Recent studies have shown that fibrotic scar formation following cerebral ischemic injury has varying effects depending on the microenvironment.However,little is known about how fibrosis is induced and regulated after...Recent studies have shown that fibrotic scar formation following cerebral ischemic injury has varying effects depending on the microenvironment.However,little is known about how fibrosis is induced and regulated after cerebral ischemic injury.Sonic hedgehog signaling participates in fibrosis in the heart,liver,lung,and kidney.Whether Shh signaling modulates fibrotic scar formation after cerebral ischemic stroke and the underlying mechanisms are unclear.In this study,we found that Sonic Hedgehog expression was upregulated in patients with acute ischemic stroke and in a middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion injury rat model.Both Sonic hedgehog and Mitofusin 2 showed increased expression in the middle cerebral artery occlusion rat model and in vitro fibrosis cell model induced by transforming growth factor-beta 1.Activation of the Sonic hedgehog signaling pathway enhanced the expression of phosphorylated Smad 3 and Mitofusin 2 proteins,promoted the formation of fibrotic scars,protected synapses or promoted synaptogenesis,alleviated neurological deficits following middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion injury,reduced cell apoptosis,facilitated the transformation of meninges fibroblasts into myofibroblasts,and enhanced the proliferation and migration of meninges fibroblasts.The Smad3 phosphorylation inhibitor SIS3 reversed the effects induced by Sonic hedgehog signaling pathway activation.Bioinformatics analysis revealed significant correlations between Sonic hedgehog and Smad3,between Sonic hedgehog and Mitofusin 2,and between Smad3 and Mitofusin 2.These findings suggest that Sonic hedgehog signaling may influence Mitofusin 2 expression by regulating Smad3 phosphorylation,thereby modulating the formation of early fibrotic scars following cerebral ischemic stroke and affecting prognosis.The Sonic Hedgehog signaling pathway may serve as a new therapeutic target for stroke treatment.展开更多
Small intestinal villi are essential for nutrient absorption,and their impairment can lead to malabsorption.Small intestinal villous atrophy(VA)encompasses a heterogeneous group of disorders,including immune-mediated ...Small intestinal villi are essential for nutrient absorption,and their impairment can lead to malabsorption.Small intestinal villous atrophy(VA)encompasses a heterogeneous group of disorders,including immune-mediated conditions(e.g.,celiac disease,autoimmune enteropathy,inborn errors of immunity),lymphoproliferative disorders(e.g.,enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma),infectious causes(e.g.,tropical sprue,Whipple’s disease),iatrogenic factors(e.g.,Olmesartanassociated enteropathy,graft-vs-host disease),as well as inflammatory and idiopathic types.These disorders are often rare and challenging to distinguish due to overlapping clinical,serological,endoscopic,and histopathological features.Through a systematic literature search using keywords such as small intestinal VA,malabsorption,and specific enteropathies,this review provides a comprehensive overview of diagnostic clues for VA and malabsorption.We systematically summarize the pathological characteristics of each condition to assist pathologists and clinicians in accurately identifying the underlying etiologies.Current studies still have many limitations and lack broader and deeper investigations into these diseases.Therefore,future research should focus on the development of novel diagnostic tools,predictive models,therapeutic targets,and mechanistic molecular studies to refine both diagnosis and management strategies.展开更多
BACKGROUND：As the regulators of cytokines, suppressors of cytokine signaling （SOCS） play an important role in the inflammation reaction. Some studies found that SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 were involved in the pathogenesis o...BACKGROUND：As the regulators of cytokines, suppressors of cytokine signaling （SOCS） play an important role in the inflammation reaction. Some studies found that SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 were involved in the pathogenesis of some inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease. But the expressions of SOCS in coronary heart disease have not yet been reported. This study aimed to investigate the expression and clinical significance of SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 in the myocardium of patients with sudden cardiac death （SCD）.METHODS： Myocardial autopsy specimens were collected from 24 patients at the Forensic Medicine Department of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China between 2005 and 2006. Of them, 9 patients had autopsy findings consistent with coronary atherosclerosis （non-myocardial infarction） leading to SCD （non-MI group）, 7 died of acute myocardial infaction （MI group）, and 8 died from traffic accidents and trauma （control group）. The expressions of SOCS-1 mRNA and SOCS-3 mRNA in the myocardium of the non-MI, MI and control groups were detected using RT-PCR. The levels of SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 proteins were detected using immunohistochemistry. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 13.0 sottware and the data were analyzed by ANOVA.RESULTS： The expressions of SOCS-1 mRNA and SOCS-3 mRNA in the non-MI and MI groups were significantly higher than those in the control group[（0.788±0.101）, （0.741±0.111） vs. （0.436±0.044）, （P〈0.01）; （0.841±0.092）, （0.776±0.070） vs. （0.454±0.076）, （P〈0.01）] respectively. The antibody-positive cells of SOCS-1 protein in the myocardium of the non-MI and MI groups were significantly higher than those in the myocardium of the control group[（320.00±48.48）, （347.14±70.88） vs. （42.50±10.35）, （P〈0.01）] respectively. The antibody-positive cells of SOCS-3 protein in the myocardium of the non-MI and MI groups were significantly higher than those in the myocardium of the control group[（381.11 ±59.25） vs. （40.00±10.69）, （P〈0.01）] and[（332.86±111.91） vs. （40.00±10.69）, （P=0.001）].CONCLUSION： The expressions of SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 in the myocardium of patients with SCD from coronary heart disease are significantly increased and contribute to the pathogenesis of SCD.展开更多
γ neuromodulation has emerged as a promising strategy for addressing neurological and psychiatric disorders,particularly in regulating executive and cognitive functions.This review explores the latest neuromodulation...γ neuromodulation has emerged as a promising strategy for addressing neurological and psychiatric disorders,particularly in regulating executive and cognitive functions.This review explores the latest neuromodulation techniques,focusing on the critical role of γ oscillations in various brain disorders.Direct γ neuromodulation induces γ -frequency oscillations to synchronize disrupted brain networks,while indirect methods influence γ oscillations by modulating cortical excitability.We investigate how monitoring dynamic features of γ oscillations allows for detailed evaluations of neuromodulation effectiveness.By targeting γ oscillatory patterns and restoring healthy cross-frequency coupling,interventions may alleviate cognitive and behavioral symptoms linked to disrupted communication.This review examines clinical applications of γ neuromodulations,including enhancing cognitive function through 40 Hz multisensory stimulation in Alzheimer’s disease,improving motor function in Parkinson’s disease,controlling seizures in epilepsy,and modulating emotional dysfunctions in depression.Additionally,these neuromodulation strategies aim to regulate excitatory-inhibitory imbalances and restore γ synchrony across neurological and psychiatric disorders.The review highlights the potential of γ oscillations as biomarkers to boost restorative results in clinical applications of neuromodulation.Future studies might focus on integrating multimodal personalized protocols,artificial intelligence(AI)driven frameworks for neural decoding,and global multicenter collaborations to standardize and scale precision treatments across diverse disorders.展开更多
