Blood-brain barrier disruption and the neuroinflammatory response are significant pathological features that critically influence disease progression and treatment outcomes.This review systematically analyzes the curr...Blood-brain barrier disruption and the neuroinflammatory response are significant pathological features that critically influence disease progression and treatment outcomes.This review systematically analyzes the current understanding of the bidirectional relationship between blood-brain barrier disruption and neuroinflammation in traumatic brain injury,along with emerging combination therapeutic strategies.Literature review indicates that blood-brain barrier disruption and neuroinflammatory responses are key pathological features following traumatic brain injury.In the acute phase after traumatic brain injury,the pathological characteristics include primary blood-brain barrier disruption and the activation of inflammatory cascades.In the subacute phase,the pathological features are characterized by repair mechanisms and inflammatory modulation.In the chronic phase,the pathological features show persistent low-grade inflammation and incomplete recovery of the blood-brain barrier.Various physiological changes,such as structural alterations of the blood-brain barrier,inflammatory cascades,and extracellular matrix remodeling,interact with each other and are influenced by genetic,age,sex,and environmental factors.The dynamic balance between blood-brain barrier permeability and neuroinflammation is regulated by hormones,particularly sex hormones and stress-related hormones.Additionally,the role of gastrointestinal hormones is receiving increasing attention.Current treatment strategies for traumatic brain injury include various methods such as conventional drug combinations,multimodality neuromonitoring,hyperbaric oxygen therapy,and non-invasive brain stimulation.Artificial intelligence also shows potential in treatment decision-making and personalized therapy.Emerging sequential combination strategies and precision medicine approaches can help improve treatment outcomes;however,challenges remain,such as inadequate research on the mechanisms of the chronic phase traumatic brain injury and difficulties with technology integration.Future research on traumatic brain injury should focus on personalized treatment strategies,the standardization of techniques,costeffectiveness evaluations,and addressing the needs of patients with comorbidities.A multidisciplinary approach should be used to enhance treatment and improve patient outcomes.展开更多
In recent years,water evaporation-induced electricity has attracted a great deal of attention as an emerging green and renewable energy harvesting technology.Although abundant materials have been developed to fabricat...In recent years,water evaporation-induced electricity has attracted a great deal of attention as an emerging green and renewable energy harvesting technology.Although abundant materials have been developed to fabricate hydrovoltaic devices,the limitations of high costs,inconvenient storage and transport,low environmental benefits,and unadaptable shape have restricted their wide applications.Here,an electricity generator driven by water evaporation has been engineered based on natural biomass leather with inherent properties of good moisture permeability,excellent wettability,physicochemical stability,flexibility,and biocompatibility.Including numerous nano/microchannels together with rich oxygen-bearing functional groups,the natural leather-based water evaporator,Leather_(Emblic-NPs-SA/CB),could continuously produce electricity even staying outside,achieving a maximum output voltage of∼3 V with six-series connection.Furthermore,the leather-based water evaporator has enormous potential for use as a flexible self-powered electronic floor and seawater demineralizer due to its sensitive pressure sensing ability as well as its excellent photothermal conversion efficiency(96.3%)and thus fast water evaporation rate(2.65 kg m^(−2)h^(−1)).This work offers a new and functional material for the construction of hydrovoltaic devices to harvest the sustained green energy from water evaporation in arbitrary ambient environments,which shows great promise in their widespread applications.展开更多
Compared with those traditional initiating devices of anti-scalding systems,ionic thermoelectric sensors with energyautonomous performance show higher reliability.However,the current ionic thermoelectric materials(i-T...Compared with those traditional initiating devices of anti-scalding systems,ionic thermoelectric sensors with energyautonomous performance show higher reliability.However,the current ionic thermoelectric materials(i-TEs)suffer from complex nano-/micro-channel design,high production costs,environmentally unfriendly,weak mechanical properties,as well as the low moving speed of ions.Herein,the functional leather collagen fibers-bearing natural channels are employed as the polymer matrixes,while the trisodium citrate(SC)organic acid salt exhibits the function of cationic moving selfenhancement as the primary mobile ions for signaling.Including numerous and suitable nano-/micro-channels together with fast-moving cations,the leather-based i-TEs(LITE),LITE-SC0.75 M,possess excellent thermoelectric properties,achieving a Seebeck coefficient of 6.23 mV/K,a figure of merit of 0.084,and an energy conversion efficiency of 2.12%.Combined with its excellent thermal stability,mechanical performance,flexibility,durability,low cost,and outstanding capabilities for low-grade heat harvesting and thermal sensing,the LITE-SC0.75 M detector bearing long service life would show great promise in automatic anti-scalding alarm suitable for multiple scenarios and extreme environments.Therefore,the present work aims to design an efficient,robust,and energy-autonomous leather collagen fibers-based thermoelectric detector to address the limitation of current anti-scalding alarm technology as well as drive advancements in the nano-energy and its effective conversion field.展开更多
