BACKGROUND Sepsis-associated liver injury(SALI)refers to secondary liver function impairment caused by sepsis,patients with SALI often have worse clinical outcomes.The early identification and assessment of the occurr...BACKGROUND Sepsis-associated liver injury(SALI)refers to secondary liver function impairment caused by sepsis,patients with SALI often have worse clinical outcomes.The early identification and assessment of the occurrence and progression of SALI are pressing issues that urgently need to be resolved.AIM To investigate the relationship between iron metabolism and SALI.METHODS In this prospective study,139 patients were recruited,with 53 assigned to the SALI group.The relationships between SALI and various iron metabolism-related biomarkers were examined.These biomarkers included serum iron(SI),total iron-binding capacity(TIBC),serum ferritin,transferrin,and transferrin saturation.To identify independent risk factors for SALI,both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed.Additionally,receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was utilized to assess the predictive value of these biomarkers for the occurrence of SALI.RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences in age,sex,body mass index,Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores(excluding liver function),or APACHE II scores between the two groups of patients.Compared with the sepsis group,the SALI group presented significantly higher SI(P<0.001),TIBC(P<0.001),serum ferritin(P=0.001),transferrin(P=0.005),and transferrin saturation levels(P<0.001).Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that SI(odds ratio=1.24,95%confidence interval:1.11-1.40,P<0.001)and TIBC levels(odds ratio=1.13,95%confidence interval:1.05-1.21,P<0.001)were independent predictors of SALI.Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that SI and TIBC had areas under the curve of 0.816 and 0.757,respectively,indicating moderate predictive accuracy for SALI.CONCLUSION Iron metabolism disorders are closely associated with the development of SALI,and SI and TIBC may serve as potential predictive biomarkers.The combined use of SI and TIBC has superior diagnostic efficacy for SALI.These findings provide valuable insights for the early identification and management of SALI among patients with sepsis.展开更多
Mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic(DA) neurons have been implicated in regulating nociception in chronic pain, yet the mechanisms are barely understood. Here, we found that chronic constructive injury(CCI) in mice increas...Mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic(DA) neurons have been implicated in regulating nociception in chronic pain, yet the mechanisms are barely understood. Here, we found that chronic constructive injury(CCI) in mice increased the firing activity and decreased the KCNQ channel-mediated M-currents in ventral tegmental area(VTA) DA neurons projecting to the nucleus accumbens(NAc). Chemogenetic inhibition of the VTA-to-NAc DA neurons alleviated CCI-induced thermal nociception.Opposite changes in the firing activity and M-currents were recorded in VTA DA neurons projecting to the medial prefrontal cortex(mPFC) but did not affect nociception. In addition, intra-VTA injection of retigabine, a KCNQ opener, while reversing the changes of the VTA-to-NAc DA neurons, alleviated CCI-induced nociception, and this was abolished by injecting exogenous BDNF into the NAc.Taken together, these findings highlight a vital role of KCNQ channel-mediated modulation of mesolimbic DA activity in regulating thermal nociception in the chronic pain state.展开更多
The dilatometric curves of B1500HS high-strength steel at different heating rates were measured by a Gleeble-3800 thermal simulator and analyzed to investigate the effect of heating rate on austenitization.Results sho...The dilatometric curves of B1500HS high-strength steel at different heating rates were measured by a Gleeble-3800 thermal simulator and analyzed to investigate the effect of heating rate on austenitization.Results show that the value of starting temperature and ending temperature of austenite transformation increase with the rise of heating rates,whereas the temperature interval of austenite formation decreases.The kinetic equation of austenite transformation was solved using the Johnson–Mehl–Avrami model,and the related parameters of the equation were analyzed by the Kissinger method.For those calculations,the activation energy of austenite transformation is 1.01×10^6 J/mol,and the values of kinetic parameters n and ln k0 are 0.63 and 103.03,respectively.The relationship between the volume fraction of austenite and the heating time at different heating rates could be predicted using the kinetic equation.The predicted and experimental results were compared to verify the accuracy of the kinetic equation.The microstructure etched by different corrosive solutions was analyzed,and the reliability of kinetic equation was further verified from the microscopic perspective.展开更多