BACKGROUND Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction(CIPO)is a rare and debilitating disorder,characterized by severe impairments in gastrointestinal motility.The affected sites include the enteric/intrinsic autonomic ner...BACKGROUND Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction(CIPO)is a rare and debilitating disorder,characterized by severe impairments in gastrointestinal motility.The affected sites include the enteric/intrinsic autonomic nerves(neuropathy),intestinal smooth muscle cells(myopathy),and interstitial cells of Cajal(mesenchymopathy).The etiology can be genetic,idiopathic,or acquired.Owing to its nonspecific clinical presentation and lack of definitive diagnostic methods,misdiagnosis of CIPO is common.CASE SUMMARY This case involved an older male with insidious onset in adolescence who presented with postprandial bloating,intermittent diarrhea,and weight loss.During the disease course,the patient experienced two episodes of intestinal obstruction.Imaging revealed multisegmental digestive tract abnormalities(gastric emptying disorder,significant duodenal dilatation,and segmental jejunal dilatation).Whole-exome sequencing revealed a rare MYH11 mutation[NM_0010-40113.2:C.5819del(p.Pro1940HisfsTer91)],confirming hereditary myopathic CIPO.CONCLUSION This report adds to our current understanding of CIPO etiology by reinforcing the role of MYH11 variants in the pathogenesis of the CIPO phenotype.展开更多
Proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC)is a promising clean energy source,but its performance and stability are vulnerable to the negative effects of humidity conditions.The gas diffusion substrate(GDS)plays a pivot...Proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC)is a promising clean energy source,but its performance and stability are vulnerable to the negative effects of humidity conditions.The gas diffusion substrate(GDS)plays a pivotal role in regulating the moisture and gas transport.The single pore structure of traditionally designed GDS often leads to the pathway competition between moisture and gas,which effects the efficiency of fuel cells.In this study,we report on a hierarchical fibrous paper with tunable hierarchical pores for a sustainable GDS.This design offers gas permeability under wet conditions,by separating the gas pathway from the moisture pathway,thus mitigating their pathway competition.In addition,this paper forms a multi-scale scaffold that absorbs moisture under high humidity conditions and releases it under dry conditions.It is allowed to maintain an optimal internal humidity and further enhances the humidity adaptability.Furthermore,the carbon footprint is only 15.97%,significantly lower than commercial alternatives.This feature makes it a sustainable solution to stabilize PEMFCs under diverse humidity conditions.展开更多
Accurate quantification of exercise interventions and changes in muscle function is essential for personalized health management.Electrical impedance myography(EIM)technology offers an innovative,noninvasive,painless,...Accurate quantification of exercise interventions and changes in muscle function is essential for personalized health management.Electrical impedance myography(EIM)technology offers an innovative,noninvasive,painless,and easy-to-perform solution for muscle health monitoring.However,current EIM platforms face a number of limitations,including large device size,wired connections,and instability of the electrode-skin interface,which limit their applicability for monitoring mus-cle movement.In this study,a miniature wireless EIM platform with a user-friendly smartphone app is proposed and devel-oped.The miniature,wireless,multi-frequency(20 kHz-1 MHz)EIM platform is equipped with flexible microneedle array elec-trodes(MAE).The advantages of MAEs over conventional electrodes were demonstrated by physical field modeling simula-tions and skin-electrode contact impedance comparison tests.The smartphone APP was developed to wirelessly operate the EIM platform,and to transmit and process real-time muscle impedance data.To validate its effectiveness,a seven-day adaptive fatigue training study was conducted,which demonstrated that the EIM platform was able to detect muscle adaptations and serve as a reliable indicator of fatigue.This study presents an innovative approach to applying EIM technology to muscle health monitoring and exercise testing,thereby advancing the development of personalized health management and athletic performance assessment.展开更多
In order to study the axial compression characteristics of brick masonry historical buildings, and to better protect and repair traditional mortar-brick masonry historical buildings, axial compression tests were carri...In order to study the axial compression characteristics of brick masonry historical buildings, and to better protect and repair traditional mortar-brick masonry historical buildings, axial compression tests were carried out on three kinds of restored mortar (pure mud mortar, pure mortar, and mud mortar) brick masonry with restored mortar brick masonry as the object of study. The damage modes, axial compression chemical indexes (compressive strength and elastic modulus), load-displacement curves and stress-strain curves of the three kinds of restored mortar brick masonry were obtained. The experimental results show that the compressive strength of mud mortar brick masonry of 1.676 MPa is better than that of pure mud 1.530 MPa and pure mortar 1.471 MPa brick masonry, which is due to the difference in the bond effect between the restored mortar material and the brick block. According to the test results, the compressive strength formula of the restored mortar brick masonry was modified, and the reasons for the difference between the experimental value of the modulus of elasticity of the restored mortar brick masonry and that of the traditional formula and the measured value were compared and analyzed by a factor of 6.73–7.1. Referring to the axial-pressure ontological relationship of the conventional brick masonry, the 4-parameter segmental function expression was proposed for the characterization of the stress-strain relationship of the restored mortar brick masonry with the use of the stress-strain normalization process. The research results provide theoretical support for the inheritance and development of traditional mortar brick masonry historical architecture.展开更多
Colloidal molecules exhibit unique electronic,optical,and magnetic properties owing to their molecular-like configurations and coupling effects,making them promising building blocks for multifunctional materials.Howev...Colloidal molecules exhibit unique electronic,optical,and magnetic properties owing to their molecular-like configurations and coupling effects,making them promising building blocks for multifunctional materials.However,achieving precise and controllable assembly of isotropic nanoparticles with high yields remains a great challenge.In this study,we present a synergistic strategy that integrates molecular dynamics simulations with interpretable machine learning to develop a programmable assembly system based on block copolymers and DNA-functionalized nanoparticles.Our simulation results reveal that block copolymer modification facilitates stepwise control over surface phase separation and nanoparticle coassembly,thereby enhancing structural stability and efficiently suppressing disordered aggregation of atom-like nanoparticles.Furthermore,we demonstrated that precise,controllable,and programmable assembly of colloidal molecules can be achieved through rational DNA sequence design.SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP)analysis identified key structural descriptors that govern assembly outcomes and elucidated their underlying mechanistic roles.This work not only deepens the understanding of colloidal molecule assembly mechanisms but also lays a theoretical foundation for the rational design of functional colloidal architectures in nanomaterial science.展开更多
