Exploring earth-abundant,highly effective,and stable electrocatalysts for overall water and urea electrolysis is urgent and essential for developing hydrogen energy technology.Herein,a simple interface engineering is ...Exploring earth-abundant,highly effective,and stable electrocatalysts for overall water and urea electrolysis is urgent and essential for developing hydrogen energy technology.Herein,a simple interface engineering is used to fabricate an amorphous/crystalline Rh(OH)_(3)/NiMoO_(4)electrocatalyst.It exhibits an impressive trifunctional catalyst,with low overpotentials of 414 and 150 mV at500 mA cm^(-2)for the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),and with a low voltage of 1.457 V for urea oxidation reaction(UOR)at 500 mA cm^(-2).The outstanding OER,HER,and UOR activities are attributed to the unique amorphous/crystalline heterostructure of Rh(OH)_(3)/NiMoO_(4),which possesses special hydrophilic features that accelerate mass transfer and provide abundant exposed active sites and appropriate defects.In situ Raman spectra reveal that the incorporation of amorphous Rh(OH)_(3)facilitates the catalyst reconstruction.The two-electrode electrolyzer needs cell voltages of only 1.93 and 1.59 V to achieve a current density of500 mA cm^(-2)and remarkable durability for more than50 h at 500 mA cm^(-2)for overall water and urea-as sis ted splitting.This work provides a new idea for using amorphous/crystalline heterostructure to design electrocatalysts for overall water and urea electrolysis at industrial current densities.展开更多
BACKGROUND Multiple sites of metastasis and desmoplastic reactions in the stroma are key features of human pancreatic cancer(PC).There are currently no simple and reliable animal models that can mimic these features f...BACKGROUND Multiple sites of metastasis and desmoplastic reactions in the stroma are key features of human pancreatic cancer(PC).There are currently no simple and reliable animal models that can mimic these features for accurate disease modeling.AIM To create a new xenograft animal model that can faithfully recapitulate the features of human PC.METHODS Interleukin 2 receptor subunit gamma(IL2RG)gene knockout Syrian hamster was created and characterized.A panel of human PC cell lines were transplanted into IL2RG knockout Syrian hamsters and severe immune-deficient mice subcutaneously or orthotopically.Tumor growth,local invasion,remote organ metastasis,histopathology,and molecular alterations of tumor cells and stroma were compared over time.RESULTS The Syrian hamster with IL2RG gene knockout(named ZZU001)demonstrated an immune-deficient phenotype and function.ZZU001 hamsters faithfully recapitulated most features of human PC,in particular,they developed metastasis at multiple sites.PC tissues derived from ZZU001 hamsters displayed desmoplastic reactions in the stroma and epithelial to mesenchymal transition phenotypes,whereas PC tissues derived from immune-deficient mice did not present such features.CONCLUSION ZZU001 hamsters engrafted with human PC cells are a superior animal model compared to immune-deficient mice.ZZU001 hamsters can be a valuable animal model for better understanding the molecular mechanism of tumorigenesis and metastasis and the evaluation of new drugs targeting human PC.展开更多
SnTe has received considerable attention as an environmentally friendly alternative to the representative thermoelectric material of PbTe.However,excessive hole carrier concentration in SnTe results in an extremely lo...SnTe has received considerable attention as an environmentally friendly alternative to the representative thermoelectric material of PbTe.However,excessive hole carrier concentration in SnTe results in an extremely low Seebeck coefficient and high thermal conductivity,which makes it exhibit relatively inferior thermoelectric properties.In this work,the thermoelectric performance of p-type SnTe is enhanced through regulating its energy band structures and reducing its electronic thermal conductivity by combining Bi doping with CdSe alloying.First,the carrier concentration of SnTe is successfully suppressed via Bi doping,which significantly decreases the electronic thermal conductivity.Then,the convergence and flattening of the valence bands by alloying CdSe effectively improves the effective mass of SnTe while restraining its carrier mobility.Finally,a maximum figure of merit(ZT) of~ 0.87 at 823 K and an average ZT of~ 0.51 at 300-823 K have been achieved in Sn_(0.96)Bi_(0.04)Te-5%CdSe.Our results indicate that decreasing the electronic thermal conductivity is an effective means of improving the performance of thermoelectric materials with a high carrier concentration.展开更多
Nitric oxide(NO)participates in various pathways and revealing its dynamics is critical for resolving its pathophysiology.While there are methods available for detecting biological NO,few are capable of tracking NO dy...Nitric oxide(NO)participates in various pathways and revealing its dynamics is critical for resolving its pathophysiology.While there are methods available for detecting biological NO,few are capable of tracking NO dynamics.Herein,inspired by the cellular machinery of reversible thiol modification by NO,we have successfully designed a family of cysteine analogues tagged with fluorophores for visualizing cellular NO dynamics.展开更多
基金financially supported by Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(No.202101AU070183)the Young Talent Project of the“Xing Dian Talent Support Program”of Yunnan Province(No.KKXX202452057)+1 种基金Yunnan Major Scientific and Technology Projects(No.202202AG050017-02)the National College Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(No.202410674112)
文摘Exploring earth-abundant,highly effective,and stable electrocatalysts for overall water and urea electrolysis is urgent and essential for developing hydrogen energy technology.Herein,a simple interface engineering is used to fabricate an amorphous/crystalline Rh(OH)_(3)/NiMoO_(4)electrocatalyst.It exhibits an impressive trifunctional catalyst,with low overpotentials of 414 and 150 mV at500 mA cm^(-2)for the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),and with a low voltage of 1.457 V for urea oxidation reaction(UOR)at 500 mA cm^(-2).The outstanding OER,HER,and UOR activities are attributed to the unique amorphous/crystalline heterostructure of Rh(OH)_(3)/NiMoO_(4),which possesses special hydrophilic features that accelerate mass transfer and provide abundant exposed active sites and appropriate defects.In situ Raman spectra reveal that the incorporation of amorphous Rh(OH)_(3)facilitates the catalyst reconstruction.The two-electrode electrolyzer needs cell voltages of only 1.93 and 1.59 V to achieve a current density of500 mA cm^(-2)and remarkable durability for more than50 h at 500 mA cm^(-2)for overall water and urea-as sis ted splitting.This work provides a new idea for using amorphous/crystalline heterostructure to design electrocatalysts for overall water and urea electrolysis at industrial current densities.