Autophagy and apoptosis have been regarded as important processes in the development of diabetic erectile dysfunction(DMED).Probucol is considered to have anti-apoptotic effects,but its relationship with autophagy has...Autophagy and apoptosis have been regarded as important processes in the development of diabetic erectile dysfunction(DMED).Probucol is considered to have anti-apoptotic effects,but its relationship with autophagy has not been reported.The aim of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of probucol on erectile function.Thirty Sprague–Dawley(SD)male rats(12 weeks old)were fasted for 12 h.Twenty SD rats were injected with a single intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg kg−1 streptozotocin(STZ).Ten rats were given vehicle only and used as a sham group.After 72 h,20 STZ-treated rats with random blood glucose concentrations consistently greater than 16.7 mmol l^−1 were used as successfully established diabetic rats.The diabetic rats were divided randomly into two groups and treated with a daily gavage of probucol at a dose of 0 or 500 mg kg^−1 for 12 weeks.After treatment,the intracavernous pressure(ICP)was used to measure erectile function upon electrical stimulation of the cavernous nerve.After euthanasia,penile tissue was examined using immunohistochemistry and Western blot to assess the protein levels of B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2),BCL2-associated X(Bax),microtubule-associated protein light chain 3-II(LC3-II),mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR),and sequestosome 1(P62).Caspase-3 activity was measured to determine apoptosis using a caspase-3 assay kit.After 12 weeks of treatment,the erectile function of the probucol group was significantly better than that of the DM group(P<0.05).Bax and LC3-II protein expression and caspase-3 activity were significantly lower in the probucol group than those in the DM group(all P<0.05),while Bcl-2,mTOR,and P62 protein expression levels were significantly higher than those in the DM group(all P<0.05).We demonstrated that probucol inhibited apoptosis and autophagy in STZ-induced diabetic rats.展开更多
BACKGROUND Knee osteoarthritis is the most prevalent form of osteoarthritis and is becoming the main reason for progressive pain in knee joints. Arthroscopy combined with unicondylar knee arthroplasty(UKA) is one of t...BACKGROUND Knee osteoarthritis is the most prevalent form of osteoarthritis and is becoming the main reason for progressive pain in knee joints. Arthroscopy combined with unicondylar knee arthroplasty(UKA) is one of the effective methods for the treatment of severe unicompartmental knee arthritis. This surgical approach gives us the capacity to explore all the articular cavities and plays a vital role in UKA patient selection. However, some scholars think that the surgical procedure is traumatic and may increase the rate of surgical infection, and its clinical efficacy needs further study.AIM To compare the clinical effect of arthroscopy combined with UKA and UKA alone for patients suffering from unicompartmental osteoarthritis(OA).METHODS A retrospective study was conducted on patients who were diagnosed with unicompartmental OA(Kellgren–Laurence grade ≥ III) and underwent UKA between October 2012 and November 2006. The patients were followed at 3, 6,and 12 mo and every 2 years thereafter. During each follow-up, the radiographic materials, the range of motion of knee and hospital for special surgery(HSS)score, knee society score and knee function score as recorded, and the modes and time of failure and revision details were collected as well.RESULTS Data on 104 patients(118 knees), including 54 patients(60 knees) in the arthroscopy combined with UKA group(group A) and 51(58 knees) in UKA alone group(group B) were collected during an average follow-up duration of 7.25 years, excluding the cases who were lost to follow-up. At the final follow-up,3(5.0%) of 60 knees in group A compared with 4(6.9%) of 58 knees in group B failed and converted to total knee arthroplasty, with no statistically significant difference between the two groups(P = 0.933). The percentage of patients receiving blood transfusion was 40% in group A, significantly lower than that in group B(67.2%;P = 0.003). Total volume of blood transfusion in group A was also significantly lower than that of group B(P = 0.001). Both groups improved significantly after operation in clinical symptoms and functions. HSS score, knee society score, and knee function score increased significantly at the latest followup compared to pre-operation in group A, from 59.6 ± 10.9 to 82.7 ± 9.3(mean difference [MD], 23.2;95%CI: 19.3-27.0;P = 0.000), 47.3 ± 6.3 to 76.2 ± 13.1(MD,28.9;95%CI: 25.1-32.7;P = 0.000), and 57.5 ± 6.3 to 75.1 ± 19.6(MD, 17.5;95% CI:12.1-23.0;P = 0.000);and in group B, from 59.3 ± 15.6 to 84.3 ± 10.1(MD, 23.7;95%CI: 18.9-28.5;P = 0.000), 49.1 ± 9.2 to 75.1 ± 13.2(MD, 24.7;95%CI: 19.9-29.5;P= 0.000), and 59.3 ± 9.0 to 77.4 ± 13.8(MD, 17.2;95%CI: 12.8-21.6;P = 0.000).CONCLUSION Arthroscopy combined with UKA and UKA alone both provide benefits in clinical symptom improvement and alignment correction. Arthroscopy combined with UKA does not increase the infection probability and surgical complications,and has an advantage in reducing the total volume of blood transfusion and the percentage of patients receiving blood transfusion.展开更多
Retraction to:Asian Journal of Andrology 2020;20(4):409-13.Doi:10.4103/aja.aja_89_19.During our recent research,we found that some results showed contradiction to the results in our previous article mentioned above.We...Retraction to:Asian Journal of Andrology 2020;20(4):409-13.Doi:10.4103/aja.aja_89_19.During our recent research,we found that some results showed contradiction to the results in our previous article mentioned above.We carried out a detailed investigation and re-checked the original data of Figure 2 and 3.Unfortunately,the original pathological data have not been properly archived;thus,we are unable to investigate this issue.Considering those conclusions are inconsistent with our current research,which may mislead readers,we decide to retract this article.All authors have approved the retraction of this article and deeply apologize for any confusion it may have caused.展开更多