This editorial focuses on the recent article by Yang et al in the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology,which highlights the role of interlukin-17A in promoting hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)progression by up-regu...This editorial focuses on the recent article by Yang et al in the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology,which highlights the role of interlukin-17A in promoting hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)progression by up-regulated programmed cell death protein-1(PD-1)/programmed cell death protein ligand-1(PD-L1)expression.Previous,the high PD-1/PD-L1 level was due to hepatitis virus infection leading to systemic innate immune tolerance and cluster of differen-tiation 8+T cells exhaustion,ultimately leading to HCC.Recently,interesting studies have found that the malignant progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic/fatty liver disease(MASLD/MAFLD),that is former nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,was achieved by up-regulated PD-L1 level that was activated the cGAS-STING pathway under lipid accumulation with mito-chondrial DNA overflow and up-regulated PD-1/PD-L1 to promote MASLD malignant transformation via immune escape.These data suggested that PD-1 or PD-L1 should be a promising target for preventing or delaying non-viral liver disease malignant progression except of antiviral therapy for HCC.展开更多
Toxoplasma gondii(T.gondii)is a globally distributed parasite that can infect a diversity of warm-blooded animals,including swine and humans.Infection in swine poses a considerable threat to food safety and public hea...Toxoplasma gondii(T.gondii)is a globally distributed parasite that can infect a diversity of warm-blooded animals,including swine and humans.Infection in swine poses a considerable threat to food safety and public health.The aim of this meta-analysis was to estimate the seroprevalence of T.gondii infection in the swine population in China from 2000 to 2023 and to examine potential factors associated with infection.A total of 112 studies were included,collectively involving 145,152 swine samples originating from 26 provinces.The pooled seroprevalence was 26.0%(95%CI:23.3%–28.7%).Stratified analysis based on diagnostic methods revealed that studies using the indirect hemagglutination assay(IHA)reported a seroprevalence of 19.7%(95%CI:17.2%–22.2%),whereas those utilizing the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)reported a higher seroprevalence of 35.5%(95%CI:29.1%–41.8%).Geographical analysis indicated higher seroprevalence in the South Central and Southwest regions,whereas the East and Northwest areas reported the lowest seroprevalence.Chongqing Province reported the highest seroprevalence,reaching 44.9%(95%CI:43.4%–46.0%),followed by Xinjiang,Hainan,and Guizhou,whereas the lowest was observed in Shandong Province(3.5%,95%CI:1.7%–6.1%).These findings provide important epidemiological evidence that can inform strategies for the prevention and control of T.gondii infection in swine populations,with a focus on high-risk populations and geographical areas.This imperative contributes substantially to the improvement of both food safety and public health.展开更多
Despite the well-established functions of neurotransmitters and their receptors in depression studies,the aetiology of depression remains unknown.Further research into the field of animal studies is required in order ...Despite the well-established functions of neurotransmitters and their receptors in depression studies,the aetiology of depression remains unknown.Further research into the field of animal studies is required in order to facilitate a more comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms that contribute to the development of depression.While the potential of animal behaviour to elucidate the molecular underpinnings of depression remains to be elucidated,the establishment of animal models can facilitate the identification of analogous pathogenic pathways through the application of rigorous methodologies.Animal models that are suitable for simulating the illness state of human depression can be utilised to investigate the pathophysiology of depression and the development of novel antidepressant medications.Currently,there is an absence of an optimal animal model that can fully replicate the pathogenic pathways of human depression,which limits future research in this field.It is evident that stress constitutes the primary catalyst for the onset of depressive states,a phenomenon that has been observed in both human and animal subjects.From this standpoint,animal models of stress-induced depression should be better equipped to simulate the onset process of human depression.This study offers a comprehensive summary and analysis of the most frequently employed rodent models of depression,with a view to providing a more diverse range of models and resources for animal studies in the field of depression research.展开更多
Background:Pulmonary fibrosis(PF)is a refractory disease with limited treatment options.This study investigates the potential anti-PF effects of the herbal formula Yiqi Huatan Sanjie(YQHTSJ)administered via nebulized ...Background:Pulmonary fibrosis(PF)is a refractory disease with limited treatment options.This study investigates the potential anti-PF effects of the herbal formula Yiqi Huatan Sanjie(YQHTSJ)administered via nebulized inhalation,exploring its underlying mechanisms.Methods:The anti-fibrotic properties of nebulized YQHTSJ were assessed using a bleomycin(BLM)-induced PF mouse model.RNA sequencing identified differentially expressed genes(DEGs),and subsequent gene enrichment analysis,along with transcription factor(TF)prediction,revealed YQHTSJ-regulated DEGs.Active components and targets of YQHTSJ were retrieved from the HERB database,leading to the identification of key TFs interacting with DEGs.Quercetin,a constituent of YQHTSJ,was evaluated for its effects on transforming growth factor-β1-induced myofibroblast activation and BLM-induced PF.The direct binding interaction between quercetin and the key TF Jun proto-oncogene(JUN)was confirmed through molecular docking studies and the cellular thermal shift assay(CETSA)experiments.Results:Nebulized YQHTSJ was found to significantly inhibit PF and inflammation in the mouse model.RNA sequencing identified 135 DEGs regulated by YQHTSJ,and 27 key TFs associated with these DEGs were predicted.Among YQHTSJ’s potential targets,41 were identified as TFs,with six-JUN,Fos proto-oncogene,MYC proto-oncogene,RELA proto-oncogene,nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1,and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha-recognized as key TFs targeted by YQHTSJ.Molecular docking and CETSA experiments confirmed that quercetin directly targets JUN protein and inhibits its phosphorylation,thereby contributing to the suppression of myofibroblast activation and PF.Conclusion:The potential mechanisms of YQHTSJ and its component quercetin in combating PF may involve the regulation of critical TFs like JUN and the suppression of pathogenic gene expression.展开更多