Background Dengue fever,a mosquito-borne disease,is influenced by temperature.As global warming intensifies,the frequency of hot nights has increased.However,the relationship between hot nights and dengue transmission...Background Dengue fever,a mosquito-borne disease,is influenced by temperature.As global warming intensifies,the frequency of hot nights has increased.However,the relationship between hot nights and dengue transmission remains unclear.This study aimed to evaluate the impact of hot night exposures on dengue incidence.Methods We collected individual dengue data from Brazil’s SINAN database(2014–2021),covering 5,708,691 patients.Hot night exposures,including the average maximum nighttime temperatures,hot night excess,and hot night duration,were calculated using the ERA5-land dataset.A case-crossover design was employed to assess the association between each hot night exposure and dengue incidence using conditional logistic regression.Results The average maximum nighttime temperature,hot night excess,and hot night duration were all significantly associated with increased risk of dengue,with odds ratios(ORs)of 1.86(95%CI 1.86–1.87),1.01(95%CI 1.01–1.01),and 1.05(95%CI 1.05–1.05),respectively.The attributable risks for each hot night exposure were 14.02%(95%CI 13.49%–14.60%),27.80%(95%CI 27.33%–28.21%),and 26.95%(95%CI 26.58%–27.38%),respectively,when the exposure value was above the 90th percentile of its distribution.Conclusions Hot night exposures were associated with an increased risk of dengue in Brazil.The public health burden of dengue is likely to rise with increasing hot night exposures,especially as hot nights become more frequent worldwide.Implementation of targeted vector control strategies and improved access to cooling equipment,such as air-conditioning,may serve as important mitigation measures.展开更多
Counterfeit leather products infringe the intellectual property rights of the business,cause enormous economic loss,and negatively influence the business enthusiasm for innovation.However,traditional anti-counterfeiti...Counterfeit leather products infringe the intellectual property rights of the business,cause enormous economic loss,and negatively influence the business enthusiasm for innovation.However,traditional anti-counterfeiting materials for leather products suffer from complicated fabrication procedures,photobleaching,and high volatile organic com-pound(VOC)emissions.Here,a sustainable and invisible anti-counterfeiting ink composed of waterborne polyure-thane and water-dispersible lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles(UCNPs)featuring ease of preparation,high photostability,non-toxicity,low VOC emissions,and strong adhesion strength for leather products is designed and synthesized.After decorating on the surface of leather products,the obtained patterns are invisible under normal light conditions.Upon irradiation at 808 nm,the invisible patterns can be observed by naked eyes due to the visible light emitted by 808 nm excited UCNPs.Our approach described here opens a new pathway to realize the long-term,stable anti-counterfeiting function of leather products.展开更多
To the Editor:Cardiac arrest(CA)is one of the leading causes of adult death globally.According to the latest American Heart Association reports,[1]the incidences of Emergency Medical Service-assessed adult out-of-hosp...To the Editor:Cardiac arrest(CA)is one of the leading causes of adult death globally.According to the latest American Heart Association reports,[1]the incidences of Emergency Medical Service-assessed adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest(OHCA)and in-hospital cardiac arrest(IHCA)were 140.7/100,000 and 10.2/1000,respectively.展开更多
Plasticizer migration is responsible for premature coating failure in polyvinyl chloride(PVC)synthetic materials that continue to benefit our daily life as a reliable and cost-efficient simulant of genuine leather.In ...Plasticizer migration is responsible for premature coating failure in polyvinyl chloride(PVC)synthetic materials that continue to benefit our daily life as a reliable and cost-efficient simulant of genuine leather.In this context,the establishment of standard assays that measure the migration rate of plasticizers under varying scenarios plays a pivotal role in comparing durability of those PVC-derived leather-simulants.In this review,multiple methodologies developed over the last decade for determining plasticizer migration from PVC coating are compiled,with their operational principles,merits,and limitations being taken into consideration along with specific apparatus required for each.A concluding section discusses current challenges in this field,and highlights how nuclear magnetic resonance and computational simulation surpass conventional assays in yielding intercomparable results,and hence screening migration-resistant plasticizers in a labor-and time-saving way.Since migration resistance represents a decisive performance indicator of plasticizers,this systematic review may provide guidance to quite a few practitioners in PVC synthetic material industry,who are now engaged in validating various sustainable alternatives with performance allegedly equal to conventional but toxic di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate plasticizer.展开更多