A simple and efficient Knoevenagel condensation between a b-unsaturated aldehydes and active methylene compounds is reported.Notably,this condensation can be catalyzed by PPL（lipase from porcine pancreas） with satis...A simple and efficient Knoevenagel condensation between a b-unsaturated aldehydes and active methylene compounds is reported.Notably,this condensation can be catalyzed by PPL（lipase from porcine pancreas） with satisfied yields（49%–92%）.Moreover,PPL induces moderate Z/E selectivity in the Knoevenagel condensation.展开更多
In response to spinal surgery,neurons secrete a large amount of substance P into the epidural area.Substance P is involved in macrophage differentiation and fibrotic disease.However,the specific roles and mechanisms o...In response to spinal surgery,neurons secrete a large amount of substance P into the epidural area.Substance P is involved in macrophage differentiation and fibrotic disease.However,the specific roles and mechanisms of substance P in epidural fibrosis remain unclear.In this study,we established a mouse model of L1–L3 laminectomy and found that dorsal root ganglion neurons and the macrophages infiltrating into the wound area released sphingolipids.In vitro experiments revealed that type 1 macrophages secreted substance P,which promoted differentiation of type 1 macrophages towards a type 2 phenotype.High-throughput mRNA-seq analysis revealed that the sphingolipid metabolic pathway may be involved in the regulation of type 2 macrophages by substance P.Specifically,sphingomyelin synthase 2,a component of the sphingolipid metabolic pathway,promoted M2 differentiation in substance P-treated macrophages,while treating the macrophages with LY93,a sphingomyelin synthase 2 inhibitor,suppressed M2 differentiation.In addition,substance P promoted the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps,which further boosted M2 differentiation.Blocking substance P with the neurokinin receptor 1 inhibitor RP67580 decreased the number of M2 macrophages in the wound area after spinal surgery and alleviated epidural fibrosis,as evidenced by decreased fibronectin,α-smooth muscle actin,and collagen I in the scar tissue.These results demonstrated that substance P promotes M2 macrophage differentiation in epidural fibrosis via sphingomyelin synthase 2 and neutrophil extracellular traps.These findings provide a novel strategy for the treatment of epidural fibrosis.展开更多
This study conducts a comparative analysis between detached eddy simulation(DES)and Unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(URANS)models for simulating pressure fluctuations in a stilling basin,aiming to assess the U...This study conducts a comparative analysis between detached eddy simulation(DES)and Unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(URANS)models for simulating pressure fluctuations in a stilling basin,aiming to assess the URANS mode’s performance in modeling pressure fluctuation.The URANS model predicts accurately a smoother flow field and its time-average pressure,yet it underestimates the root mean square of pressure(RMSP)fluctuation,achieving approximately 70%of the results predicted by DES model on the bottom floor of the stilling basin.Compared with DES model’s results,which are in alignment with the Kolmogorov−5/3 law,the URANS model significantly overestimates low-frequency pulsations,particularly those below 0.1 Hz.We further propose a novel method for estimating the RMSP in the stilling basin using URANS model results,based on the establishment of a quantitative relationship between the RMSP,time-averaged pressure,and turbulent kinetic energy in the boundary layer.The proposed method closely aligns with DES results,showing a mere 15%error level.These findings offer vital insights for selecting appropriate turbulence models in hydraulic engineering and provide a valuable tool for engineers to estimate pressure fluctuation in stilling basins.展开更多
Background West Nile virus(WNV),the most widely distributed flavivirus causing encephalitis globally,is a vector-borne pathogen of global importance.The changing climate is poised to reshape the landscape of various i...Background West Nile virus(WNV),the most widely distributed flavivirus causing encephalitis globally,is a vector-borne pathogen of global importance.The changing climate is poised to reshape the landscape of various infectious diseases,particularly vector-borne ones like WNV.Understanding the anticipated geographical and range shifts in disease transmission due to climate change,alongside effective adaptation strategies,is critical for mitigating future public health impacts.This scoping review aims to consolidate evidence on the impact of climate change on WNV and to identify a spectrum of applicable adaptation strategies.Main body We systematically analyzed research articles from PubMed,Web of Science,Scopus,and EBSCOhost.Our criteria included English-language research articles published between 2007 and 2023,focusing on the impacts of climate change on WNV and related adaptation strategies.We extracted data concerning study objectives,populations,geographical focus,and specific findings.Literature was categorized into two primary themes:1)climate-WNV associations,and 2)climate change impacts on WNV transmission,providing a clear understanding.Out of 2168 articles reviewed,120 met our criteria.Most evidence originated from North America(59.2%)and Europe(28.3%),with a primary focus on human cases(31.7%).Studies on climate-WNV