Plant metabolites are important for plant development and human health.Plants of celery(Apium graveolens L.)with different-colored petioles have been formed in the course of long-term evolution.However,the composition...Plant metabolites are important for plant development and human health.Plants of celery(Apium graveolens L.)with different-colored petioles have been formed in the course of long-term evolution.However,the composition,content distribution,and mechanisms of accumulation of metabolites in different-colored petioles remain elusive.Using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UHPLC-MS/MS),1159 metabolites,including 100 lipids,72 organic acids and derivatives,83 phenylpropanoids and polyketides,and several alkaloids and terpenoids,were quantified in four celery cultivars,each with a different petiole color.There were significant differences in the types and contents of metabolites in celery with different-colored petioles,with the most striking difference between green celery and purple celery,followed by white celery and green celery.Annotated analysis of metabolic pathways showed that the metabolites of the different-colored petioles were significantly enriched in biosynthetic pathways such as anthocyanin,flavonoid,and chlorophyll pathways,suggesting that these metabolic pathways may play a key role in determining petiole color in celery.The content of chlorophyll in green celery was significantly higher than that in other celery cultivars,yellow celery was rich in carotenoids,and the content of anthocyanin in purple celery was significantly higher than that in the other celery cultivars.The color of the celery petioles was significantly correlated with the content of related metabolites.Among the four celery cultivars,the metabolites of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway were enriched in purple celery.The results of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(q RT-PCR)suggested that the differential expression of the chalcone synthase(CHS)gene in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway might affect the biosynthesis of anthocyanin in celery.In addition,HPLC analysis revealed that cyanidin is the main pigment in purple celery.This study explored the differences in the types and contents of metabolites in celery cultivars with different-colored petioles and identified key substances for color formation.The results provide a theoretical basis and technical support for genetic improvement of celery petiole color.展开更多
Organic acid is a crucial indicator of fruit quality traits.Citric acid,the predominant organic acid in citrus fruit,directly influences its edible quality and economic value.While the transcriptional regulatory mecha...Organic acid is a crucial indicator of fruit quality traits.Citric acid,the predominant organic acid in citrus fruit,directly influences its edible quality and economic value.While the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of citric acid metabolism have been extensively studied,the understanding about the transcriptional and epigenetic co-regulation mechanisms is limited.This study characterized a transcription factor,CitGATA7,which directly binds to and activates the expression of genes associated with the glutamine synthetase pathway regulating citric acid degradation.These genes include the aconitase encoding gene CitACO3,the isocitrate dehydrogenase encoding gene CitIDH1,and the glutamine synthetase encoding gene CitGS1.Furthermore,CitGATA7 physically interacts with the histone acetyltransferase CitHAG28 to enhance histone 3 acetylation levels near the transcription start site of CitACO3,CitIDH1,and CitGS1,thereby increasing their transcription and promoting citric acid degradation.The findings demonstrate that the CitGATA7-CitHAG28 protein complex transcriptionally regulate the expression of the GS pathway genes,i.e.,CitACO3,CitIDH1,and CitGS1,via histone acetylation,thus promoting citric acid catabolism.This study establishes a direct link between transcriptional regulation and histone acetylation regarding citric acid metabolism,providing insights for strategies to manipulate organic acid accumulation in fruit.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32002027)。
文摘Plant metabolites are important for plant development and human health.Plants of celery(Apium graveolens L.)with different-colored petioles have been formed in the course of long-term evolution.However,the composition,content distribution,and mechanisms of accumulation of metabolites in different-colored petioles remain elusive.Using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UHPLC-MS/MS),1159 metabolites,including 100 lipids,72 organic acids and derivatives,83 phenylpropanoids and polyketides,and several alkaloids and terpenoids,were quantified in four celery cultivars,each with a different petiole color.There were significant differences in the types and contents of metabolites in celery with different-colored petioles,with the most striking difference between green celery and purple celery,followed by white celery and green celery.Annotated analysis of metabolic pathways showed that the metabolites of the different-colored petioles were significantly enriched in biosynthetic pathways such as anthocyanin,flavonoid,and chlorophyll pathways,suggesting that these metabolic pathways may play a key role in determining petiole color in celery.The content of chlorophyll in green celery was significantly higher than that in other celery cultivars,yellow celery was rich in carotenoids,and the content of anthocyanin in purple celery was significantly higher than that in the other celery cultivars.The color of the celery petioles was significantly correlated with the content of related metabolites.Among the four celery cultivars,the metabolites of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway were enriched in purple celery.The results of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(q RT-PCR)suggested that the differential expression of the chalcone synthase(CHS)gene in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway might affect the biosynthesis of anthocyanin in celery.In addition,HPLC analysis revealed that cyanidin is the main pigment in purple celery.This study explored the differences in the types and contents of metabolites in celery cultivars with different-colored petioles and identified key substances for color formation.The results provide a theoretical basis and technical support for genetic improvement of celery petiole color.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD2300603)Zhejiang Provincial Cooperative Extension Project of Agricultural Key Technology(2022XTTGGP01)the 111 Project(B17039).
文摘Organic acid is a crucial indicator of fruit quality traits.Citric acid,the predominant organic acid in citrus fruit,directly influences its edible quality and economic value.While the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of citric acid metabolism have been extensively studied,the understanding about the transcriptional and epigenetic co-regulation mechanisms is limited.This study characterized a transcription factor,CitGATA7,which directly binds to and activates the expression of genes associated with the glutamine synthetase pathway regulating citric acid degradation.These genes include the aconitase encoding gene CitACO3,the isocitrate dehydrogenase encoding gene CitIDH1,and the glutamine synthetase encoding gene CitGS1.Furthermore,CitGATA7 physically interacts with the histone acetyltransferase CitHAG28 to enhance histone 3 acetylation levels near the transcription start site of CitACO3,CitIDH1,and CitGS1,thereby increasing their transcription and promoting citric acid degradation.The findings demonstrate that the CitGATA7-CitHAG28 protein complex transcriptionally regulate the expression of the GS pathway genes,i.e.,CitACO3,CitIDH1,and CitGS1,via histone acetylation,thus promoting citric acid catabolism.This study establishes a direct link between transcriptional regulation and histone acetylation regarding citric acid metabolism,providing insights for strategies to manipulate organic acid accumulation in fruit.