Based on the demand of carbon peak and carbon emission reduction strategy, divinyl-terminated polydimethyl-siloxane (ViPDMSVi), poly(methylhydrosiloxane) (PMHS), divinyl-terminated polymethylvinylsiloxane (ViPMVSVi), ...Based on the demand of carbon peak and carbon emission reduction strategy, divinyl-terminated polydimethyl-siloxane (ViPDMSVi), poly(methylhydrosiloxane) (PMHS), divinyl-terminated polymethylvinylsiloxane (ViPMVSVi), and fumed silica were used as primary raw materials, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) synthetic leather coating was in situ constructed by thermally induced hydrosilylation polymerization on the synthetic leather substrate. The effect of the viscosity of ViPDMSVi, the active hydrogen content of PMHS, the molar ratio of vinyl groups to active hydrogen, the dosage of ViPMVSVi and fumed silica on the performance of PDMS polymer coating, including mechanical properties, cold resistance, flexural resistance, abrasion resistance, hydrophobic and anti-fouling properties were investigated. The results show that ViPDMSVi with high vinyl content and PMHS with low active hydrogen content is more conducive to obtaining organosilicon coating with better mechanical properties, the optimized dosage of ViPMVSVi and fumed silica was 7 wt% and 40 wt%, respectively. In this case, the tensile strength and the broken elongation of the PDMS polymer coating reached 5.96 MPa and 481%, showing reasonable mechanical properties for leather coating. Compared with polyurethane based or polyvinyl chloride based synthetic leather, the silicon based synthetic leather prepared by this method exhibits excellent cold resistance, abrasion resistance, super hydrophobicity, and anti-fouling characteristics.展开更多
In the last decade,the number of transcatheter heart valve replacement for severe heart valve disease has increased exponentially.Although the bioprosthetic artificial heart valve(BHV)has similar fluid dynamics perfor...In the last decade,the number of transcatheter heart valve replacement for severe heart valve disease has increased exponentially.Although the bioprosthetic artificial heart valve(BHV)has similar fluid dynamics performance to the original heart valve compared with mechanical heart valve so that there is no need to take long-term anticoagulant drugs to prevent thromboembolism,transcatheter BHV replacement are still at risk for thrombosis during the first few months according to the clinical data.However,the use of antithrombotic drugs can also increase the risk of bleeding.Therefore,it is particularly important to improve the anticoagulant properties for the BHV itself.In this work,a kind of non-glutaraldehyde cross-linked BHV material with excellent antithrombotic ability has been prepared from carboxylated oxazolidine treated porcine pericardium(consisting of collagen,elastin and glycoprotein)with the further graft of the anticoagulant heparin sodium via hydrophilic modified chitosan.Along with the similar mechanical properties and collagen stability comparable to the glutaraldehyde cross-linked porcine pericardium(PP),these functional non-glutaraldehyde cross-linked PPs exhibit better biocompatibility,promoted endothelial proliferation and superior anti-calcification ability.More importantly,excellent anticoagulant activity can be observed in the hematological experiments in vivo and in vitro.In summary,these excellent performances make these functional non-glutaraldehyde cross-linked PPs great potentialities in the BHV applications.展开更多
Processing polyvinyl chloride(PVC)artificial material requires plasticizer that softens the PVC coating.Currently,utilizing unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters to obtain epoxidized fatty acid methyl ester(EFAME)bio-p...Processing polyvinyl chloride(PVC)artificial material requires plasticizer that softens the PVC coating.Currently,utilizing unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters to obtain epoxidized fatty acid methyl ester(EFAME)bio-plasticizers constitutes an environmentally responsible solution to substitute conventional ortho-phthalates that are endocrine disruptors or probable carcinogens.However,commercial EFAMEs,even with the highest epoxy value(ca.5.5-5.8%)so far,still suffer from fast leaching from the PVC matrix,burdening the environment and shortening lifespan of the artificial material.Here,we report a proof-of-principle demonstration of a new strategy to obtain migration-resistant EFAME that harnesses the midchain hydroxyl of methyl ricinoleate and covalently attachment of a pendant acetate ester.Despite a low epoxy value(3.0%),the engineered bio-plasticizer displays significantly suppressed migration in multiple scenarios compared with one conventional EFAME with much higher epoxy value(5.8%).Circumventing the limit confronting previous strategy that highlights the sole contribution of epoxy value to achievable migration resistance,the rationale herein may provide guidance for designing new EFAMEs with comparable performance to ortho-phthalates,thus bringing the old and oft-maligned PVC artificial material industry one step closer to sustainability.展开更多
Genuine leather is often coated before making daily necessities such as shoes,clothing,bags,sofas,car seats,etc.,so as to impart leather products various colours,higher wear resistance and water resistance and so on.H...Genuine leather is often coated before making daily necessities such as shoes,clothing,bags,sofas,car seats,etc.,so as to impart leather products various colours,higher wear resistance and water resistance and so on.However,the coating of these products is often damaged in daily use which will decrease its aesthetic effect and practicability.Therefore,how to improve the scratch resistance of leather coatings has been puzzling people all the time.It is a common knowledge that animals and plants can repair the injured biological tissues by himself.According to this principle,here,we prepared a type of self-healing water-borne polyurethane with disulfide bond in the main chain by using HEDS as chain extender,and the self-healing system was triggered by the disulfide bonds with the help of shape memory function of waterborne Polyurethane,self-healing experiments how that the damaged of leather coating can be repaired fully at 60℃ for 12 h.展开更多