Objective Human brucellosis is a serious public health concern in the Xilingol League,Inner Mongolia;however,the epidemic trends are unclear.Method In this study,Joinpoint regression analysis and spatiotemporal analys...Objective Human brucellosis is a serious public health concern in the Xilingol League,Inner Mongolia;however,the epidemic trends are unclear.Method In this study,Joinpoint regression analysis and spatiotemporal analysis were applied to investigate the epidemic evolution of human brucellosis.Result From 2004 to 2023,a total of 35,747 cases were reported,with an annual average of 1787.35cases and an annual average incidence rate of 176.04/100,000.The incidence increased from 173.96/100,000 in 2004 to 500.71/100,000 in 2009 and fluctuated to 61.43/100,000 in 2023.Three epidemic join points were observed in which the disease experienced an alternative rise and fall,peaking in 2009(APC=21.73,P>0.001)and 2020(APC=21.51,P>0.001).The disease showed a persistent decline trend in lentitude(AAPC=–5.30,P>0.001),suggesting challenges in disease control and a higher risk of rebound.The most cases were reported in Xilinhot City(n=4,777),followed by 4,391 in Sonid Left Banner,and 4,324 in Abaga Banner.Spatiotemporal analysis revealed two high clusters(CI and CII)from 2005 to 2012,the high cluster encompassing eight counties and shifting from north to south.Conclusion The present analysis highlights that human brucellosis has decreased significantly in the Xilingol League,but the epidemic is still severe;further implementation of a strict control program is necessary.展开更多
A new dimensionless number is proposed for dynamic plastic deformation analysis of clamped circular plates under underwater explosion loads by introducing dimensional analysis method to the basic dynamical governing e...A new dimensionless number is proposed for dynamic plastic deformation analysis of clamped circular plates under underwater explosion loads by introducing dimensional analysis method to the basic dynamical governing equations of circular plates.The relation between dimensionless final plastic deformation of circular plates and the new dimensionless number is established based on massive underwater explosion test data.Meanwhile,comparative analysis was discussed with two other published dimensionless parameters which indicated the new dimensionless number proposed in this paper is more effective and extensive to predict the dynamic plastic response of circular plates under underwater explosion condition.展开更多
This research explores the characteristics of boiling in inclined pipes,a domain of great importance in engineering.Employing an experimental visualization technique,the boiling dynamics of deionizedwater are examined...This research explores the characteristics of boiling in inclined pipes,a domain of great importance in engineering.Employing an experimental visualization technique,the boiling dynamics of deionizedwater are examined at varying inclination angles,paying special attention to the emerging flow patterns.The findings demonstrate that the inclination angle significantly impacts flow pattern transitions within the 0°to 90°range.As the heat flux rises,bubbles form in the liquid.The liquid’s inertia extends the bubble-wall contact time,thereby delaying the onset of bulk bubble flow.Beyond a 90°inclination,however,the patterning behavior is more influenced by the fluid velocity.At low speeds,incomplete pipe filling results in a large liquid plug hindering flow,while high speeds lead to full pipe filling.In general,gravity,inertia,buoyancy forces,and capillary forces are themain influential factors in the considered problem.However,an analysis of the heat transfer coefficient and boiling curve for different inclination angles reveals that the observed variations are essentially due to corresponding changes in the flow pattern.Finally,an optimal mass flux and inclination angle,able to minimize total entropy generation and improve heat transfer efficiency,are determined by means of an entropy generation analysis.展开更多
<div style="text-align:justify;"> A test method and system for AI industrial application capabilities of smart terminals. The method includes the following steps: According to the temperature change va...<div style="text-align:justify;"> A test method and system for AI industrial application capabilities of smart terminals. The method includes the following steps: According to the temperature change values of different AI industrial applications executed by standard smart terminal equipment under different equipment parameters, the equipment parameters and temperature changes of standard smart terminal equipment are constructed. Correlation model;obtain the device parameters of the smart terminal device to be tested, and obtain the predicted value of the temperature change of the smart terminal device to be tested based on the correlation model between the device parameters of the standard smart terminal device and the temperature change;Measure the actual value of the temperature change of the intelligent terminal device executing different AI industrial applications;obtain the test result of the intelligent terminal device to be tested according to the predicted value of the temperature change and the actual value of the temperature change. </div>展开更多
Recently, approaches utilizing spatial-temporal features to form Bag-of-Words （BoWs） models have achieved great success due to their simplicity and effectiveness. But they still have difficulties when distinguishing...Recently, approaches utilizing spatial-temporal features to form Bag-of-Words （BoWs） models have achieved great success due to their simplicity and effectiveness. But they still have difficulties when distinguishing between actions with high inter-ambiguity. The main reason is that they describe actions by orderless bag of features, and ignore the spatial and temporal structure information of visual words. In order to improve classification performance, we present a novel approach called sequential Bag-of-Words. It captures temporal sequential structure by segmenting the entire action into sub-actions. Meanwhile, we pay more attention to the distinguishing parts of an action by classifying sub- actions separately, which is then employed to vote for the final result. Extensive experiments are conducted on challenging datasets and real scenes to evaluate our method. Concretely, we compare our results to some state-of-the-art classification approaches and confirm the advantages of our approach to distinguish similar actions. Results show that our approach is robust and outperforms most existing BoWs based classification approaches, especially on complex datasets with interactive activities, cluttered backgrounds and inter-class action ambiguities.展开更多
Path planning in changing environments with difficult regions, such as narrow passages and obstacle boundaries, creates significant chal- lenges. As the obstacles in W-space move frequently, the crowd degree of C-spac...Path planning in changing environments with difficult regions, such as narrow passages and obstacle boundaries, creates significant chal- lenges. As the obstacles in W-space move frequently, the crowd degree of C-space changes accordingly. Therefore, in order to dynamically improve the sampling quality, it is appreciated for a planner to rapidly approximate the crowd degree of different parts of the C-space, and boost sample densities with them based on their difficulty levels. In this paper, a novel approach called Adaptive Region Boosting （ARB） is proposed to increase the sampling density for difficult areas with different strategies. What＇s more, a new criterion, called biased entropy, is proposed to evaluate the difficult degree of a region. The new criterion takes into account both temporal and spatial information of a specific C-space region, in order to make a thorough assessment to a local area. Three groups of experiments are conducted based on a dual-manipulator system with 12 DoFs. Experimental results indicate that ARB effectively improves the success rate and outperforms all the other related methods in various dynamical scenarios.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82171456(to QY)and 81971229(to QY)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,Nos.CSTC2021JCYJ-MSXMX0263(to QY)and CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX1015(to XL)Doctoral Innovation Project of The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University,Nos.CYYY-BSYJSCXXM-202318(to JW)and CYYY-BSYJSCXXM-202327(to HT).