correlations(n=83)highlighted temperature(67.5%)as a pivotal climate factor.In the analysis of climate change impacts on WNV(n=37),most evidence suggested that climate change may affect the transmission and distribution of WNV,with the extent of the impact depending on local and regional conditions.Although few studies directly addressed the implementation of adaptation strategies for climate-induced disease transmission,the proposed strategies(n=49)fell into six categories:1)surveillance and monitoring(38.8%),2)predictive modeling(18.4%),3)cross-disciplinary collaboration(16.3%),4)environmental management(12.2%),5)public education(8.2%),and 6)health system readiness(6.1%).Additionally,we developed an accessible online platform to summarize the evidence on climate change impacts on WNV transmission(https://2xzl2o-neaop.shinyapps.io/WNVScopingReview/).Conclusions This review reveals that climate change may affect the transmission and distribution of WNV,but the literature reflects only a small share of the global WNV dynamics.There is an urgent need for adaptive responses to anticipate and respond to the climate-driven spread of WNV.Nevertheless,studies focusing on these adaptation responses are sparse compared to those examining the impacts of climate change.Further research on the impacts of climate change and adaptation strategies for vector-borne diseases,along with more comprehensive evidence synthesis,is needed to inform effective policy responses tailored to local contexts.展开更多
Background:The potential benefit of arthroscopic surgery for osteoarthritic knee associated with medial meniscus tear is controversial.This study was conducted to determine the effect of pre-operative medial meniscus ...Background:The potential benefit of arthroscopic surgery for osteoarthritic knee associated with medial meniscus tear is controversial.This study was conducted to determine the effect of pre-operative medial meniscus extrusion(MME)on arthroscopic surgery outcomes in the osteoarthritic knee associated with medial meniscus tear during a minimum 4-year follow-up.Methods:This was a retrospective review of a total of 131 patients diagnosed with osteoarthritic knee associated with medial symptomatic degenerative meniscus tear who underwent arthroscopic surgery from January 2012 to December 2014 and were observed for more than 4 years.Patients were classified into two groups:MME≥3mm(major MME group,n=54)and MME<3mm(non-major MME group,n=77).Clinical assessments,including the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index(WOMAC)score,and radiographic assessments,including the Kellgren-Lawrence(K-L)grade and medial joint space width(JSW),were evaluated pre-operatively and at final follow-up.The longitudinal changes of clinical and radiographic parameters(WOMAC and the medial JSW change,K-L grade progression)were compared between groups unadjusted and adjusted for age,sex,and body mass index.Four-year survival rates(without progression to knee replacement[KR])were also evaluated using a log-rank test and Cox proportional hazard regression model.Results:Major MME was present in 41%of patients.After a minimum 4-year follow-up,the mean WOMAC total and pain scores improved significantly in both groups.However,the medial JSW and K-L grade worsened significantly.Patients with pre-operative majorMMEworsened more inWOMACtotal(adjusted mean difference[MD]3.800,95%confidence interval[CI]:0.900,11.400;P=0.037)and function(adjusted MD 3.100,95%CI:0.700,6.300;P=0.038)scores than patients with pre-operative non-major MME,and no significant difference was observed inWOMACpain and stiffness score between groups.The group with majorMME had significantly higher joint space narrowing(adjusted MD 0.630,95%CI: 1.250, 0.100;P=0.021)and K-L rate progression(adjusted mean relative risk[RR]1.310,95%CI:1.100,1.600;P=0.038)than the group with non-major MME.There was a significantly more KR progression in patients with major MME compared with those with non-major MME(adjusted RR 3.100,95%CI:1.100,9.200;P=0.042 and adjusted hazard ratio 3.500,95%CI 1.100,9.500;P=0.022).Conclusions:Osteoarthritic knee patients associated with medial meniscus tear with non-major MME are more responsive to arthroscopic surgery in terms of the clinical and radiologic outcomes and survival for at least 4-year follow-up;however,in terms of pain relief,arthroscopic surgery in patients with major MME is also beneficial as well as in patients with non-major MME.展开更多
INTRODUCTION Granular cell tumor （GCT） of neurohypophysis was first reported by Boyce and Beadles in 1983.Iu In 2016 WHO classification of central nervous system （CNS） tumors, GCT of neurohypophysis was defined as...INTRODUCTION Granular cell tumor （GCT） of neurohypophysis was first reported by Boyce and Beadles in 1983.Iu In 2016 WHO classification of central nervous system （CNS） tumors, GCT of neurohypophysis was defined as a distinct diagnosis.121 Here, we reported two cases of GCT of neurohypophysis misdiagnosed as pituitary adenoma and craniopharyngioma. One of the cases was a very rare fully described neurohypophysial GCT which invaded into the right cavernous sinus [Figure 1a and 1b], indicating that the benign tumor might possess aggressive features.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,No.BK20221280the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82371336+2 种基金the Chinese Postdoctoral Science Foundation,No.2022M711426the Special Fund for Social Key Research and Development Plan of Yangzhou City,No.YZ2022097Yangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Bureau,No.YZ2024091 and No.YZ2022098.