Fast walking and jogging are two common exercises for people to maintain health in daily life.But the differences in loading patterns of fast walking and jogging are still unclear.The purpose of this study was to comp...Fast walking and jogging are two common exercises for people to maintain health in daily life.But the differences in loading patterns of fast walking and jogging are still unclear.The purpose of this study was to compare loading patterns in fast walking and jogging at the same speed,and to identify how differences in foot mechanics influence plantar pressure distribution between the two modes of gait.Totally,49 healthy males participated in this study.Data of pressure parameters,including maximum force(MF),peak pressure(PP),contact area(CA),force-time integral(FTI),were recorded by Pedar-X insole plantar pressure measurement system in participants’fast walking and jogging process at 7 km/h.A Load transfer analysis method was used to quantify the plantar load transference from fast walking to jogging.The results showed that MF,PP and CA increased in metatarsal regions and midfoot regions while decreased in toes regions and heel during jogging when compared with fast walking.FTI decreased in all foot regions during jogging compared to fast walking.Under the effects of spring mechanics and the varus of rearfoot during jogging,fast walking and jogging reveal different loading patterns.Compared jogging to fast walking,load transferred as follow:1)in transverse direction,load transferred from lateral foot to medial foot in metatarsal regions and midfoot regions,2)in longitudinal direction,load transferred from toes to the metatarsal,and from heel to the metatarsal and midfoot.These results also provide suggestions for footwear designs.展开更多
Based on the demand of carbon peak and carbon emission reduction strategy,divinyl-terminated polydimethyl-siloxane(^(Vi)PDMS^(Vi)),poly(methylhydrosiloxane)(PMHS),divinyl-terminated polymethylvinylsiloxane(ViPMVSVi),a...Based on the demand of carbon peak and carbon emission reduction strategy,divinyl-terminated polydimethyl-siloxane(^(Vi)PDMS^(Vi)),poly(methylhydrosiloxane)(PMHS),divinyl-terminated polymethylvinylsiloxane(ViPMVSVi),and fumed silica were used as primary raw materials,polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)synthetic leather coating was in situ constructed by thermally induced hydrosilylation polymerization on the synthetic leather substrate.The effect of the viscosity of^(Vi)PDMS^(Vi),the active hydrogen content of PMHS,the molar ratio of vinyl groups to active hydrogen,the dosage of ViPMVSVi and fumed silica on the performance of PDMS polymer coating,including mechanical properties,cold resistance,flexural resistance,abrasion resistance,hydrophobic and anti-fouling properties were investigated.The results show that^(Vi)PDMS^(Vi)with high vinyl content and PMHS with low active hydrogen content is more conducive to obtaining organosilicon coating with better mechanical properties,the optimized dosage of ViPMVSVi and fumed silica was 7 wt%and 40 wt%,respectively.In this case,the tensile strength and the broken elongation of the PDMS polymer coating reached 5.96 MPa and 481%,showing reasonable mechanical properties for leather coating.Compared with polyurethane based or polyvinyl chloride based synthetic leather,the silicon based synthetic leather prepared by this method exhibits excellent cold resistance,abrasion resistance,super hydrophobicity,and anti-fouling characteristics.展开更多
Plasticizer migration is responsible for premature coating failure in polyvinyl chloride(PVC)synthetic materials that continue to benefit our daily life as a reliable and cost-efficient simulant of genuine leather.In ...Plasticizer migration is responsible for premature coating failure in polyvinyl chloride(PVC)synthetic materials that continue to benefit our daily life as a reliable and cost-efficient simulant of genuine leather.In this context,the establishment of standard assays that measure the migration rate of plasticizers under varying scenarios plays a pivotal role in comparing durability of those PVC-derived leather-simulants.In this review,multiple methodologies developed over the last decade for determining plasticizer migration from PVC coating are compiled,with their operational principles,merits,and limitations being taken into consideration along with specific apparatus required for each.A concluding section discusses current challenges in this field,and highlights how nuclear magnetic resonance and computational simulation surpass conventional assays in yielding intercomparable results,and hence screening migration-resistant plasticizers in a labor-and time-saving way.Since migration resistance represents a decisive performance indicator of plasticizers,this systematic review may provide guidance to quite a few practitioners in PVC synthetic material industry,who are now engaged in validating various sustainable alternatives with performance allegedly equal to conventional but toxic di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate plasticizer.展开更多
基金supported by Open Scientific Research Program of Military Logistics,No.BLB20J009(to YZhao).
