Due to the limitations of spatial bandwidth product and data transmission bandwidth,the field of view,resolution,and imaging speed constrain each other in an optical imaging system.Here,a fast-zoom and high-resolution...Due to the limitations of spatial bandwidth product and data transmission bandwidth,the field of view,resolution,and imaging speed constrain each other in an optical imaging system.Here,a fast-zoom and high-resolution sparse compound-eye camera(CEC)based on dual-end collaborative optimization is proposed,which provides a cost-effective way to break through the trade-off among the field of view,resolution,and imaging speed.In the optical end,a sparse CEC based on liquid lenses is designed,which can realize large-field-of-view imaging in real time,and fast zooming within 5 ms.In the computational end,a disturbed degradation model driven super-resolution network(DDMDSR-Net)is proposed to deal with complex image degradation issues in actual imaging situations,achieving high-robustness and high-fidelity resolution enhancement.Based on the proposed dual-end collaborative optimization framework,the angular resolution of the CEC can be enhanced from 71.6"to 26.0",which provides a solution to realize high-resolution imaging for array camera dispensing with high optical hardware complexity and data transmission bandwidth.Experiments verify the advantages of the CEC based on dual-end collaborative optimization in high-fidelity reconstruction of real scene images,kilometer-level long-distance detection,and dynamic imaging and precise recognition of targets of interest.展开更多
Among the existing research on the treatment of disorders of consciousness(DOC),deep brain stimulation(DBS)offers a highly promising therapeutic approach.This comprehensive review documents the historical development ...Among the existing research on the treatment of disorders of consciousness(DOC),deep brain stimulation(DBS)offers a highly promising therapeutic approach.This comprehensive review documents the historical development of DBS and its role in the treatment of DOC,tracing its progression from an experimental therapy to a detailed modulation approach based on the mesocircuit model hypothesis.The mesocircuit model hypothesis suggests that DOC arises from disruptions in a critical network of brain regions,providing a framework for refining DBS targets.We also discuss the multimodal approaches for assessing patients with DOC,encompassing clinical behavioral scales,electrophysiological assessment,and neuroimaging techniques methods.During the evolution of DOC therapy,the segmentation of central nuclei,the recording of single-neurons,and the analysis of local field potentials have emerged as favorable technical factors that enhance the efficacy of DBS treatment.Advances in computational models have also facilitated a deeper exploration of the neural dynamics associated with DOC,linking neuron-level dynamics with macroscopic behavioral changes.Despite showing promising outcomes,challenges remain in patient selection,precise target localization,and the determination of optimal stimulation parameters.Future research should focus on conducting large-scale controlled studies to delve into the pathophysiological mechanisms of DOC.It is imperative to further elucidate the precise modulatory effects of DBS on thalamo-cortical and cortico-cortical functional connectivity networks.Ultimately,by optimizing neuromodulation strategies,we aim to substantially enhance therapeutic outcomes and greatly expedite the process of consciousness recovery in patients.展开更多
Hard carbon (HC) is perceived as an anode candidate for sodium-ion batteries and potassium-ion batteries due to its disordered structure and cost-effectiveness,yet its capacity is restricted by limited active sites.He...Hard carbon (HC) is perceived as an anode candidate for sodium-ion batteries and potassium-ion batteries due to its disordered structure and cost-effectiveness,yet its capacity is restricted by limited active sites.Heteroatom-induced defect engineering of HC is commonly applied for enhancing its reversible capacity,but high heteroatom doping (>14 at%) is challenging due to the absence of heteroatoms in most biomasses.Not only that,the heteroatom doping strategy is also bothered with high diffusion barriers toward Na^(+)/K^(+).Herein,based on a rationally selected low-cost precursor (sodium alginateDmelamineDNaCl),a new HC with high-level N,O heteroatom dopants (21.4 at%) and well-regulated porous structure has been constructed via acylating and controllable pore engineering.Experimental proof and theoretical calculations have been conducted to clarify the influence of heteroatom dopants and porous structures on the ion storage behavior of the designed HC.The rich N,O co-doping could enable efficient Na+/K+adsorption and enhanced electron transfer behavior.Besides,benefiting from the hierarchical porous structures (micro to macropores),the interfacial reaction kinetics and electrochemical behavior can be boosted.Particularly,the optimized N,O dualdoped hierarchical porous HC (NO-HPHC-1,0.285 mol L-1NaCl in precursor) with abundant defects from macropores and moderate micropores make it exhibit excellent Na^(+)storage:127 mAh g^(-1)at 0.5 A g^(-1)even after 2000 cycles.Meanwhile,the superiority of NO-HPHC-1 can be well maintained for K^(+)storage with a reversible capacity of 199 mAh g^(-1)at 0.1 A g^(-1).More importantly,the diverse Na^(+)/K^(+)storage behaviors have been elucidated.展开更多