文摘Recent studies have shown that fibrotic scar formation following cerebral ischemic injury has varying effects depending on the microenvironment.However,little is known about how fibrosis is induced and regulated after cerebral ischemic injury.Sonic hedgehog signaling participates in fibrosis in the heart,liver,lung,and kidney.Whether Shh signaling modulates fibrotic scar formation after cerebral ischemic stroke and the underlying mechanisms are unclear.In this study,we found that Sonic Hedgehog expression was upregulated in patients with acute ischemic stroke and in a middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion injury rat model.Both Sonic hedgehog and Mitofusin 2 showed increased expression in the middle cerebral artery occlusion rat model and in vitro fibrosis cell model induced by transforming growth factor-beta 1.Activation of the Sonic hedgehog signaling pathway enhanced the expression of phosphorylated Smad 3 and Mitofusin 2 proteins,promoted the formation of fibrotic scars,protected synapses or promoted synaptogenesis,alleviated neurological deficits following middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion injury,reduced cell apoptosis,facilitated the transformation of meninges fibroblasts into myofibroblasts,and enhanced the proliferation and migration of meninges fibroblasts.The Smad3 phosphorylation inhibitor SIS3 reversed the effects induced by Sonic hedgehog signaling pathway activation.Bioinformatics analysis revealed significant correlations between Sonic hedgehog and Smad3,between Sonic hedgehog and Mitofusin 2,and between Smad3 and Mitofusin 2.These findings suggest that Sonic hedgehog signaling may influence Mitofusin 2 expression by regulating Smad3 phosphorylation,thereby modulating the formation of early fibrotic scars following cerebral ischemic stroke and affecting prognosis.The Sonic Hedgehog signaling pathway may serve as a new therapeutic target for stroke treatment.
基金Supported by National High-Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding,No.2022-PUMCH-B-022,and No.2022-PUMCH-D-002CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences,No.CIFMS 2021-1-I2M-003Undergraduate Innovation Program,No.2024dcxm025.
文摘Small intestinal villi are essential for nutrient absorption,and their impairment can lead to malabsorption.Small intestinal villous atrophy(VA)encompasses a heterogeneous group of disorders,including immune-mediated conditions(e.g.,celiac disease,autoimmune enteropathy,inborn errors of immunity),lymphoproliferative disorders(e.g.,enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma),infectious causes(e.g.,tropical sprue,Whipple’s disease),iatrogenic factors(e.g.,Olmesartanassociated enteropathy,graft-vs-host disease),as well as inflammatory and idiopathic types.These disorders are often rare and challenging to distinguish due to overlapping clinical,serological,endoscopic,and histopathological features.Through a systematic literature search using keywords such as small intestinal VA,malabsorption,and specific enteropathies,this review provides a comprehensive overview of diagnostic clues for VA and malabsorption.We systematically summarize the pathological characteristics of each condition to assist pathologists and clinicians in accurately identifying the underlying etiologies.Current studies still have many limitations and lack broader and deeper investigations into these diseases.Therefore,future research should focus on the development of novel diagnostic tools,predictive models,therapeutic targets,and mechanistic molecular studies to refine both diagnosis and management strategies.
文摘BACKGROUND：As the regulators of cytokines, suppressors of cytokine signaling （SOCS） play an important role in the inflammation reaction. Some studies found that SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 were involved in the pathogenesis of some inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease. But the expressions of SOCS in coronary heart disease have not yet been reported. This study aimed to investigate the expression and clinical significance of SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 in the myocardium of patients with sudden cardiac death （SCD）.METHODS： Myocardial autopsy specimens were collected from 24 patients at the Forensic Medicine Department of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China between 2005 and 2006. Of them, 9 patients had autopsy findings consistent with coronary atherosclerosis （non-myocardial infarction） leading to SCD （non-MI group）, 7 died of acute myocardial infaction （MI group）, and 8 died from traffic accidents and trauma （control group）. The expressions of SOCS-1 mRNA and SOCS-3 mRNA in the myocardium of the non-MI, MI and control groups were detected using RT-PCR. The levels of SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 proteins were detected using immunohistochemistry. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 13.0 sottware and the data were analyzed by ANOVA.RESULTS： The expressions of SOCS-1 mRNA and SOCS-3 mRNA in the non-MI and MI groups were significantly higher than those in the control group[（0.788±0.101）, （0.741±0.111） vs. （0.436±0.044）, （P〈0.01）; （0.841±0.092）, （0.776±0.070） vs. （0.454±0.076）, （P〈0.01）] respectively. The antibody-positive cells of SOCS-1 protein in the myocardium of the non-MI and MI groups were significantly higher than those in the myocardium of the control group[（320.00±48.48）, （347.14±70.88） vs. （42.50±10.35）, （P〈0.01）] respectively. The antibody-positive cells of SOCS-3 protein in the myocardium of the non-MI and MI groups were significantly higher than those in the myocardium of the control group[（381.11 ±59.25） vs. （40.00±10.69）, （P〈0.01）] and[（332.86±111.91） vs. （40.00±10.69）, （P=0.001）].CONCLUSION： The expressions of SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 in the myocardium of patients with SCD from coronary heart disease are significantly increased and contribute to the pathogenesis of SCD.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82401829)the Leading Innovative and Entrepreneur Team Introduction Program of Zhejiang(2023R01002).