文摘Blood-brain barrier disruption and the neuroinflammatory response are significant pathological features that critically influence disease progression and treatment outcomes.This review systematically analyzes the current understanding of the bidirectional relationship between blood-brain barrier disruption and neuroinflammation in traumatic brain injury,along with emerging combination therapeutic strategies.Literature review indicates that blood-brain barrier disruption and neuroinflammatory responses are key pathological features following traumatic brain injury.In the acute phase after traumatic brain injury,the pathological characteristics include primary blood-brain barrier disruption and the activation of inflammatory cascades.In the subacute phase,the pathological features are characterized by repair mechanisms and inflammatory modulation.In the chronic phase,the pathological features show persistent low-grade inflammation and incomplete recovery of the blood-brain barrier.Various physiological changes,such as structural alterations of the blood-brain barrier,inflammatory cascades,and extracellular matrix remodeling,interact with each other and are influenced by genetic,age,sex,and environmental factors.The dynamic balance between blood-brain barrier permeability and neuroinflammation is regulated by hormones,particularly sex hormones and stress-related hormones.Additionally,the role of gastrointestinal hormones is receiving increasing attention.Current treatment strategies for traumatic brain injury include various methods such as conventional drug combinations,multimodality neuromonitoring,hyperbaric oxygen therapy,and non-invasive brain stimulation.Artificial intelligence also shows potential in treatment decision-making and personalized therapy.Emerging sequential combination strategies and precision medicine approaches can help improve treatment outcomes;however,challenges remain,such as inadequate research on the mechanisms of the chronic phase traumatic brain injury and difficulties with technology integration.Future research on traumatic brain injury should focus on personalized treatment strategies,the standardization of techniques,costeffectiveness evaluations,and addressing the needs of patients with comorbidities.A multidisciplinary approach should be used to enhance treatment and improve patient outcomes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22308210)the Scientific Research Program Funded by Shaanxi Provincial Education Department(23JK0350)+3 种基金the Open Foundation of Key Laboratory of Auxiliary Chemistry and Technology for Chemical Industry,Ministry of Education,and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Industrial Auxiliary Chemistry and Technology,Shaanxi University of Science and Technology(KFKT2021-12)the Opening Project of Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering(Sichuan University),Ministry of Education(2022)the RIKEN-MOST Project between the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China(MOST)and RIKEN,the China Scholarship Council(202108610127)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi University of Science&Technology(2019BT-44).
文摘In recent years,water evaporation-induced electricity has attracted a great deal of attention as an emerging green and renewable energy harvesting technology.Although abundant materials have been developed to fabricate hydrovoltaic devices,the limitations of high costs,inconvenient storage and transport,low environmental benefits,and unadaptable shape have restricted their wide applications.Here,an electricity generator driven by water evaporation has been engineered based on natural biomass leather with inherent properties of good moisture permeability,excellent wettability,physicochemical stability,flexibility,and biocompatibility.Including numerous nano/microchannels together with rich oxygen-bearing functional groups,the natural leather-based water evaporator,Leather_(Emblic-NPs-SA/CB),could continuously produce electricity even staying outside,achieving a maximum output voltage of∼3 V with six-series connection.Furthermore,the leather-based water evaporator has enormous potential for use as a flexible self-powered electronic floor and seawater demineralizer due to its sensitive pressure sensing ability as well as its excellent photothermal conversion efficiency(96.3%)and thus fast water evaporation rate(2.65 kg m^(−2)h^(−1)).This work offers a new and functional material for the construction of hydrovoltaic devices to harvest the sustained green energy from water evaporation in arbitrary ambient environments,which shows great promise in their widespread applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22308210)the Young Talent Fund of the Association for Science and Technology in Shaanxi of China(20240412)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi University of Science&Technology(2019BT-44).