Electron-positron colliders operating in the GeV center-of-mass range,or tau-charm energy region,have been proved to enable competitive frontier research due to several unique features.With the progress of high-energy...Electron-positron colliders operating in the GeV center-of-mass range,or tau-charm energy region,have been proved to enable competitive frontier research due to several unique features.With the progress of high-energy physics in the last two decades,a new-generation Tau-Charm factory,called the Super Tau-Charm Facility(STCF),has been actively promoted by the particle physics community in China.STCF has the potential to address fundamental questions such as the essence of color confinement and the matter-antimatter asymmetry within the next decades.The main design goals of the STCF are a center-of-mass energy ranging from 2 to 7 GeV and a luminosity surpassing 5×10^(34)cm^(−2)s^(−1)that is optimized at a center-of-mass energy of 4 GeV,which is approximately 50 times that of the currently operating Tau-Charm factory-BEPCII.The STCF accelerator has two main parts:a double-ring collider with a crab-waist collision scheme and an injector that provides top-up injections for both electron and positron beams.As a typical third-generation electron-positron circular collider,the STCF accelerator faces many challenges in both accelerator physics and technology.In this paper,the conceptual design of the STCF accelerator complex is presented,including the ongoing efforts and plans for technological research and develop-ment,as well as the required infrastructure.The STCF project aims to secure support from the Chinese central government for its construction during the 15th Five-Year Plan(2026-2030).展开更多
The acquisition of neutron time spectrum data plays a pivotal role in the precise quantification of uranium via prompt fission neutron uranium logging(PFNUL).However,the impact of the detector dead-time effect remains...The acquisition of neutron time spectrum data plays a pivotal role in the precise quantification of uranium via prompt fission neutron uranium logging(PFNUL).However,the impact of the detector dead-time effect remains paramount in the accurate acquisition of the neutron time spectrum.Therefore,it is imperative for neutron logging instruments to establish a dead-time correction method that is not only uncomplicated but also practical and caters to various logging sites.This study has formulated an innovative equation for determining dead time and introduced a dead-time correction method for the neutron time spectrum,called the“dual flux method.”Using this approach,a logging instrument captures two neutron time spectra under disparate neutron fluxes.By carefully selecting specific“windows”on the neutron time spectrum,the dead time can be accurately ascertained.To substantiate its efficacy and discern the influencing factors,experiments were conducted utilizing a deuterium-tritium(D-T)neutron source,a Helium-3(3He)detector,and polyethylene shielding to collate and analyze the neutron time spectrum under varying neutron fluxes(at high voltages).The findings underscore that the“height”and“spacing”of the two windows are the most pivotal influencing factors.Notably,the“height”(fd)should surpass 2,and the“spacing”twd should exceed 200μs.The dead time of the 3 He detector determined in the experiment was 7.35μs.After the dead-time correction,the deviation of the decay coefficients from the theoretical values for the neutron time spectrum under varying neutron fluxes decreased from 12.4%to within 5%.Similarly,for the PFNUL instrument,the deviation in the decay coefficients decreased from 22.94 to 0.49%after correcting for the dead-time effect.These results demonstrate the exceptional efficacy of the proposed method in ensuring precise uranium quantification.The dual flux method was experimentally validated as a universal approach applicable to pulsed neutron logging instruments and holds immense significance for uranium exploration.展开更多
Fecal incontinence,a debilitating condition that significantly impairs quality of life,affects 2%-21%of adults worldwide.For patients whose structural defects are unresponsive to conservative therapies,sphincter recon...Fecal incontinence,a debilitating condition that significantly impairs quality of life,affects 2%-21%of adults worldwide.For patients whose structural defects are unresponsive to conservative therapies,sphincter reconstruction remains the primary treatment approach.Although traditional surgical techniques effectively restore anatomy in the short term,their long-term efficacy is constrained by progressive muscle atrophy and fibrotic scarring.In complex cases,alternative interventions,including dynamic gracilis or gluteus maximus transposition and artificial sphincter implantation,offer therapeutic options yet are associated with increased surgical risks and high complication rates.Emerging therapies such as regenerative medicine and neuromodulatory approaches have potential,although further rigorous clinical validation is needed to establish standardized protocols.Optimizing fecal incontinence management necessitates precise patient stratification,multidisciplinary collaboration,and the development of individualized treatment algorithms.Advancements in this field depend on large-scale clinical trials and comprehensive long-term outcome assessments to improve therapeutic efficacy and patient-centered care.展开更多
patients with PPF.TCM treatments are typically diverse and individualized,requiring urgent development of efficient and precise design strategies to identify effective treatment options.We designed an innovative Bayes...patients with PPF.TCM treatments are typically diverse and individualized,requiring urgent development of efficient and precise design strategies to identify effective treatment options.We designed an innovative Bayesian adaptive two-stage trial,hoping to provide new ideas for the rapid evaluation of the effectiveness of TCM in PPF.An open-label,two-stage,adaptive Bayesian randomized controlled trial will be conducted in China.Based on Bayesian methods,the trial will employ response-adaptive randomization to allocate patients to study groups based on data collected over the course of the trial.The adaptive Bayesian trial design will employ a Bayesian hierarchical model with“stopping”and“continuation”criteria once a predetermined posterior probability of superiority or futility and a decision threshold are reached.The trial can be implemented more efficiently by sharing the master protocol and organizational management mechanisms of the sub-trial we have implemented.The primary patient-reported outcome is a change in the Leicester Cough Questionnaire score,reflecting an improvement in cough-specific quality of life.The adaptive Bayesian trial design may be a promising method to facilitate the rapid clinical evaluation of TCM effectiveness for PPF,and will provide an example for how to evaluate TCM effectiveness in rare and refractory diseases.However,due to the complexity of the trial implementation,sufficient simulation analysis by professional statistical analysts is required to construct a Bayesian response-adaptive randomization procedure for timely response.Moreover,detailed standard operating procedures need to be developed to ensure the feasibility of the trial implementation.展开更多