文摘γ neuromodulation has emerged as a promising strategy for addressing neurological and psychiatric disorders,particularly in regulating executive and cognitive functions.This review explores the latest neuromodulation techniques,focusing on the critical role of γ oscillations in various brain disorders.Direct γ neuromodulation induces γ -frequency oscillations to synchronize disrupted brain networks,while indirect methods influence γ oscillations by modulating cortical excitability.We investigate how monitoring dynamic features of γ oscillations allows for detailed evaluations of neuromodulation effectiveness.By targeting γ oscillatory patterns and restoring healthy cross-frequency coupling,interventions may alleviate cognitive and behavioral symptoms linked to disrupted communication.This review examines clinical applications of γ neuromodulations,including enhancing cognitive function through 40 Hz multisensory stimulation in Alzheimer’s disease,improving motor function in Parkinson’s disease,controlling seizures in epilepsy,and modulating emotional dysfunctions in depression.Additionally,these neuromodulation strategies aim to regulate excitatory-inhibitory imbalances and restore γ synchrony across neurological and psychiatric disorders.The review highlights the potential of γ oscillations as biomarkers to boost restorative results in clinical applications of neuromodulation.Future studies might focus on integrating multimodal personalized protocols,artificial intelligence(AI)driven frameworks for neural decoding,and global multicenter collaborations to standardize and scale precision treatments across diverse disorders.
基金Supported by The National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding,No.2022-PUMCH-B-129.
文摘BACKGROUND Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction(CIPO)is a rare and debilitating disorder,characterized by severe impairments in gastrointestinal motility.The affected sites include the enteric/intrinsic autonomic nerves(neuropathy),intestinal smooth muscle cells(myopathy),and interstitial cells of Cajal(mesenchymopathy).The etiology can be genetic,idiopathic,or acquired.Owing to its nonspecific clinical presentation and lack of definitive diagnostic methods,misdiagnosis of CIPO is common.CASE SUMMARY This case involved an older male with insidious onset in adolescence who presented with postprandial bloating,intermittent diarrhea,and weight loss.During the disease course,the patient experienced two episodes of intestinal obstruction.Imaging revealed multisegmental digestive tract abnormalities(gastric emptying disorder,significant duodenal dilatation,and segmental jejunal dilatation).Whole-exome sequencing revealed a rare MYH11 mutation[NM_0010-40113.2:C.5819del(p.Pro1940HisfsTer91)],confirming hereditary myopathic CIPO.CONCLUSION This report adds to our current understanding of CIPO etiology by reinforcing the role of MYH11 variants in the pathogenesis of the CIPO phenotype.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U23A6005,22208112,and 32171721)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22308109)+2 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2024A1515010678)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(SCUT:2023ZYGXZR045)the State Key Laboratory of Pulp&Paper Engineering(Nos.2023ZD01,2023C02).
文摘Proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC)is a promising clean energy source,but its performance and stability are vulnerable to the negative effects of humidity conditions.The gas diffusion substrate(GDS)plays a pivotal role in regulating the moisture and gas transport.The single pore structure of traditionally designed GDS often leads to the pathway competition between moisture and gas,which effects the efficiency of fuel cells.In this study,we report on a hierarchical fibrous paper with tunable hierarchical pores for a sustainable GDS.This design offers gas permeability under wet conditions,by separating the gas pathway from the moisture pathway,thus mitigating their pathway competition.In addition,this paper forms a multi-scale scaffold that absorbs moisture under high humidity conditions and releases it under dry conditions.It is allowed to maintain an optimal internal humidity and further enhances the humidity adaptability.Furthermore,the carbon footprint is only 15.97%,significantly lower than commercial alternatives.This feature makes it a sustainable solution to stabilize PEMFCs under diverse humidity conditions.
文摘Accurate quantification of exercise interventions and changes in muscle function is essential for personalized health management.Electrical impedance myography(EIM)technology offers an innovative,noninvasive,painless,and easy-to-perform solution for muscle health monitoring.However,current EIM platforms face a number of limitations,including large device size,wired connections,and instability of the electrode-skin interface,which limit their applicability for monitoring mus-cle movement.In this study,a miniature wireless EIM platform with a user-friendly smartphone app is proposed and devel-oped.The miniature,wireless,multi-frequency(20 kHz-1 MHz)EIM platform is equipped with flexible microneedle array elec-trodes(MAE).The advantages of MAEs over conventional electrodes were demonstrated by physical field modeling simula-tions and skin-electrode contact impedance comparison tests.The smartphone APP was developed to wirelessly operate the EIM platform,and to transmit and process real-time muscle impedance data.To validate its effectiveness,a seven-day adaptive fatigue training study was conducted,which demonstrated that the EIM platform was able to detect muscle adaptations and serve as a reliable indicator of fatigue.This study presents an innovative approach to applying EIM technology to muscle health monitoring and exercise testing,thereby advancing the development of personalized health management and athletic performance assessment.
基金funded by National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFC3803500).
文摘In order to study the axial compression characteristics of brick masonry historical buildings, and to better protect and repair traditional mortar-brick masonry historical buildings, axial compression tests were carried out on three kinds of restored mortar (pure mud mortar, pure mortar, and mud mortar) brick masonry with restored mortar brick masonry as the object of study. The damage modes, axial compression chemical indexes (compressive strength and elastic modulus), load-displacement curves and stress-strain curves of the three kinds of restored mortar brick masonry were obtained. The experimental results show that the compressive strength of mud mortar brick masonry of 1.676 MPa is better than that of pure mud 1.530 MPa and pure mortar 1.471 MPa brick masonry, which is due to the difference in the bond effect between the restored mortar material and the brick block. According to the test results, the compressive strength formula of the restored mortar brick masonry was modified, and the reasons for the difference between the experimental value of the modulus of elasticity of the restored mortar brick masonry and that of the traditional formula and the measured value were compared and analyzed by a factor of 6.73–7.1. Referring to the axial-pressure ontological relationship of the conventional brick masonry, the 4-parameter segmental function expression was proposed for the characterization of the stress-strain relationship of the restored mortar brick masonry with the use of the stress-strain normalization process. The research results provide theoretical support for the inheritance and development of traditional mortar brick masonry historical architecture.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.92477118 and 22173045)the Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(No.KYCX25_0188)。
文摘Colloidal molecules exhibit unique electronic,optical,and magnetic properties owing to their molecular-like configurations and coupling effects,making them promising building blocks for multifunctional materials.However,achieving precise and controllable assembly of isotropic nanoparticles with high yields remains a great challenge.In this study,we present a synergistic strategy that integrates molecular dynamics simulations with interpretable machine learning to develop a programmable assembly system based on block copolymers and DNA-functionalized nanoparticles.Our simulation results reveal that block copolymer modification facilitates stepwise control over surface phase separation and nanoparticle coassembly,thereby enhancing structural stability and efficiently suppressing disordered aggregation of atom-like nanoparticles.Furthermore,we demonstrated that precise,controllable,and programmable assembly of colloidal molecules can be achieved through rational DNA sequence design.SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP)analysis identified key structural descriptors that govern assembly outcomes and elucidated their underlying mechanistic roles.This work not only deepens the understanding of colloidal molecule assembly mechanisms but also lays a theoretical foundation for the rational design of functional colloidal architectures in nanomaterial science.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81673241 and No.32470985.