文摘Compared with those traditional initiating devices of anti-scalding systems,ionic thermoelectric sensors with energyautonomous performance show higher reliability.However,the current ionic thermoelectric materials(i-TEs)suffer from complex nano-/micro-channel design,high production costs,environmentally unfriendly,weak mechanical properties,as well as the low moving speed of ions.Herein,the functional leather collagen fibers-bearing natural channels are employed as the polymer matrixes,while the trisodium citrate(SC)organic acid salt exhibits the function of cationic moving selfenhancement as the primary mobile ions for signaling.Including numerous and suitable nano-/micro-channels together with fast-moving cations,the leather-based i-TEs(LITE),LITE-SC0.75 M,possess excellent thermoelectric properties,achieving a Seebeck coefficient of 6.23 mV/K,a figure of merit of 0.084,and an energy conversion efficiency of 2.12%.Combined with its excellent thermal stability,mechanical performance,flexibility,durability,low cost,and outstanding capabilities for low-grade heat harvesting and thermal sensing,the LITE-SC0.75 M detector bearing long service life would show great promise in automatic anti-scalding alarm suitable for multiple scenarios and extreme environments.Therefore,the present work aims to design an efficient,robust,and energy-autonomous leather collagen fibers-based thermoelectric detector to address the limitation of current anti-scalding alarm technology as well as drive advancements in the nano-energy and its effective conversion field.
文摘Background Dengue fever,a mosquito-borne disease,is influenced by temperature.As global warming intensifies,the frequency of hot nights has increased.However,the relationship between hot nights and dengue transmission remains unclear.This study aimed to evaluate the impact of hot night exposures on dengue incidence.Methods We collected individual dengue data from Brazil’s SINAN database(2014–2021),covering 5,708,691 patients.Hot night exposures,including the average maximum nighttime temperatures,hot night excess,and hot night duration,were calculated using the ERA5-land dataset.A case-crossover design was employed to assess the association between each hot night exposure and dengue incidence using conditional logistic regression.Results The average maximum nighttime temperature,hot night excess,and hot night duration were all significantly associated with increased risk of dengue,with odds ratios(ORs)of 1.86(95%CI 1.86–1.87),1.01(95%CI 1.01–1.01),and 1.05(95%CI 1.05–1.05),respectively.The attributable risks for each hot night exposure were 14.02%(95%CI 13.49%–14.60%),27.80%(95%CI 27.33%–28.21%),and 26.95%(95%CI 26.58%–27.38%),respectively,when the exposure value was above the 90th percentile of its distribution.Conclusions Hot night exposures were associated with an increased risk of dengue in Brazil.The public health burden of dengue is likely to rise with increasing hot night exposures,especially as hot nights become more frequent worldwide.Implementation of targeted vector control strategies and improved access to cooling equipment,such as air-conditioning,may serve as important mitigation measures.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(21905182)Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province(2019JZZY010355)+3 种基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2101900)Synthetic Leather and High-Performance fibers Innovation Team(2020SCUNG122)615 Talent Introduction Program of Jiangsu Dongtai for Leading TalentsFunda-mental Research Funds for the Central Universities(YJ201940).
文摘Counterfeit leather products infringe the intellectual property rights of the business,cause enormous economic loss,and negatively influence the business enthusiasm for innovation.However,traditional anti-counterfeiting materials for leather products suffer from complicated fabrication procedures,photobleaching,and high volatile organic com-pound(VOC)emissions.Here,a sustainable and invisible anti-counterfeiting ink composed of waterborne polyure-thane and water-dispersible lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles(UCNPs)featuring ease of preparation,high photostability,non-toxicity,low VOC emissions,and strong adhesion strength for leather products is designed and synthesized.After decorating on the surface of leather products,the obtained patterns are invisible under normal light conditions.Upon irradiation at 808 nm,the invisible patterns can be observed by naked eyes due to the visible light emitted by 808 nm excited UCNPs.Our approach described here opens a new pathway to realize the long-term,stable anti-counterfeiting function of leather products.
文摘To the Editor:Cardiac arrest(CA)is one of the leading causes of adult death globally.According to the latest American Heart Association reports,[1]the incidences of Emergency Medical Service-assessed adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest(OHCA)and in-hospital cardiac arrest(IHCA)were 140.7/100,000 and 10.2/1000,respectively.
基金Engineering Innovation Team Project of Sichuan University(2020SCUNG122)the Opening Project of Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education,Sichuan University(SCU2021D005).
文摘Plasticizer migration is responsible for premature coating failure in polyvinyl chloride(PVC)synthetic materials that continue to benefit our daily life as a reliable and cost-efficient simulant of genuine leather.In this context,the establishment of standard assays that measure the migration rate of plasticizers under varying scenarios plays a pivotal role in comparing durability of those PVC-derived leather-simulants.In this review,multiple methodologies developed over the last decade for determining plasticizer migration from PVC coating are compiled,with their operational principles,merits,and limitations being taken into consideration along with specific apparatus required for each.A concluding section discusses current challenges in this field,and highlights how nuclear magnetic resonance and computational simulation surpass conventional assays in yielding intercomparable results,and hence screening migration-resistant plasticizers in a labor-and time-saving way.Since migration resistance represents a decisive performance indicator of plasticizers,this systematic review may provide guidance to quite a few practitioners in PVC synthetic material industry,who are now engaged in validating various sustainable alternatives with performance allegedly equal to conventional but toxic di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate plasticizer.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project No.22178238)the Pioneers&Leader Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province(Project No.2022C01190).