基金Supported by the National Key R and D Program of China,No.2016YFE0200800Nature Sciences Foundation of China,No.81771776+1 种基金Nature Sciences Foundation of China,No.U1704282Medical Research of Council,No.MR/M015696/1.
文摘BACKGROUND Multiple sites of metastasis and desmoplastic reactions in the stroma are key features of human pancreatic cancer(PC).There are currently no simple and reliable animal models that can mimic these features for accurate disease modeling.AIM To create a new xenograft animal model that can faithfully recapitulate the features of human PC.METHODS Interleukin 2 receptor subunit gamma(IL2RG)gene knockout Syrian hamster was created and characterized.A panel of human PC cell lines were transplanted into IL2RG knockout Syrian hamsters and severe immune-deficient mice subcutaneously or orthotopically.Tumor growth,local invasion,remote organ metastasis,histopathology,and molecular alterations of tumor cells and stroma were compared over time.RESULTS The Syrian hamster with IL2RG gene knockout(named ZZU001)demonstrated an immune-deficient phenotype and function.ZZU001 hamsters faithfully recapitulated most features of human PC,in particular,they developed metastasis at multiple sites.PC tissues derived from ZZU001 hamsters displayed desmoplastic reactions in the stroma and epithelial to mesenchymal transition phenotypes,whereas PC tissues derived from immune-deficient mice did not present such features.CONCLUSION ZZU001 hamsters engrafted with human PC cells are a superior animal model compared to immune-deficient mice.ZZU001 hamsters can be a valuable animal model for better understanding the molecular mechanism of tumorigenesis and metastasis and the evaluation of new drugs targeting human PC.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.52102234 and 51972094)the High-level Talents Research Initiation Project of Hebei University (No.521000981421)Hebei Province Introduced Overseas Student Funding Project (No.C20210313)。
文摘SnTe has received considerable attention as an environmentally friendly alternative to the representative thermoelectric material of PbTe.However,excessive hole carrier concentration in SnTe results in an extremely low Seebeck coefficient and high thermal conductivity,which makes it exhibit relatively inferior thermoelectric properties.In this work,the thermoelectric performance of p-type SnTe is enhanced through regulating its energy band structures and reducing its electronic thermal conductivity by combining Bi doping with CdSe alloying.First,the carrier concentration of SnTe is successfully suppressed via Bi doping,which significantly decreases the electronic thermal conductivity.Then,the convergence and flattening of the valence bands by alloying CdSe effectively improves the effective mass of SnTe while restraining its carrier mobility.Finally,a maximum figure of merit(ZT) of~ 0.87 at 823 K and an average ZT of~ 0.51 at 300-823 K have been achieved in Sn_(0.96)Bi_(0.04)Te-5%CdSe.Our results indicate that decreasing the electronic thermal conductivity is an effective means of improving the performance of thermoelectric materials with a high carrier concentration.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundations of China(nos.22077112,21778048,81673489,31871414,and 81125023)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China(no.LR18H300001)National Science and Technology Major Project“Key New Drug Creation and Manufacturing Program”(nos.2018ZX09711002-010-004,2018ZX09711002-007-002,2019ZX09201001-003-009,2019ZX09201001-003-010,and 2019ZX09201001-004-010),K.C.Wong Education Foundation,and Singapore University of Technology and Design(SUTD)[SUTD-ZJU IDEA grant nos.T1SRCI17126 and SUTD-ZJU(VP)201905].
文摘Nitric oxide(NO)participates in various pathways and revealing its dynamics is critical for resolving its pathophysiology.While there are methods available for detecting biological NO,few are capable of tracking NO dynamics.Herein,inspired by the cellular machinery of reversible thiol modification by NO,we have successfully designed a family of cysteine analogues tagged with fluorophores for visualizing cellular NO dynamics.