文摘BACKGROUND Sepsis-associated liver injury(SALI)refers to secondary liver function impairment caused by sepsis,patients with SALI often have worse clinical outcomes.The early identification and assessment of the occurrence and progression of SALI are pressing issues that urgently need to be resolved.AIM To investigate the relationship between iron metabolism and SALI.METHODS In this prospective study,139 patients were recruited,with 53 assigned to the SALI group.The relationships between SALI and various iron metabolism-related biomarkers were examined.These biomarkers included serum iron(SI),total iron-binding capacity(TIBC),serum ferritin,transferrin,and transferrin saturation.To identify independent risk factors for SALI,both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed.Additionally,receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was utilized to assess the predictive value of these biomarkers for the occurrence of SALI.RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences in age,sex,body mass index,Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores(excluding liver function),or APACHE II scores between the two groups of patients.Compared with the sepsis group,the SALI group presented significantly higher SI(P<0.001),TIBC(P<0.001),serum ferritin(P=0.001),transferrin(P=0.005),and transferrin saturation levels(P<0.001).Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that SI(odds ratio=1.24,95%confidence interval:1.11-1.40,P<0.001)and TIBC levels(odds ratio=1.13,95%confidence interval:1.05-1.21,P<0.001)were independent predictors of SALI.Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that SI and TIBC had areas under the curve of 0.816 and 0.757,respectively,indicating moderate predictive accuracy for SALI.CONCLUSION Iron metabolism disorders are closely associated with the development of SALI,and SI and TIBC may serve as potential predictive biomarkers.The combined use of SI and TIBC has superior diagnostic efficacy for SALI.These findings provide valuable insights for the early identification and management of SALI among patients with sepsis.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31771161, 81720108013, 81230025, 81200859 and 81801096)Key Project of Nature Science Foundation of Jiangsu Education Department (17KJA320005)+4 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20171159)the Qing-Lan Project of Jiangsu, the Six Talent Summit Project of Jiangsuthe 333 High-level Personnel Training Project of Jiangsuthe Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, the Jiangsu Provincial Special Program of Medical Science (BL2014029)the Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (KYCX19–2241 and KYCX20_2449), China。
文摘Mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic(DA) neurons have been implicated in regulating nociception in chronic pain, yet the mechanisms are barely understood. Here, we found that chronic constructive injury(CCI) in mice increased the firing activity and decreased the KCNQ channel-mediated M-currents in ventral tegmental area(VTA) DA neurons projecting to the nucleus accumbens(NAc). Chemogenetic inhibition of the VTA-to-NAc DA neurons alleviated CCI-induced thermal nociception.Opposite changes in the firing activity and M-currents were recorded in VTA DA neurons projecting to the medial prefrontal cortex(mPFC) but did not affect nociception. In addition, intra-VTA injection of retigabine, a KCNQ opener, while reversing the changes of the VTA-to-NAc DA neurons, alleviated CCI-induced nociception, and this was abolished by injecting exogenous BDNF into the NAc.Taken together, these findings highlight a vital role of KCNQ channel-mediated modulation of mesolimbic DA activity in regulating thermal nociception in the chronic pain state.
基金This work was financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province of China(No.E2018203254)the Scientific Research Program of Hebei Province Education Department,China(No.ZD2019013).
文摘The dilatometric curves of B1500HS high-strength steel at different heating rates were measured by a Gleeble-3800 thermal simulator and analyzed to investigate the effect of heating rate on austenitization.Results show that the value of starting temperature and ending temperature of austenite transformation increase with the rise of heating rates,whereas the temperature interval of austenite formation decreases.The kinetic equation of austenite transformation was solved using the Johnson–Mehl–Avrami model,and the related parameters of the equation were analyzed by the Kissinger method.For those calculations,the activation energy of austenite transformation is 1.01×10^6 J/mol,and the values of kinetic parameters n and ln k0 are 0.63 and 103.03,respectively.The relationship between the volume fraction of austenite and the heating time at different heating rates could be predicted using the kinetic equation.The predicted and experimental results were compared to verify the accuracy of the kinetic equation.The microstructure etched by different corrosive solutions was analyzed,and the reliability of kinetic equation was further verified from the microscopic perspective.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81873830)the Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health Science Technology Development Plan(No.2016WS0423)+1 种基金the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.ZR2016HB32 and No.ZR2017BH036)the Shandong Provincial Key Research Program(No.2017GSF218071,No.2018GSF118083,and No.2018GSF118142).