文摘This editorial focuses on the recent article by Yang et al in the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology,which highlights the role of interlukin-17A in promoting hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)progression by up-regulated programmed cell death protein-1(PD-1)/programmed cell death protein ligand-1(PD-L1)expression.Previous,the high PD-1/PD-L1 level was due to hepatitis virus infection leading to systemic innate immune tolerance and cluster of differen-tiation 8+T cells exhaustion,ultimately leading to HCC.Recently,interesting studies have found that the malignant progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic/fatty liver disease(MASLD/MAFLD),that is former nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,was achieved by up-regulated PD-L1 level that was activated the cGAS-STING pathway under lipid accumulation with mito-chondrial DNA overflow and up-regulated PD-1/PD-L1 to promote MASLD malignant transformation via immune escape.These data suggested that PD-1 or PD-L1 should be a promising target for preventing or delaying non-viral liver disease malignant progression except of antiviral therapy for HCC.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFE0114400).
文摘Toxoplasma gondii(T.gondii)is a globally distributed parasite that can infect a diversity of warm-blooded animals,including swine and humans.Infection in swine poses a considerable threat to food safety and public health.The aim of this meta-analysis was to estimate the seroprevalence of T.gondii infection in the swine population in China from 2000 to 2023 and to examine potential factors associated with infection.A total of 112 studies were included,collectively involving 145,152 swine samples originating from 26 provinces.The pooled seroprevalence was 26.0%(95%CI:23.3%–28.7%).Stratified analysis based on diagnostic methods revealed that studies using the indirect hemagglutination assay(IHA)reported a seroprevalence of 19.7%(95%CI:17.2%–22.2%),whereas those utilizing the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)reported a higher seroprevalence of 35.5%(95%CI:29.1%–41.8%).Geographical analysis indicated higher seroprevalence in the South Central and Southwest regions,whereas the East and Northwest areas reported the lowest seroprevalence.Chongqing Province reported the highest seroprevalence,reaching 44.9%(95%CI:43.4%–46.0%),followed by Xinjiang,Hainan,and Guizhou,whereas the lowest was observed in Shandong Province(3.5%,95%CI:1.7%–6.1%).These findings provide important epidemiological evidence that can inform strategies for the prevention and control of T.gondii infection in swine populations,with a focus on high-risk populations and geographical areas.This imperative contributes substantially to the improvement of both food safety and public health.
文摘Despite the well-established functions of neurotransmitters and their receptors in depression studies,the aetiology of depression remains unknown.Further research into the field of animal studies is required in order to facilitate a more comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms that contribute to the development of depression.While the potential of animal behaviour to elucidate the molecular underpinnings of depression remains to be elucidated,the establishment of animal models can facilitate the identification of analogous pathogenic pathways through the application of rigorous methodologies.Animal models that are suitable for simulating the illness state of human depression can be utilised to investigate the pathophysiology of depression and the development of novel antidepressant medications.Currently,there is an absence of an optimal animal model that can fully replicate the pathogenic pathways of human depression,which limits future research in this field.It is evident that stress constitutes the primary catalyst for the onset of depressive states,a phenomenon that has been observed in both human and animal subjects.From this standpoint,animal models of stress-induced depression should be better equipped to simulate the onset process of human depression.This study offers a comprehensive summary and analysis of the most frequently employed rodent models of depression,with a view to providing a more diverse range of models and resources for animal studies in the field of depression research.
基金supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation under Grant(2023A1515011243)National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant(82004141)+2 种基金Bao’an Traditional Chinese Medicine Development Foundation under Grant(2022KJCX-ZJZL-11)Science,Technology,and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality under Grant(JCYJ20190808160407500)Shenzhen Bao’an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Research Program under Grant(BAZYY20220701).