Correction to:Nuclear Science and Techniques(2024)35:162 https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-024-01514-1 In this article,the citation information for Figures 6 and 7 was published incorrectly.The correct citations should r...Correction to:Nuclear Science and Techniques(2024)35:162 https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-024-01514-1 In this article,the citation information for Figures 6 and 7 was published incorrectly.The correct citations should read as follows:In the sentence beginning‘the curve of Eq.17 is plotted…..’in this article,the text‘as shown in Fig.7a’should have read‘as shown in Fig.6a’.展开更多
Oil product pipelines have features such as transporting multiple materials, ever-changing operating conditions, and synchronism between the oil input plan and the oil offloading plan. In this paper, an optimal model ...Oil product pipelines have features such as transporting multiple materials, ever-changing operating conditions, and synchronism between the oil input plan and the oil offloading plan. In this paper, an optimal model was established for a single-source multi-distribution oil pro- duct pipeline, and scheduling plans were made based on supply. In the model, time node constraints, oil offloading plan constraints, and migration of batch constraints were taken into consideration. The minimum deviation between the demanded oil volumes and the actual offloading volumes was chosen as the objective function, and a linear programming model was established on the basis of known time nodes＇ sequence. The ant colony optimization algo- rithm and simplex method were used to solve the model. The model was applied to a real pipeline and it performed well.展开更多
The trends of the sea surface temperature(SST) and SST fronts in the South China Sea(SCS) are analyzed during2003–2017 using high-resolution satellite data. The linear trend of the basin averaged SST is 0.31°C p...The trends of the sea surface temperature(SST) and SST fronts in the South China Sea(SCS) are analyzed during2003–2017 using high-resolution satellite data. The linear trend of the basin averaged SST is 0.31°C per decade,with the strongest warming identified in southeastern Vietnam. Although the rate of warming is comparable in summer and winter for the entire basin, the corresponding spatial patterns of the linear trend are substantially different between them. The SST trend to the west of the Luzon Strait is characterized by rapid warming in summer, exceeding approximately 0.6°C per decade, but the trend is insignificant in winter. The strongest warming trend occurs in the southeast of Vietnam in winter, with much less pronounced warming in summer. A positive trend of SST fronts is identified for the coast of China and is associated with increasing wind stress. The increasing trend of SST fronts is also found in the east of Vietnam. Large-scale circulation, such as El Ni?o, can influence the trends of the SST and SST fronts. A significant correlation is found between the SST anomaly and Ni?o3.4 index, and the ENSO signal leads by eight months. The basin averaged SST linear trends increase after the El Ni?o event(2009–2010), which is, at least, due to the rapid warming rate causing by the enhanced northeasterly wind. Peaks of positive anomalous SST and negatively anomalous SST fronts are found to co-occur with the strong El Ni?o events.展开更多
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)is a highly contagious virus that can transmit through respiratory droplets,aerosols,or contacts.Frequent touching of contaminated surfaces in public areas is...Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)is a highly contagious virus that can transmit through respiratory droplets,aerosols,or contacts.Frequent touching of contaminated surfaces in public areas is therefore a potential route of SARS-CoV-2 transmission.The inanimate surfaces have often been described as a source of nosocomial infections.However,summaries on the transmissibility of coronaviruses from contaminated surfaces to induce the coronavirus disease 2019 are rare at present.This review aims to summarize data on the persistence of different coronaviruses on inanimate surfaces.The literature was systematically searched on Medline without language restrictions.All reports with experimental evidence on the duration persistence of coronaviruses on any type of surface were included.Most viruses from the respiratory tract,such as coronaviruses,influenza,SARS-CoV,or rhinovirus,can persist on surfaces for a few days.Persistence time on inanimate surfaces varied from minutes to up to one month,depending on the environmental conditions.SARSCoV-2 can be sustained in air in closed unventilated buses for at least 30 min without losing infectivity.The most common coronaviruses may well survive or persist on surfaces for up to one month.Viruses in respiratory or fecal specimens can maintain infectivity for quite a long time at room temperature.Absorbent materials like cotton are safer than unabsorbent materials for protection from virus infection.The risk of transmission via touching contaminated paper is low.Preventive strategies such as washing hands and wearing masks are critical to the control of coronavirus disease 2019.展开更多
High-performance supercapacitor electrode materials are prepared from the commercially available activated carbon （AC） through a facile and low-cost chemical activation method. The obtained results show that AC acti...High-performance supercapacitor electrode materials are prepared from the commercially available activated carbon （AC） through a facile and low-cost chemical activation method. The obtained results show that AC activated by KOH with an alkali/carbon ratio of 6/1 （ACK6） possesses a specific surface area of 3405 m^2/g, a large pore volume of 2.01 cm^3/g, and exhibits the highest initial specific capacitance of 335 F/g at the current density of 0.5 A/g in 6 mol/L KOH, and 85% coloumbic efficiency for 5000 cycles at 20 mV/s.展开更多