文摘Autophagy and apoptosis have been regarded as important processes in the development of diabetic erectile dysfunction(DMED).Probucol is considered to have anti-apoptotic effects,but its relationship with autophagy has not been reported.The aim of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of probucol on erectile function.Thirty Sprague–Dawley(SD)male rats(12 weeks old)were fasted for 12 h.Twenty SD rats were injected with a single intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg kg−1 streptozotocin(STZ).Ten rats were given vehicle only and used as a sham group.After 72 h,20 STZ-treated rats with random blood glucose concentrations consistently greater than 16.7 mmol l^−1 were used as successfully established diabetic rats.The diabetic rats were divided randomly into two groups and treated with a daily gavage of probucol at a dose of 0 or 500 mg kg^−1 for 12 weeks.After treatment,the intracavernous pressure(ICP)was used to measure erectile function upon electrical stimulation of the cavernous nerve.After euthanasia,penile tissue was examined using immunohistochemistry and Western blot to assess the protein levels of B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2),BCL2-associated X(Bax),microtubule-associated protein light chain 3-II(LC3-II),mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR),and sequestosome 1(P62).Caspase-3 activity was measured to determine apoptosis using a caspase-3 assay kit.After 12 weeks of treatment,the erectile function of the probucol group was significantly better than that of the DM group(P<0.05).Bax and LC3-II protein expression and caspase-3 activity were significantly lower in the probucol group than those in the DM group(all P<0.05),while Bcl-2,mTOR,and P62 protein expression levels were significantly higher than those in the DM group(all P<0.05).We demonstrated that probucol inhibited apoptosis and autophagy in STZ-induced diabetic rats.
文摘BACKGROUND Knee osteoarthritis is the most prevalent form of osteoarthritis and is becoming the main reason for progressive pain in knee joints. Arthroscopy combined with unicondylar knee arthroplasty(UKA) is one of the effective methods for the treatment of severe unicompartmental knee arthritis. This surgical approach gives us the capacity to explore all the articular cavities and plays a vital role in UKA patient selection. However, some scholars think that the surgical procedure is traumatic and may increase the rate of surgical infection, and its clinical efficacy needs further study.AIM To compare the clinical effect of arthroscopy combined with UKA and UKA alone for patients suffering from unicompartmental osteoarthritis(OA).METHODS A retrospective study was conducted on patients who were diagnosed with unicompartmental OA(Kellgren–Laurence grade ≥ III) and underwent UKA between October 2012 and November 2006. The patients were followed at 3, 6,and 12 mo and every 2 years thereafter. During each follow-up, the radiographic materials, the range of motion of knee and hospital for special surgery(HSS)score, knee society score and knee function score as recorded, and the modes and time of failure and revision details were collected as well.RESULTS Data on 104 patients(118 knees), including 54 patients(60 knees) in the arthroscopy combined with UKA group(group A) and 51(58 knees) in UKA alone group(group B) were collected during an average follow-up duration of 7.25 years, excluding the cases who were lost to follow-up. At the final follow-up,3(5.0%) of 60 knees in group A compared with 4(6.9%) of 58 knees in group B failed and converted to total knee arthroplasty, with no statistically significant difference between the two groups(P = 0.933). The percentage of patients receiving blood transfusion was 40% in group A, significantly lower than that in group B(67.2%;P = 0.003). Total volume of blood transfusion in group A was also significantly lower than that of group B(P = 0.001). Both groups improved significantly after operation in clinical symptoms and functions. HSS score, knee society score, and knee function score increased significantly at the latest followup compared to pre-operation in group A, from 59.6 ± 10.9 to 82.7 ± 9.3(mean difference [MD], 23.2;95%CI: 19.3-27.0;P = 0.000), 47.3 ± 6.3 to 76.2 ± 13.1(MD,28.9;95%CI: 25.1-32.7;P = 0.000), and 57.5 ± 6.3 to 75.1 ± 19.6(MD, 17.5;95% CI:12.1-23.0;P = 0.000);and in group B, from 59.3 ± 15.6 to 84.3 ± 10.1(MD, 23.7;95%CI: 18.9-28.5;P = 0.000), 49.1 ± 9.2 to 75.1 ± 13.2(MD, 24.7;95%CI: 19.9-29.5;P= 0.000), and 59.3 ± 9.0 to 77.4 ± 13.8(MD, 17.2;95%CI: 12.8-21.6;P = 0.000).CONCLUSION Arthroscopy combined with UKA and UKA alone both provide benefits in clinical symptom improvement and alignment correction. Arthroscopy combined with UKA does not increase the infection probability and surgical complications,and has an advantage in reducing the total volume of blood transfusion and the percentage of patients receiving blood transfusion.
