Background:Reliable animal models are crucial to drug development for focal segmental glomerulosclerosis(FSGS),a rare kidney disease.Variability in success rates in literature and significant ethical concerns with ani...Background:Reliable animal models are crucial to drug development for focal segmental glomerulosclerosis(FSGS),a rare kidney disease.Variability in success rates in literature and significant ethical concerns with animal welfare necessitate further optimization of adriamycin(ADR)-induced FSGS model developed on BALB/c mice.Methods:High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)was used to assess ADR stability in water and upon light exposure.To identify the optimal ADR level,single intravenous ADR injections with dosing levels from 10 to 17 mg/kg body weight were administered to BALB/c mice to induce FSGS-like pathology.Body weight and proteinuria of FSGS mice were monitored and analyzed for FSGS model-associated morbidity.Animals were euthanized for hematological and kidney histological assessments 8 weeks post induction.To identify the suitable experiment time frame of the ADR-induced FSGS mouse model,a longitudinal study was performed,with an 11-week continuous monitoring of the symptoms.Results:ADR was found to be unstable in aqueous media and light sensitive.A dosing level of 10.5 mg/kg of ADR was optimal for consistent FSGS mouse model induction on BALB/c strain,characterized by minimal mortality and sustained FSGS-like symptoms.Findings from the longitudinal study suggest that 6 weeks post ADR induction may represent the peak of FSGS pathology severity in this mouse model.This time frame may be used for FSGS drug development projects.Conclusion:Based on the outcome from this study,we identified the optimal ADR dosing level and model testing duration.A standard operating procedure(SOP)for the ADR-induced FSGS mouse model was established to facilitate FSGS basic research and drug development.展开更多
In this study,a newly developed composite of biochar-poly(m-phenylenediamine)(BC-PmPD)exhibiting a distinct skeletal structure was synthesized for the purpose of extracting Cr(VI)from aqueous solutions.BC was employed...In this study,a newly developed composite of biochar-poly(m-phenylenediamine)(BC-PmPD)exhibiting a distinct skeletal structure was synthesized for the purpose of extracting Cr(VI)from aqueous solutions.BC was employed as a supportive carrier onto which PmPD nanoparticles were uniformly affixed through in-situ polymerization and oxidation synthesis,both within and outside the layered configuration of BC.The structural stability and morphologies of BC-PmPD were assessed utilizing Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy,scanning electron microscopy,thermogravimetric analysis,analysis of specific surface area and pore size,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),and X-ray diffraction.In comparison to other modified BCs reported,BC-PmPD exhibited the highest Cr(VI)removal rate.Specifically,at 303 K,BC-PmPD achieved a maximum Cr(VI)removal capacity of 775 mg g−1,surpassing the capabilities of unmodified BC and PmPD by 10.4 and 2.13 times,respectively.Analyses involving XPS,FTIR,and density functional theory calculation confirmed that proton transfer happened between protonated amine(−NH2)functional group within the structure of BC-PmPD and HCrO4−before the formation of hydrogen bond.Subsequently,environmentally persistent free radicals facilitated the reduction of the adsorbed Cr(VI).Quantification of the functional groups indicated that the amino group was responsible for 93.0%of the Cr(VI)adsorption in BC-PmPD.BC-PmPD dis-played potent adsorption and reduction capabilities,alongside notable stability,repeatability,and promising potential for application in the remediation for high concentrations of Cr(VI)in electroplating wastewater scenarios.展开更多
基金United States Department of Defense Office of the Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs(CDMRP),Grant/Award Number:W81XWH-22-1-0176。
文摘Background:Reliable animal models are crucial to drug development for focal segmental glomerulosclerosis(FSGS),a rare kidney disease.Variability in success rates in literature and significant ethical concerns with animal welfare necessitate further optimization of adriamycin(ADR)-induced FSGS model developed on BALB/c mice.Methods:High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)was used to assess ADR stability in water and upon light exposure.To identify the optimal ADR level,single intravenous ADR injections with dosing levels from 10 to 17 mg/kg body weight were administered to BALB/c mice to induce FSGS-like pathology.Body weight and proteinuria of FSGS mice were monitored and analyzed for FSGS model-associated morbidity.Animals were euthanized for hematological and kidney histological assessments 8 weeks post induction.To identify the suitable experiment time frame of the ADR-induced FSGS mouse model,a longitudinal study was performed,with an 11-week continuous monitoring of the symptoms.Results:ADR was found to be unstable in aqueous media and light sensitive.A dosing level of 10.5 mg/kg of ADR was optimal for consistent FSGS mouse model induction on BALB/c strain,characterized by minimal mortality and sustained FSGS-like symptoms.Findings from the longitudinal study suggest that 6 weeks post ADR induction may represent the peak of FSGS pathology severity in this mouse model.This time frame may be used for FSGS drug development projects.Conclusion:Based on the outcome from this study,we identified the optimal ADR dosing level and model testing duration.A standard operating procedure(SOP)for the ADR-induced FSGS mouse model was established to facilitate FSGS basic research and drug development.
文摘In this study,a newly developed composite of biochar-poly(m-phenylenediamine)(BC-PmPD)exhibiting a distinct skeletal structure was synthesized for the purpose of extracting Cr(VI)from aqueous solutions.BC was employed as a supportive carrier onto which PmPD nanoparticles were uniformly affixed through in-situ polymerization and oxidation synthesis,both within and outside the layered configuration of BC.The structural stability and morphologies of BC-PmPD were assessed utilizing Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy,scanning electron microscopy,thermogravimetric analysis,analysis of specific surface area and pore size,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),and X-ray diffraction.In comparison to other modified BCs reported,BC-PmPD exhibited the highest Cr(VI)removal rate.Specifically,at 303 K,BC-PmPD achieved a maximum Cr(VI)removal capacity of 775 mg g−1,surpassing the capabilities of unmodified BC and PmPD by 10.4 and 2.13 times,respectively.Analyses involving XPS,FTIR,and density functional theory calculation confirmed that proton transfer happened between protonated amine(−NH2)functional group within the structure of BC-PmPD and HCrO4−before the formation of hydrogen bond.Subsequently,environmentally persistent free radicals facilitated the reduction of the adsorbed Cr(VI).Quantification of the functional groups indicated that the amino group was responsible for 93.0%of the Cr(VI)adsorption in BC-PmPD.BC-PmPD dis-played potent adsorption and reduction capabilities,alongside notable stability,repeatability,and promising potential for application in the remediation for high concentrations of Cr(VI)in electroplating wastewater scenarios.