文摘Background:Pulmonary fibrosis(PF)is a refractory disease with limited treatment options.This study investigates the potential anti-PF effects of the herbal formula Yiqi Huatan Sanjie(YQHTSJ)administered via nebulized inhalation,exploring its underlying mechanisms.Methods:The anti-fibrotic properties of nebulized YQHTSJ were assessed using a bleomycin(BLM)-induced PF mouse model.RNA sequencing identified differentially expressed genes(DEGs),and subsequent gene enrichment analysis,along with transcription factor(TF)prediction,revealed YQHTSJ-regulated DEGs.Active components and targets of YQHTSJ were retrieved from the HERB database,leading to the identification of key TFs interacting with DEGs.Quercetin,a constituent of YQHTSJ,was evaluated for its effects on transforming growth factor-β1-induced myofibroblast activation and BLM-induced PF.The direct binding interaction between quercetin and the key TF Jun proto-oncogene(JUN)was confirmed through molecular docking studies and the cellular thermal shift assay(CETSA)experiments.Results:Nebulized YQHTSJ was found to significantly inhibit PF and inflammation in the mouse model.RNA sequencing identified 135 DEGs regulated by YQHTSJ,and 27 key TFs associated with these DEGs were predicted.Among YQHTSJ’s potential targets,41 were identified as TFs,with six-JUN,Fos proto-oncogene,MYC proto-oncogene,RELA proto-oncogene,nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1,and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha-recognized as key TFs targeted by YQHTSJ.Molecular docking and CETSA experiments confirmed that quercetin directly targets JUN protein and inhibits its phosphorylation,thereby contributing to the suppression of myofibroblast activation and PF.Conclusion:The potential mechanisms of YQHTSJ and its component quercetin in combating PF may involve the regulation of critical TFs like JUN and the suppression of pathogenic gene expression.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant number:2019YFC1200700[No.32095])National Natural Science Foundation of China(L2124006,Institute internal number:90100)Central Government-Guided Local Science and Technology Development Funding Projects(Grant number:2024ZY0053)。
文摘Objective Human brucellosis is a serious public health concern in the Xilingol League,Inner Mongolia;however,the epidemic trends are unclear.Method In this study,Joinpoint regression analysis and spatiotemporal analysis were applied to investigate the epidemic evolution of human brucellosis.Result From 2004 to 2023,a total of 35,747 cases were reported,with an annual average of 1787.35cases and an annual average incidence rate of 176.04/100,000.The incidence increased from 173.96/100,000 in 2004 to 500.71/100,000 in 2009 and fluctuated to 61.43/100,000 in 2023.Three epidemic join points were observed in which the disease experienced an alternative rise and fall,peaking in 2009(APC=21.73,P>0.001)and 2020(APC=21.51,P>0.001).The disease showed a persistent decline trend in lentitude(AAPC=–5.30,P>0.001),suggesting challenges in disease control and a higher risk of rebound.The most cases were reported in Xilinhot City(n=4,777),followed by 4,391 in Sonid Left Banner,and 4,324 in Abaga Banner.Spatiotemporal analysis revealed two high clusters(CI and CII)from 2005 to 2012,the high cluster encompassing eight counties and shifting from north to south.Conclusion The present analysis highlights that human brucellosis has decreased significantly in the Xilingol League,but the epidemic is still severe;further implementation of a strict control program is necessary.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12402444)。
文摘A new dimensionless number is proposed for dynamic plastic deformation analysis of clamped circular plates under underwater explosion loads by introducing dimensional analysis method to the basic dynamical governing equations of circular plates.The relation between dimensionless final plastic deformation of circular plates and the new dimensionless number is established based on massive underwater explosion test data.Meanwhile,comparative analysis was discussed with two other published dimensionless parameters which indicated the new dimensionless number proposed in this paper is more effective and extensive to predict the dynamic plastic response of circular plates under underwater explosion condition.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project No.52166004)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Project No.2022YFC3902000)the Major Science and Technology Special Project of Yunnan Province(Project Nos.202202AG050007,202202AG050002).
文摘This research explores the characteristics of boiling in inclined pipes,a domain of great importance in engineering.Employing an experimental visualization technique,the boiling dynamics of deionizedwater are examined at varying inclination angles,paying special attention to the emerging flow patterns.The findings demonstrate that the inclination angle significantly impacts flow pattern transitions within the 0°to 90°range.As the heat flux rises,bubbles form in the liquid.The liquid’s inertia extends the bubble-wall contact time,thereby delaying the onset of bulk bubble flow.Beyond a 90°inclination,however,the patterning behavior is more influenced by the fluid velocity.At low speeds,incomplete pipe filling results in a large liquid plug hindering flow,while high speeds lead to full pipe filling.In general,gravity,inertia,buoyancy forces,and capillary forces are themain influential factors in the considered problem.However,an analysis of the heat transfer coefficient and boiling curve for different inclination angles reveals that the observed variations are essentially due to corresponding changes in the flow pattern.Finally,an optimal mass flux and inclination angle,able to minimize total entropy generation and improve heat transfer efficiency,are determined by means of an entropy generation analysis.
文摘<div style="text-align:justify;"> A test method and system for AI industrial application capabilities of smart terminals. The method includes the following steps: According to the temperature change values of different AI industrial applications executed by standard smart terminal equipment under different equipment parameters, the equipment parameters and temperature changes of standard smart terminal equipment are constructed. Correlation model;obtain the device parameters of the smart terminal device to be tested, and obtain the predicted value of the temperature change of the smart terminal device to be tested based on the correlation model between the device parameters of the standard smart terminal device and the temperature change;Measure the actual value of the temperature change of the intelligent terminal device executing different AI industrial applications;obtain the test result of the intelligent terminal device to be tested according to the predicted value of the temperature change and the actual value of the temperature change. </div>
文摘Recently, approaches utilizing spatial-temporal features to form Bag-of-Words （BoWs） models have achieved great success due to their simplicity and effectiveness. But they still have difficulties when distinguishing between actions with high inter-ambiguity. The main reason is that they describe actions by orderless bag of features, and ignore the spatial and temporal structure information of visual words. In order to improve classification performance, we present a novel approach called sequential Bag-of-Words. It captures temporal sequential structure by segmenting the entire action into sub-actions. Meanwhile, we pay more attention to the distinguishing parts of an action by classifying sub- actions separately, which is then employed to vote for the final result. Extensive experiments are conducted on challenging datasets and real scenes to evaluate our method. Concretely, we compare our results to some state-of-the-art classification approaches and confirm the advantages of our approach to distinguish similar actions. Results show that our approach is robust and outperforms most existing BoWs based classification approaches, especially on complex datasets with interactive activities, cluttered backgrounds and inter-class action ambiguities.
文摘Path planning in changing environments with difficult regions, such as narrow passages and obstacle boundaries, creates significant chal- lenges. As the obstacles in W-space move frequently, the crowd degree of C-space changes accordingly. Therefore, in order to dynamically improve the sampling quality, it is appreciated for a planner to rapidly approximate the crowd degree of different parts of the C-space, and boost sample densities with them based on their difficulty levels. In this paper, a novel approach called Adaptive Region Boosting （ARB） is proposed to increase the sampling density for difficult areas with different strategies. What＇s more, a new criterion, called biased entropy, is proposed to evaluate the difficult degree of a region. The new criterion takes into account both temporal and spatial information of a specific C-space region, in order to make a thorough assessment to a local area. Three groups of experiments are conducted based on a dual-manipulator system with 12 DoFs. Experimental results indicate that ARB effectively improves the success rate and outperforms all the other related methods in various dynamical scenarios.