文摘Based on the demand of carbon peak and carbon emission reduction strategy, divinyl-terminated polydimethyl-siloxane (ViPDMSVi), poly(methylhydrosiloxane) (PMHS), divinyl-terminated polymethylvinylsiloxane (ViPMVSVi), and fumed silica were used as primary raw materials, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) synthetic leather coating was in situ constructed by thermally induced hydrosilylation polymerization on the synthetic leather substrate. The effect of the viscosity of ViPDMSVi, the active hydrogen content of PMHS, the molar ratio of vinyl groups to active hydrogen, the dosage of ViPMVSVi and fumed silica on the performance of PDMS polymer coating, including mechanical properties, cold resistance, flexural resistance, abrasion resistance, hydrophobic and anti-fouling properties were investigated. The results show that ViPDMSVi with high vinyl content and PMHS with low active hydrogen content is more conducive to obtaining organosilicon coating with better mechanical properties, the optimized dosage of ViPMVSVi and fumed silica was 7 wt% and 40 wt%, respectively. In this case, the tensile strength and the broken elongation of the PDMS polymer coating reached 5.96 MPa and 481%, showing reasonable mechanical properties for leather coating. Compared with polyurethane based or polyvinyl chloride based synthetic leather, the silicon based synthetic leather prepared by this method exhibits excellent cold resistance, abrasion resistance, super hydrophobicity, and anti-fouling characteristics.
基金National Key Research and Development Programs(2020YFC1107802)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071357)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2021YFH0011),Sichuan Province Major Science and Technology Special Projects(2018SZDZX0011),the National 111 project of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities(No.B16033).We would be grateful to the help of VENUS Medtech Inc.(Hangzhou,China)for providing the fresh porcine pericardium.
文摘In the last decade,the number of transcatheter heart valve replacement for severe heart valve disease has increased exponentially.Although the bioprosthetic artificial heart valve(BHV)has similar fluid dynamics performance to the original heart valve compared with mechanical heart valve so that there is no need to take long-term anticoagulant drugs to prevent thromboembolism,transcatheter BHV replacement are still at risk for thrombosis during the first few months according to the clinical data.However,the use of antithrombotic drugs can also increase the risk of bleeding.Therefore,it is particularly important to improve the anticoagulant properties for the BHV itself.In this work,a kind of non-glutaraldehyde cross-linked BHV material with excellent antithrombotic ability has been prepared from carboxylated oxazolidine treated porcine pericardium(consisting of collagen,elastin and glycoprotein)with the further graft of the anticoagulant heparin sodium via hydrophilic modified chitosan.Along with the similar mechanical properties and collagen stability comparable to the glutaraldehyde cross-linked porcine pericardium(PP),these functional non-glutaraldehyde cross-linked PPs exhibit better biocompatibility,promoted endothelial proliferation and superior anti-calcification ability.More importantly,excellent anticoagulant activity can be observed in the hematological experiments in vivo and in vitro.In summary,these excellent performances make these functional non-glutaraldehyde cross-linked PPs great potentialities in the BHV applications.
基金financial support of this work by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFB0308600)National Natural Science Foundation of China(21878196)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(20826041C4159).
文摘Processing polyvinyl chloride(PVC)artificial material requires plasticizer that softens the PVC coating.Currently,utilizing unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters to obtain epoxidized fatty acid methyl ester(EFAME)bio-plasticizers constitutes an environmentally responsible solution to substitute conventional ortho-phthalates that are endocrine disruptors or probable carcinogens.However,commercial EFAMEs,even with the highest epoxy value(ca.5.5-5.8%)so far,still suffer from fast leaching from the PVC matrix,burdening the environment and shortening lifespan of the artificial material.Here,we report a proof-of-principle demonstration of a new strategy to obtain migration-resistant EFAME that harnesses the midchain hydroxyl of methyl ricinoleate and covalently attachment of a pendant acetate ester.Despite a low epoxy value(3.0%),the engineered bio-plasticizer displays significantly suppressed migration in multiple scenarios compared with one conventional EFAME with much higher epoxy value(5.8%).Circumventing the limit confronting previous strategy that highlights the sole contribution of epoxy value to achievable migration resistance,the rationale herein may provide guidance for designing new EFAMEs with comparable performance to ortho-phthalates,thus bringing the old and oft-maligned PVC artificial material industry one step closer to sustainability.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Project No:2017YFB0308600).