This paper intends to complete the primary logistics planning of oil products under the imbalance of supply and demand. An integrated mathematical programming model is developed to simultaneously find the balance betw...This paper intends to complete the primary logistics planning of oil products under the imbalance of supply and demand. An integrated mathematical programming model is developed to simultaneously find the balance between supply and demand, and optimize the logistics scheme. The model takes minimum logistics cost and resource adjustment cost as the objective function, and takes supply and demand capacity, transportation capacity, mass balance, and resource adjustment rules as constraints.Three adjustment rules are considered in the model, including resource adjustment within oil suppliers,within oil consumers, and between oil consumers. The model is tested on a large-scale primary logistics of a state-owned petroleum enterprise, involving 37 affiliated refineries, 31 procurement departments,286 market depots and dedicated consumers. After the unified optimization, the supply and demand imbalance is eased by 97% and the total cost is saved by 7%, which proves the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed model.展开更多
Oil depots along products pipelines are important components of the pipeline transportation system and down-stream markets.The operating costs of oil depots account for a large proportion of the total system’s operat...Oil depots along products pipelines are important components of the pipeline transportation system and down-stream markets.The operating costs of oil depots account for a large proportion of the total system’s operating costs.Meanwhile,oil depots and pipelines form an entire system,and each operation in a single oil depot may have influence on others.It is a tough job to make a scheduling plan when considering the factors of delivering contaminated oil and batches migration.So far,studies simultaneously considering operating constraints and contaminated oil issues are rare.Aiming at making a scheduling plan with the lowest operating costs,the paper establishes a mixed-integer linear programming model,considering a sequence of operations,such as delivery, export, blending,fractionating and exchanging operations,and batch property differences of the same oil as well as influence of batch migration on contaminated volume.Moreover,the paper verifies the linear relationship between oil concentration and blending capability by mathematical deduction.Finally,the model is successfully applied to one of the product pipelines in China and proved to be practical.展开更多
To investigate highway petrol station replenishment in initiative distribution mode,this paper develops a mixed-integer linear programming(MILP)model with minimal operational costs that includes loading costs,unloadin...To investigate highway petrol station replenishment in initiative distribution mode,this paper develops a mixed-integer linear programming(MILP)model with minimal operational costs that includes loading costs,unloading costs,transport costs and the costs caused by unpunctual distribution.Based on discrete representation,the working day is divided into equal time intervals,and the truck distribution process is decomposed into a pair of tasks including driving,standby,rest,loading and unloading.Each truck must execute one task during a single interval,and the currently executing task is closely related to the preceding and subsequent tasks.By accounting for predictive time-varying sales at petrol stations,real-time road congestion and a series of operational constraints,the proposed model produces the optimal truck dispatch,namely,a detailed task assignment for all trucks during each time interval.The model is tested on a real-world case of a replenishment system comprising eight highway petrol stations,one depot,one garage and eight trucks to demonstrate its applicability and accuracy.展开更多
A passive neutron multiplicity measurement device,FH-NCM/S1,based on field-programmable gate arrays(FPGAs),is developed specifically for measuring the mass of plutonium-240(^(240)Pu)in mixed oxide fuel.FH-NCM/S1 adopt...A passive neutron multiplicity measurement device,FH-NCM/S1,based on field-programmable gate arrays(FPGAs),is developed specifically for measuring the mass of plutonium-240(^(240)Pu)in mixed oxide fuel.FH-NCM/S1 adopts an inte-grated approach,combining the shift register analysis mode with the pulse-position timestamp mode using an FPGA.The optimal effective length of the^(3)He neutron detector was determined to be 30 cm,and the thickness of the graphite reflector was ascertained to be 15 cm through MCNP simulations.After fabricating the device,calibration measurements were per-formed using a^(252)Cf neutron source;a detection efficiency of 43.07%and detector die-away time of 55.79μs were observed.Nine samples of plutonium oxide were measured under identical conditions using the FH-NCM/S1 in shift register analysis mode and a plutonium waste multiplicity counter.The obtained double rates underwent corrections for detection efficiency(ε)and double gate fraction(f_(d)),resulting in corrected double rates(D_(c)),which were used to validate the accuracy of the shift register analysis mode.Furthermore,the device exhibited fluctuations in the measurement results,and within a single 20 s measurement,these fluctuations remained below 10%.After 30 cycles,the relative error in the mass of^(240)Pu was less than 5%.Finally,correlation calculations confirmed the robust consistency of both measurement modes.This study holds specific significance for the subsequent design and development of neutron multiplicity devices.展开更多
基金financial supports from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U23A20368 and 62175006)Academic Excellence Foundation of BUAA for PhD Students.
