernization research and discussion. Track manufacturing is a successful example of China's industrial transformation and strategic restructuring through systematic innovation since the reform and opening up. In this paper, the application of some advanced manufacturing technologies in the track equipment manufacturing industry and the opportunities and challenges faced by the whole track equipment manufacturing industry were mainly studied, hoping to provide some help for the development of the track equipment manufacturing industry in China.