文摘Retraction to:Asian Journal of Andrology 2020;20(4):409-13.Doi:10.4103/aja.aja_89_19.During our recent research,we found that some results showed contradiction to the results in our previous article mentioned above.We carried out a detailed investigation and re-checked the original data of Figure 2 and 3.Unfortunately,the original pathological data have not been properly archived;thus,we are unable to investigate this issue.Considering those conclusions are inconsistent with our current research,which may mislead readers,we decide to retract this article.All authors have approved the retraction of this article and deeply apologize for any confusion it may have caused.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21172093, 31070708, and 21072075)the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province of China (Nos. 201115039 and 20140101141JC)the Scientific Research Fund of Jilin University (No. 450060326007)
文摘A simple and efficient Knoevenagel condensation between a b-unsaturated aldehydes and active methylene compounds is reported.Notably,this condensation can be catalyzed by PPL（lipase from porcine pancreas） with satisfied yields（49%–92%）.Moreover,PPL induces moderate Z/E selectivity in the Knoevenagel condensation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82172486(to JL),82171738(to MSZ),81671563(to MSZ)Jiangsu Provincial Commission of Health and Family Planning,No.JSWST-028(to JL)+1 种基金"Six One"Project of Jiangsu Province,No.LGY2016018(to JL)Jiangsu Provincial Personnel Department"the Great of Six Talented Man Peak"Project,No.WSW-040(to JL)。
文摘In response to spinal surgery,neurons secrete a large amount of substance P into the epidural area.Substance P is involved in macrophage differentiation and fibrotic disease.However,the specific roles and mechanisms of substance P in epidural fibrosis remain unclear.In this study,we established a mouse model of L1–L3 laminectomy and found that dorsal root ganglion neurons and the macrophages infiltrating into the wound area released sphingolipids.In vitro experiments revealed that type 1 macrophages secreted substance P,which promoted differentiation of type 1 macrophages towards a type 2 phenotype.High-throughput mRNA-seq analysis revealed that the sphingolipid metabolic pathway may be involved in the regulation of type 2 macrophages by substance P.Specifically,sphingomyelin synthase 2,a component of the sphingolipid metabolic pathway,promoted M2 differentiation in substance P-treated macrophages,while treating the macrophages with LY93,a sphingomyelin synthase 2 inhibitor,suppressed M2 differentiation.In addition,substance P promoted the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps,which further boosted M2 differentiation.Blocking substance P with the neurokinin receptor 1 inhibitor RP67580 decreased the number of M2 macrophages in the wound area after spinal surgery and alleviated epidural fibrosis,as evidenced by decreased fibronectin,α-smooth muscle actin,and collagen I in the scar tissue.These results demonstrated that substance P promotes M2 macrophage differentiation in epidural fibrosis via sphingomyelin synthase 2 and neutrophil extracellular traps.These findings provide a novel strategy for the treatment of epidural fibrosis.
基金Project supported by the Key Research and Development Plan Project of China(Grant No.2022YFC3204602)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U21A20157).
文摘This study conducts a comparative analysis between detached eddy simulation(DES)and Unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(URANS)models for simulating pressure fluctuations in a stilling basin,aiming to assess the URANS mode’s performance in modeling pressure fluctuation.The URANS model predicts accurately a smoother flow field and its time-average pressure,yet it underestimates the root mean square of pressure(RMSP)fluctuation,achieving approximately 70%of the results predicted by DES model on the bottom floor of the stilling basin.Compared with DES model’s results,which are in alignment with the Kolmogorov−5/3 law,the URANS model significantly overestimates low-frequency pulsations,particularly those below 0.1 Hz.We further propose a novel method for estimating the RMSP in the stilling basin using URANS model results,based on the establishment of a quantitative relationship between the RMSP,time-averaged pressure,and turbulent kinetic energy in the boundary layer.The proposed method closely aligns with DES results,showing a mere 15%error level.These findings offer vital insights for selecting appropriate turbulence models in hydraulic engineering and provide a valuable tool for engineers to estimate pressure fluctuation in stilling basins.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31802217)