文摘Due to the limitations of spatial bandwidth product and data transmission bandwidth,the field of view,resolution,and imaging speed constrain each other in an optical imaging system.Here,a fast-zoom and high-resolution sparse compound-eye camera(CEC)based on dual-end collaborative optimization is proposed,which provides a cost-effective way to break through the trade-off among the field of view,resolution,and imaging speed.In the optical end,a sparse CEC based on liquid lenses is designed,which can realize large-field-of-view imaging in real time,and fast zooming within 5 ms.In the computational end,a disturbed degradation model driven super-resolution network(DDMDSR-Net)is proposed to deal with complex image degradation issues in actual imaging situations,achieving high-robustness and high-fidelity resolution enhancement.Based on the proposed dual-end collaborative optimization framework,the angular resolution of the CEC can be enhanced from 71.6"to 26.0",which provides a solution to realize high-resolution imaging for array camera dispensing with high optical hardware complexity and data transmission bandwidth.Experiments verify the advantages of the CEC based on dual-end collaborative optimization in high-fidelity reconstruction of real scene images,kilometer-level long-distance detection,and dynamic imaging and precise recognition of targets of interest.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Innovation 2030(2022ZD0205300)the International(Hong Kong,Macao,and Taiwan)Science and Technology Cooperation Project(Z221100002722014)+5 种基金the 2022 Open Project of Key Laboratory and Engineering Technology Research of the Ministry of Civil Affairs(2022GKZS0003)the Chinese Institute for Brain Research Youth Scholar Program(2022-NKX-XM-02)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing municipality(7232049)the General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(82371197)the FundRef Organization name of Guarantors of Brain(HMR04170)the Royal Society(IES\R3\213123).
文摘Among the existing research on the treatment of disorders of consciousness(DOC),deep brain stimulation(DBS)offers a highly promising therapeutic approach.This comprehensive review documents the historical development of DBS and its role in the treatment of DOC,tracing its progression from an experimental therapy to a detailed modulation approach based on the mesocircuit model hypothesis.The mesocircuit model hypothesis suggests that DOC arises from disruptions in a critical network of brain regions,providing a framework for refining DBS targets.We also discuss the multimodal approaches for assessing patients with DOC,encompassing clinical behavioral scales,electrophysiological assessment,and neuroimaging techniques methods.During the evolution of DOC therapy,the segmentation of central nuclei,the recording of single-neurons,and the analysis of local field potentials have emerged as favorable technical factors that enhance the efficacy of DBS treatment.Advances in computational models have also facilitated a deeper exploration of the neural dynamics associated with DOC,linking neuron-level dynamics with macroscopic behavioral changes.Despite showing promising outcomes,challenges remain in patient selection,precise target localization,and the determination of optimal stimulation parameters.Future research should focus on conducting large-scale controlled studies to delve into the pathophysiological mechanisms of DOC.It is imperative to further elucidate the precise modulatory effects of DBS on thalamo-cortical and cortico-cortical functional connectivity networks.Ultimately,by optimizing neuromodulation strategies,we aim to substantially enhance therapeutic outcomes and greatly expedite the process of consciousness recovery in patients.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52072193,U22A20131,U22A20250,and 52361165657)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Nos.ZR2021JQ16 and ZR2023YQ040)the State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials(No.KF2217)
文摘Hard carbon (HC) is perceived as an anode candidate for sodium-ion batteries and potassium-ion batteries due to its disordered structure and cost-effectiveness,yet its capacity is restricted by limited active sites.Heteroatom-induced defect engineering of HC is commonly applied for enhancing its reversible capacity,but high heteroatom doping (>14 at%) is challenging due to the absence of heteroatoms in most biomasses.Not only that,the heteroatom doping strategy is also bothered with high diffusion barriers toward Na^(+)/K^(+).Herein,based on a rationally selected low-cost precursor (sodium alginateDmelamineDNaCl),a new HC with high-level N,O heteroatom dopants (21.4 at%) and well-regulated porous structure has been constructed via acylating and controllable pore engineering.Experimental proof and theoretical calculations have been conducted to clarify the influence of heteroatom dopants and porous structures on the ion storage behavior of the designed HC.The rich N,O co-doping could enable efficient Na+/K+adsorption and enhanced electron transfer behavior.Besides,benefiting from the hierarchical porous structures (micro to macropores),the interfacial reaction kinetics and electrochemical behavior can be boosted.Particularly,the optimized N,O dualdoped hierarchical porous HC (NO-HPHC-1,0.285 mol L-1NaCl in precursor) with abundant defects from macropores and moderate micropores make it exhibit excellent Na^(+)storage:127 mAh g^(-1)at 0.5 A g^(-1)even after 2000 cycles.Meanwhile,the superiority of NO-HPHC-1 can be well maintained for K^(+)storage with a reversible capacity of 199 mAh g^(-1)at 0.1 A g^(-1).More importantly,the diverse Na^(+)/K^(+)storage behaviors have been elucidated.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFA1602200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12341501 and 12405174)the Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center for the strong support on the STCF key technology research project.