文摘Genuine leather is often coated before making daily necessities such as shoes,clothing,bags,sofas,car seats,etc.,so as to impart leather products various colours,higher wear resistance and water resistance and so on.However,the coating of these products is often damaged in daily use which will decrease its aesthetic effect and practicability.Therefore,how to improve the scratch resistance of leather coatings has been puzzling people all the time.It is a common knowledge that animals and plants can repair the injured biological tissues by himself.According to this principle,here,we prepared a type of self-healing water-borne polyurethane with disulfide bond in the main chain by using HEDS as chain extender,and the self-healing system was triggered by the disulfide bonds with the help of shape memory function of waterborne Polyurethane,self-healing experiments how that the damaged of leather coating can be repaired fully at 60℃ for 12 h.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,grant number:11502154.
文摘Fast walking and jogging are two common exercises for people to maintain health in daily life.But the differences in loading patterns of fast walking and jogging are still unclear.The purpose of this study was to compare loading patterns in fast walking and jogging at the same speed,and to identify how differences in foot mechanics influence plantar pressure distribution between the two modes of gait.Totally,49 healthy males participated in this study.Data of pressure parameters,including maximum force(MF),peak pressure(PP),contact area(CA),force-time integral(FTI),were recorded by Pedar-X insole plantar pressure measurement system in participants’fast walking and jogging process at 7 km/h.A Load transfer analysis method was used to quantify the plantar load transference from fast walking to jogging.The results showed that MF,PP and CA increased in metatarsal regions and midfoot regions while decreased in toes regions and heel during jogging when compared with fast walking.FTI decreased in all foot regions during jogging compared to fast walking.Under the effects of spring mechanics and the varus of rearfoot during jogging,fast walking and jogging reveal different loading patterns.Compared jogging to fast walking,load transferred as follow:1)in transverse direction,load transferred from lateral foot to medial foot in metatarsal regions and midfoot regions,2)in longitudinal direction,load transferred from toes to the metatarsal,and from heel to the metatarsal and midfoot.These results also provide suggestions for footwear designs.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project No.22178238)the Pioneers&Leader Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province(Project No.2022C01190).
文摘Based on the demand of carbon peak and carbon emission reduction strategy,divinyl-terminated polydimethyl-siloxane(^(Vi)PDMS^(Vi)),poly(methylhydrosiloxane)(PMHS),divinyl-terminated polymethylvinylsiloxane(ViPMVSVi),and fumed silica were used as primary raw materials,polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)synthetic leather coating was in situ constructed by thermally induced hydrosilylation polymerization on the synthetic leather substrate.The effect of the viscosity of^(Vi)PDMS^(Vi),the active hydrogen content of PMHS,the molar ratio of vinyl groups to active hydrogen,the dosage of ViPMVSVi and fumed silica on the performance of PDMS polymer coating,including mechanical properties,cold resistance,flexural resistance,abrasion resistance,hydrophobic and anti-fouling properties were investigated.The results show that^(Vi)PDMS^(Vi)with high vinyl content and PMHS with low active hydrogen content is more conducive to obtaining organosilicon coating with better mechanical properties,the optimized dosage of ViPMVSVi and fumed silica was 7 wt%and 40 wt%,respectively.In this case,the tensile strength and the broken elongation of the PDMS polymer coating reached 5.96 MPa and 481%,showing reasonable mechanical properties for leather coating.Compared with polyurethane based or polyvinyl chloride based synthetic leather,the silicon based synthetic leather prepared by this method exhibits excellent cold resistance,abrasion resistance,super hydrophobicity,and anti-fouling characteristics.
基金Engineering Innovation Team Project of Sichuan University(2020SCUNG122)the Opening Project of Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education,Sichuan University(SCU2021D005).
文摘Plasticizer migration is responsible for premature coating failure in polyvinyl chloride(PVC)synthetic materials that continue to benefit our daily life as a reliable and cost-efficient simulant of genuine leather.In this context,the establishment of standard assays that measure the migration rate of plasticizers under varying scenarios plays a pivotal role in comparing durability of those PVC-derived leather-simulants.In this review,multiple methodologies developed over the last decade for determining plasticizer migration from PVC coating are compiled,with their operational principles,merits,and limitations being taken into consideration along with specific apparatus required for each.A concluding section discusses current challenges in this field,and highlights how nuclear magnetic resonance and computational simulation surpass conventional assays in yielding intercomparable results,and hence screening migration-resistant plasticizers in a labor-and time-saving way.Since migration resistance represents a decisive performance indicator of plasticizers,this systematic review may provide guidance to quite a few practitioners in PVC synthetic material industry,who are now engaged in validating various sustainable alternatives with performance allegedly equal to conventional but toxic di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate plasticizer.