文摘Background West Nile virus(WNV),the most widely distributed flavivirus causing encephalitis globally,is a vector-borne pathogen of global importance.The changing climate is poised to reshape the landscape of various infectious diseases,particularly vector-borne ones like WNV.Understanding the anticipated geographical and range shifts in disease transmission due to climate change,alongside effective adaptation strategies,is critical for mitigating future public health impacts.This scoping review aims to consolidate evidence on the impact of climate change on WNV and to identify a spectrum of applicable adaptation strategies.Main body We systematically analyzed research articles from PubMed,Web of Science,Scopus,and EBSCOhost.Our criteria included English-language research articles published between 2007 and 2023,focusing on the impacts of climate change on WNV and related adaptation strategies.We extracted data concerning study objectives,populations,geographical focus,and specific findings.Literature was categorized into two primary themes:1)climate-WNV associations,and 2)climate change impacts on WNV transmission,providing a clear understanding.Out of 2168 articles reviewed,120 met our criteria.Most evidence originated from North America(59.2%)and Europe(28.3%),with a primary focus on human cases(31.7%).Studies on climate-WNV correlations(n=83)highlighted temperature(67.5%)as a pivotal climate factor.In the analysis of climate change impacts on WNV(n=37),most evidence suggested that climate change may affect the transmission and distribution of WNV,with the extent of the impact depending on local and regional conditions.Although few studies directly addressed the implementation of adaptation strategies for climate-induced disease transmission,the proposed strategies(n=49)fell into six categories:1)surveillance and monitoring(38.8%),2)predictive modeling(18.4%),3)cross-disciplinary collaboration(16.3%),4)environmental management(12.2%),5)public education(8.2%),and 6)health system readiness(6.1%).Additionally,we developed an accessible online platform to summarize the evidence on climate change impacts on WNV transmission(https://2xzl2o-neaop.shinyapps.io/WNVScopingReview/).Conclusions This review reveals that climate change may affect the transmission and distribution of WNV,but the literature reflects only a small share of the global WNV dynamics.There is an urgent need for adaptive responses to anticipate and respond to the climate-driven spread of WNV.Nevertheless,studies focusing on these adaptation responses are sparse compared to those examining the impacts of climate change.Further research on the impacts of climate change and adaptation strategies for vector-borne diseases,along with more comprehensive evidence synthesis,is needed to inform effective policy responses tailored to local contexts.
基金This study was supported by a grant from the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.7191010).
文摘Background:The potential benefit of arthroscopic surgery for osteoarthritic knee associated with medial meniscus tear is controversial.This study was conducted to determine the effect of pre-operative medial meniscus extrusion(MME)on arthroscopic surgery outcomes in the osteoarthritic knee associated with medial meniscus tear during a minimum 4-year follow-up.Methods:This was a retrospective review of a total of 131 patients diagnosed with osteoarthritic knee associated with medial symptomatic degenerative meniscus tear who underwent arthroscopic surgery from January 2012 to December 2014 and were observed for more than 4 years.Patients were classified into two groups:MME≥3mm(major MME group,n=54)and MME<3mm(non-major MME group,n=77).Clinical assessments,including the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index(WOMAC)score,and radiographic assessments,including the Kellgren-Lawrence(K-L)grade and medial joint space width(JSW),were evaluated pre-operatively and at final follow-up.The longitudinal changes of clinical and radiographic parameters(WOMAC and the medial JSW change,K-L grade progression)were compared between groups unadjusted and adjusted for age,sex,and body mass index.Four-year survival rates(without progression to knee replacement[KR])were also evaluated using a log-rank test and Cox proportional hazard regression model.Results:Major MME was present in 41%of patients.After a minimum 4-year follow-up,the mean WOMAC total and pain scores improved significantly in both groups.However,the medial JSW and K-L grade worsened significantly.Patients with pre-operative majorMMEworsened more inWOMACtotal(adjusted mean difference[MD]3.800,95%confidence interval[CI]:0.900,11.400;P=0.037)and function(adjusted MD 3.100,95%CI:0.700,6.300;P=0.038)scores than patients with pre-operative non-major MME,and no significant difference was observed inWOMACpain and stiffness score between groups.The group with majorMME had significantly higher joint space narrowing(adjusted MD 0.630,95%CI: 1.250, 0.100;P=0.021)and K-L rate progression(adjusted mean relative risk[RR]1.310,95%CI:1.100,1.600;P=0.038)than the group with non-major MME.There was a significantly more KR progression in patients with major MME compared with those with non-major MME(adjusted RR 3.100,95%CI:1.100,9.200;P=0.042 and adjusted hazard ratio 3.500,95%CI 1.100,9.500;P=0.022).Conclusions:Osteoarthritic knee patients associated with medial meniscus tear with non-major MME are more responsive to arthroscopic surgery in terms of the clinical and radiologic outcomes and survival for at least 4-year follow-up;however,in terms of pain relief,arthroscopic surgery in patients with major MME is also beneficial as well as in patients with non-major MME.
文摘INTRODUCTION Granular cell tumor （GCT） of neurohypophysis was first reported by Boyce and Beadles in 1983.Iu In 2016 WHO classification of central nervous system （CNS） tumors, GCT of neurohypophysis was defined as a distinct diagnosis.121 Here, we reported two cases of GCT of neurohypophysis misdiagnosed as pituitary adenoma and craniopharyngioma. One of the cases was a very rare fully described neurohypophysial GCT which invaded into the right cavernous sinus [Figure 1a and 1b], indicating that the benign tumor might possess aggressive features.