文摘Electron-positron colliders operating in the GeV center-of-mass range,or tau-charm energy region,have been proved to enable competitive frontier research due to several unique features.With the progress of high-energy physics in the last two decades,a new-generation Tau-Charm factory,called the Super Tau-Charm Facility(STCF),has been actively promoted by the particle physics community in China.STCF has the potential to address fundamental questions such as the essence of color confinement and the matter-antimatter asymmetry within the next decades.The main design goals of the STCF are a center-of-mass energy ranging from 2 to 7 GeV and a luminosity surpassing 5×10^(34)cm^(−2)s^(−1)that is optimized at a center-of-mass energy of 4 GeV,which is approximately 50 times that of the currently operating Tau-Charm factory-BEPCII.The STCF accelerator has two main parts:a double-ring collider with a crab-waist collision scheme and an injector that provides top-up injections for both electron and positron beams.As a typical third-generation electron-positron circular collider,the STCF accelerator faces many challenges in both accelerator physics and technology.In this paper,the conceptual design of the STCF accelerator complex is presented,including the ongoing efforts and plans for technological research and develop-ment,as well as the required infrastructure.The STCF project aims to secure support from the Chinese central government for its construction during the 15th Five-Year Plan(2026-2030).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42374226)Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Nos.20232BAB201043 and 20232BCJ23006)+2 种基金Nuclear Energy Development Project(20201192-01)National Key Laboratory of Uranium Resource Exploration-Mining and Nuclear Remote Sensing(ECUT)(2024QZ-TD-09)Fundamental Science on Radioactive Geology and Exploration Technology Laboratory(2022RGET20).
文摘The acquisition of neutron time spectrum data plays a pivotal role in the precise quantification of uranium via prompt fission neutron uranium logging(PFNUL).However,the impact of the detector dead-time effect remains paramount in the accurate acquisition of the neutron time spectrum.Therefore,it is imperative for neutron logging instruments to establish a dead-time correction method that is not only uncomplicated but also practical and caters to various logging sites.This study has formulated an innovative equation for determining dead time and introduced a dead-time correction method for the neutron time spectrum,called the“dual flux method.”Using this approach,a logging instrument captures two neutron time spectra under disparate neutron fluxes.By carefully selecting specific“windows”on the neutron time spectrum,the dead time can be accurately ascertained.To substantiate its efficacy and discern the influencing factors,experiments were conducted utilizing a deuterium-tritium(D-T)neutron source,a Helium-3(3He)detector,and polyethylene shielding to collate and analyze the neutron time spectrum under varying neutron fluxes(at high voltages).The findings underscore that the“height”and“spacing”of the two windows are the most pivotal influencing factors.Notably,the“height”(fd)should surpass 2,and the“spacing”twd should exceed 200μs.The dead time of the 3 He detector determined in the experiment was 7.35μs.After the dead-time correction,the deviation of the decay coefficients from the theoretical values for the neutron time spectrum under varying neutron fluxes decreased from 12.4%to within 5%.Similarly,for the PFNUL instrument,the deviation in the decay coefficients decreased from 22.94 to 0.49%after correcting for the dead-time effect.These results demonstrate the exceptional efficacy of the proposed method in ensuring precise uranium quantification.The dual flux method was experimentally validated as a universal approach applicable to pulsed neutron logging instruments and holds immense significance for uranium exploration.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Projects in Guangzhou,No.SL2022A03J00756.
文摘Fecal incontinence,a debilitating condition that significantly impairs quality of life,affects 2%-21%of adults worldwide.For patients whose structural defects are unresponsive to conservative therapies,sphincter reconstruction remains the primary treatment approach.Although traditional surgical techniques effectively restore anatomy in the short term,their long-term efficacy is constrained by progressive muscle atrophy and fibrotic scarring.In complex cases,alternative interventions,including dynamic gracilis or gluteus maximus transposition and artificial sphincter implantation,offer therapeutic options yet are associated with increased surgical risks and high complication rates.Emerging therapies such as regenerative medicine and neuromodulatory approaches have potential,although further rigorous clinical validation is needed to establish standardized protocols.Optimizing fecal incontinence management necessitates precise patient stratification,multidisciplinary collaboration,and the development of individualized treatment algorithms.Advancements in this field depend on large-scale clinical trials and comprehensive long-term outcome assessments to improve therapeutic efficacy and patient-centered care.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81973713)。
文摘patients with PPF.TCM treatments are typically diverse and individualized,requiring urgent development of efficient and precise design strategies to identify effective treatment options.We designed an innovative Bayesian adaptive two-stage trial,hoping to provide new ideas for the rapid evaluation of the effectiveness of TCM in PPF.An open-label,two-stage,adaptive Bayesian randomized controlled trial will be conducted in China.Based on Bayesian methods,the trial will employ response-adaptive randomization to allocate patients to study groups based on data collected over the course of the trial.The adaptive Bayesian trial design will employ a Bayesian hierarchical model with“stopping”and“continuation”criteria once a predetermined posterior probability of superiority or futility and a decision threshold are reached.The trial can be implemented more efficiently by sharing the master protocol and organizational management mechanisms of the sub-trial we have implemented.The primary patient-reported outcome is a change in the Leicester Cough Questionnaire score,reflecting an improvement in cough-specific quality of life.The adaptive Bayesian trial design may be a promising method to facilitate the rapid clinical evaluation of TCM effectiveness for PPF,and will provide an example for how to evaluate TCM effectiveness in rare and refractory diseases.However,due to the complexity of the trial implementation,sufficient simulation analysis by professional statistical analysts is required to construct a Bayesian response-adaptive randomization procedure for timely response.Moreover,detailed standard operating procedures need to be developed to ensure the feasibility of the trial implementation.
文摘Correction to:Nuclear Science and Techniques(2024)35:162 https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-024-01514-1 In this article,the citation information for Figures 6 and 7 was published incorrectly.The correct citations should read as follows:In the sentence beginning‘the curve of Eq.17 is plotted…..’in this article,the text‘as shown in Fig.7a’should have read‘as shown in Fig.6a’.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 52071278, 51827801)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2018YFA0703603)。
基金part of the Program of"Study on the mechanism of complex heat and mass transfer during batch transport process in products pipelines"funded under the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number 51474228)
文摘Oil product pipelines have features such as transporting multiple materials, ever-changing operating conditions, and synchronism between the oil input plan and the oil offloading plan. In this paper, an optimal model was established for a single-source multi-distribution oil pro- duct pipeline, and scheduling plans were made based on supply. In the model, time node constraints, oil offloading plan constraints, and migration of batch constraints were taken into consideration. The minimum deviation between the demanded oil volumes and the actual offloading volumes was chosen as the objective function, and a linear programming model was established on the basis of known time nodes＇ sequence. The ant colony optimization algo- rithm and simplex method were used to solve the model. The model was applied to a real pipeline and it performed well.
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China under contract No.2016YFC1401601the Scientific Research Fund of the Second Institute of Oceanography,MNR under contract No.JB1806+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41806026,41806041,41706036 and 41730536the Project of State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics,Second Institute of Oceanography,MNR under contract No.SOEDZZ1902
文摘The trends of the sea surface temperature(SST) and SST fronts in the South China Sea(SCS) are analyzed during2003–2017 using high-resolution satellite data. The linear trend of the basin averaged SST is 0.31°C per decade,with the strongest warming identified in southeastern Vietnam. Although the rate of warming is comparable in summer and winter for the entire basin, the corresponding spatial patterns of the linear trend are substantially different between them. The SST trend to the west of the Luzon Strait is characterized by rapid warming in summer, exceeding approximately 0.6°C per decade, but the trend is insignificant in winter. The strongest warming trend occurs in the southeast of Vietnam in winter, with much less pronounced warming in summer. A positive trend of SST fronts is identified for the coast of China and is associated with increasing wind stress. The increasing trend of SST fronts is also found in the east of Vietnam. Large-scale circulation, such as El Ni?o, can influence the trends of the SST and SST fronts. A significant correlation is found between the SST anomaly and Ni?o3.4 index, and the ENSO signal leads by eight months. The basin averaged SST linear trends increase after the El Ni?o event(2009–2010), which is, at least, due to the rapid warming rate causing by the enhanced northeasterly wind. Peaks of positive anomalous SST and negatively anomalous SST fronts are found to co-occur with the strong El Ni?o events.
文摘Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)is a highly contagious virus that can transmit through respiratory droplets,aerosols,or contacts.Frequent touching of contaminated surfaces in public areas is therefore a potential route of SARS-CoV-2 transmission.The inanimate surfaces have often been described as a source of nosocomial infections.However,summaries on the transmissibility of coronaviruses from contaminated surfaces to induce the coronavirus disease 2019 are rare at present.This review aims to summarize data on the persistence of different coronaviruses on inanimate surfaces.The literature was systematically searched on Medline without language restrictions.All reports with experimental evidence on the duration persistence of coronaviruses on any type of surface were included.Most viruses from the respiratory tract,such as coronaviruses,influenza,SARS-CoV,or rhinovirus,can persist on surfaces for a few days.Persistence time on inanimate surfaces varied from minutes to up to one month,depending on the environmental conditions.SARSCoV-2 can be sustained in air in closed unventilated buses for at least 30 min without losing infectivity.The most common coronaviruses may well survive or persist on surfaces for up to one month.Viruses in respiratory or fecal specimens can maintain infectivity for quite a long time at room temperature.Absorbent materials like cotton are safer than unabsorbent materials for protection from virus infection.The risk of transmission via touching contaminated paper is low.Preventive strategies such as washing hands and wearing masks are critical to the control of coronavirus disease 2019.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(Nos.21371061,21031001)the Science and Technology Plan Projects of Guangdong Province(No.2011A081301018)the Key Academic Program of the 3rd phase "211 Project" of South China Agricultural University
文摘High-performance supercapacitor electrode materials are prepared from the commercially available activated carbon （AC） through a facile and low-cost chemical activation method. The obtained results show that AC activated by KOH with an alkali/carbon ratio of 6/1 （ACK6） possesses a specific surface area of 3405 m^2/g, a large pore volume of 2.01 cm^3/g, and exhibits the highest initial specific capacitance of 335 F/g at the current density of 0.5 A/g in 6 mol/L KOH, and 85% coloumbic efficiency for 5000 cycles at 20 mV/s.
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51874325)the Science Foundation of China University of PetroleumBeijing (2462021BJRC009)。
文摘This paper intends to complete the primary logistics planning of oil products under the imbalance of supply and demand. An integrated mathematical programming model is developed to simultaneously find the balance between supply and demand, and optimize the logistics scheme. The model takes minimum logistics cost and resource adjustment cost as the objective function, and takes supply and demand capacity, transportation capacity, mass balance, and resource adjustment rules as constraints.Three adjustment rules are considered in the model, including resource adjustment within oil suppliers,within oil consumers, and between oil consumers. The model is tested on a large-scale primary logistics of a state-owned petroleum enterprise, involving 37 affiliated refineries, 31 procurement departments,286 market depots and dedicated consumers. After the unified optimization, the supply and demand imbalance is eased by 97% and the total cost is saved by 7%, which proves the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed model.
基金part of the Program of ‘‘Study of the mechanism of complex heat and mass transfer during batch transport process in product pipelines’’ funded under the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Grant Number 51474228
文摘Oil depots along products pipelines are important components of the pipeline transportation system and down-stream markets.The operating costs of oil depots account for a large proportion of the total system’s operating costs.Meanwhile,oil depots and pipelines form an entire system,and each operation in a single oil depot may have influence on others.It is a tough job to make a scheduling plan when considering the factors of delivering contaminated oil and batches migration.So far,studies simultaneously considering operating constraints and contaminated oil issues are rare.Aiming at making a scheduling plan with the lowest operating costs,the paper establishes a mixed-integer linear programming model,considering a sequence of operations,such as delivery, export, blending,fractionating and exchanging operations,and batch property differences of the same oil as well as influence of batch migration on contaminated volume.Moreover,the paper verifies the linear relationship between oil concentration and blending capability by mathematical deduction.Finally,the model is successfully applied to one of the product pipelines in China and proved to be practical.
基金This work was part of the Program of“Study on Optimization and Supply side Reliability of Oil Product Supply Chain Logistics System”funded under the National Natural Science Foundation of China,grant number 51874325.The authors are grateful to all study participants.
文摘To investigate highway petrol station replenishment in initiative distribution mode,this paper develops a mixed-integer linear programming(MILP)model with minimal operational costs that includes loading costs,unloading costs,transport costs and the costs caused by unpunctual distribution.Based on discrete representation,the working day is divided into equal time intervals,and the truck distribution process is decomposed into a pair of tasks including driving,standby,rest,loading and unloading.Each truck must execute one task during a single interval,and the currently executing task is closely related to the preceding and subsequent tasks.By accounting for predictive time-varying sales at petrol stations,real-time road congestion and a series of operational constraints,the proposed model produces the optimal truck dispatch,namely,a detailed task assignment for all trucks during each time interval.The model is tested on a real-world case of a replenishment system comprising eight highway petrol stations,one depot,one garage and eight trucks to demonstrate its applicability and accuracy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42374226)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(Nos.20232BAB201043 and 20232BCJ23006)+1 种基金a sub-project of the nuclear energy development project of the China National Defense Science and Industry Bureau‘n-γfusion logging method theory research’(No.20201192-01)the Fundamental Science on Radioactive Geology and Exploration Technology Laboratory(No.2022RGET20)。
文摘A passive neutron multiplicity measurement device,FH-NCM/S1,based on field-programmable gate arrays(FPGAs),is developed specifically for measuring the mass of plutonium-240(^(240)Pu)in mixed oxide fuel.FH-NCM/S1 adopts an inte-grated approach,combining the shift register analysis mode with the pulse-position timestamp mode using an FPGA.The optimal effective length of the^(3)He neutron detector was determined to be 30 cm,and the thickness of the graphite reflector was ascertained to be 15 cm through MCNP simulations.After fabricating the device,calibration measurements were per-formed using a^(252)Cf neutron source;a detection efficiency of 43.07%and detector die-away time of 55.79μs were observed.Nine samples of plutonium oxide were measured under identical conditions using the FH-NCM/S1 in shift register analysis mode and a plutonium waste multiplicity counter.The obtained double rates underwent corrections for detection efficiency(ε)and double gate fraction(f_(d)),resulting in corrected double rates(D_(c)),which were used to validate the accuracy of the shift register analysis mode.Furthermore,the device exhibited fluctuations in the measurement results,and within a single 20 s measurement,these fluctuations remained below 10%.After 30 cycles,the relative error in the mass of^(240)Pu was less than 5%.Finally,correlation calculations confirmed the robust consistency of both measurement modes.This study holds specific significance for the subsequent design and development of neutron multiplicity devices.
