Wu et al recently applied multi-region 16S rRNA sequencing to characterize the gastric cancer microbiome,demonstrating improved taxonomic resolution and detection sensitivity over conventional single-region approaches...Wu et al recently applied multi-region 16S rRNA sequencing to characterize the gastric cancer microbiome,demonstrating improved taxonomic resolution and detection sensitivity over conventional single-region approaches.While the study represents a valuable methodological step forward,it remains limited by singlecenter design,lack of quantitative calibration,and insufficient control for contamination and inter-laboratory variability.This editorial critically appraises these methodological gaps and emphasizes that future efforts must focus on harmonized,consensus-driven workflows to ensure reproducibility and clinical reliability.The translational potential of multi-region 16S lies in moving from descriptive microbial profiling to actionable clinical integration,particularly for recurrence prediction,treatment-response monitoring,and perioperative complication risk assessment.By addressing these methodological,economic,and ethical challenges,the field can advance toward evidence-based and clinically deployable microbiome-guided precision oncology.展开更多
AIM: To investigate whether the gene variants in MYOC and ABCA1 are associated with primary angle-closure glaucoma(PACG) and anterior chamber depth(ACD) and axial length(AL) in samples from northern China. METHODS: Th...AIM: To investigate whether the gene variants in MYOC and ABCA1 are associated with primary angle-closure glaucoma(PACG) and anterior chamber depth(ACD) and axial length(AL) in samples from northern China. METHODS: The present case-control association study consisted of 500 PACG patients and 720 unrelated controls. Each participant was genotyped for eleven single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) in MYOC and ABCA1 genes(rs12076134, rs183532, rs235875 and rs235913 in MYOC, rs2422493, rs2487042, rs2472496, rs2472493, rs2487032, rs2472459 and rs2472519 near ABCA1) using an improved multiplex ligation detection reaction(iMLDR) technique. The genetic association analyses were performed by PLINK using a logistic regression model. The association between genotypes and ocular biometric parameters was performed by SPSS using generalized estimation equation. Bonferroni corrections wereimplemented and the statistical power was calculated by the Power and Sample Size Calculation. RESULTS: Two SNPs rs183532 and rs235875 as well as a haplotype TTC in MYOC were nominally associated with PACG despite the significance was lost after Bonferroni correction. No association was observed between ABCA1 and PACG, neither did the association between these variants and ACD as well as AL. CONCLUSION: The present study suggests MYOC and ABCA1 do not play a part in the pathogenesis of PACG as well as the regulation of ocular biometric parameters in a northern Chinese population. Further investigations with large sample size are needed to verify this consequence.展开更多
Two landmark studies demonstrate synergistic approaches to gastrointestinal cancer management.Lin et al identified activin A receptor type 1C polymor-phisms(rs4556933/rs77886248)as esophageal squamous cell carcinoma r...Two landmark studies demonstrate synergistic approaches to gastrointestinal cancer management.Lin et al identified activin A receptor type 1C polymor-phisms(rs4556933/rs77886248)as esophageal squamous cell carcinoma risk modifiers in Chinese Han populations through a case-control study(1264 patients/1361 controls),revealing transforming growth factor-beta pathway-mediated susceptibility in older male smokers(P<0.001).Concurrently,Luo et al established imaging-based differentiation of pancreatic cancer subtypes(pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma vs neuroendocrine tumors)via retrospective analysis of 500 cases(area under the curve=0.89),enabling earlier intervention.These findings underscore the transformative potential of combining genetic risk stratification with advanced imaging to guide precision screening and therapeutic strategies,addressing critical gaps in esophageal and pancreatic cancer outcomes.展开更多
Using scanning electron microscopy, we investigated the distribution of the trichoid, basiconic, and coeloconic sensilla on the antennae of the diamondback moth （DBM;Plutella xylostella）. The trichoid sensilla were ...Using scanning electron microscopy, we investigated the distribution of the trichoid, basiconic, and coeloconic sensilla on the antennae of the diamondback moth （DBM;Plutella xylostella）. The trichoid sensilla were the most abundant sensory organ, and the male moth antennae host signiifcantly more trichoid sensilla than female moth antennae. Conversely, basiconic and coeloconic sensilla were found more frequently on female than on male antennae. We performed experiments with various degrees of antennal ablation and demonstrated that DBM antennae played a key role in the control of mating and oviposition. We found that neither oviposition preference nor mating behaviors changed signiifcantly when less than 1/4 of both antennae were removed. However, there was a signiifcant behavioral change when the antennae were ablated by more than half. As the length of the antenna was shortened, the successful mating rate decreased and mating peak was delayed. An otherwise consistent host preference for oviposition was eliminated when both antennae were completely removed. Furthermore, we found that the number of trichoid sensilla was positively correlated with mating rate and oviposition preference. However, the numbers of basiconic and coeloconic sensilla were not correlated with mating rate and mating peak, but highly correlated with oviposition preference. Taken together, our results indicate that antennal sensory information plays a critical role in the mating and oviposition behaviors of this economically important pest.展开更多
Oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction(OER) are the key reactions in numerous renewable energy devices. Unlike conventional powdered catalysts, self-supported catalysts are extensively employed i...Oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction(OER) are the key reactions in numerous renewable energy devices. Unlike conventional powdered catalysts, self-supported catalysts are extensively employed in oxygen electrocatalysis because of the enhanced electron-transfer rate, high specific surface area, and superior mechanical flexibility. Among the self-supported conductive substrates, carbon fiber usually exhibits several distinctive advantages, such as a straightforward preparation process, relatively low cost, good stability, and excellent conductivity. Against this background,carbon fiber-based self-supported electrocatalysts have been widely applied and studied in oxygen electrocatalysis, indicating a promising development direction in oxygen electrocatalyst research.Thus, it is essential to offer an overall summary of the research progress in this field to facilitate its subsequent development. Taking the regulatory mechanisms and modification methods as a starting point, this review comprehensively summarizes recent research on carbon fiber-based self-supported electrocatalysts in recent years. Firstly, a brief overview of the synthesis methods and regulatory mechanisms of carbon fiber-based self-supported electrocatalysts is given. Furthermore, the view also highlights the modification methods and research progress of self-supported electrocatalysts synthesized on carbon fiber-based substrates in recent years in terms of different dopant atoms. Finally, the prospects for the application of self-supported electrocatalysts based on carbon fiber in oxygen electrocatalysis and the possible future directions of their development are presented. This review summarizes recent developments and applications of self-supported bi-functional electrocatalysts with carbon fiber-based materials as the conducting substrate in oxygen electrocatalysis. It also lays a robust scientific foundation for the subsequent reasonable design of highly effective carbon fiber-based self-supported electrocatalysts.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the most common types of cancers worldwide,ranking fifth among men and seventh among women,resulting in more than 7 million deaths annually.With the development of med...BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the most common types of cancers worldwide,ranking fifth among men and seventh among women,resulting in more than 7 million deaths annually.With the development of medical tech-nology,the 5-year survival rate of HCC patients can be increased to 70%.How-ever,HCC patients are often at increased risk of cardiovascular disease(CVD)death due to exposure to potentially cardiotoxic treatments compared with non-HCC patients.Moreover,CVD and cancer have become major disease burdens worldwide.Thus,further research is needed to lessen the risk of CVD death in HCC patient survivors.METHODS This study was conducted on the basis of the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results database and included HCC patients with a diagnosis period from 2010 to 2015.The independent risk factors were identified using the Fine-Gray model.A nomograph was constructed to predict the CVM in HCC patients.The nomograph performance was measured using Harrell’s concordance index(C-index),calibration curve,receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve,and area under the ROC curve(AUC)value.Moreover,the net benefit was estimated via decision curve analysis(DCA).RESULTS The study included 21545 HCC patients,of whom 619 died of CVD.Age(<60)[1.981(1.573-2.496),P<0.001],marital status(married)[unmarried:1.370(1.076-1.745),P=0.011],alpha fetoprotein(normal)[0.778(0.640-0.946),P=0.012],tumor size(≤2 cm)[(2,5]cm:1.420(1.060-1.903),P=0.019;>5 cm:2.090(1.543-2.830),P<0.001],surgery(no)[0.376(0.297-0.476),P<0.001],and chemotherapy(none/unknown)[0.578(0.472-0.709),P<0.001]were independent risk factors for CVD death in HCC patients.The discrimination and calibration of the nomograph were better.The C-index values for the training and validation sets were 0.736 and 0.665,respectively.The AUC values of the ROC curves at 2,4,and 6 years were 0.702,0.725,0.740 in the training set and 0.697,0.710,0.744 in the validation set,respectively.The calibration curves showed that the predicted probab-ilities of the CVM prediction model in the training set vs the validation set were largely consistent with the actual probabilities.DCA demonstrated that the prediction model has a high net benefit.CONCLUSION Risk factors for CVD death in HCC patients were investigated for the first time.The nomograph served as an important reference tool for relevant clinical management decisions.展开更多
As nonlinearity is highly correlated with their geometric dimensions,precise fabrication of optical micro/nanofibers(MNFs)has been a longstanding pursuit.Existing MNFs fabrication systems typically adopt horizontal st...As nonlinearity is highly correlated with their geometric dimensions,precise fabrication of optical micro/nanofibers(MNFs)has been a longstanding pursuit.Existing MNFs fabrication systems typically adopt horizontal structures,which inherently introduce inaccuracy stem from asymmetry between fiber axis/geometry and chaotic environment due to high temperature airflow,vibration,etc.,leading to deviations from the expected fiber morphology,especially for complex-structured MNFs.Here,we propose and manufacture a MNFs fabrication systems,effectively reducing fiber shape deviations during the fabrication process,enabling the fabrication of precise MNFs.To demonstrate the capability of our system in manufacturing precise structure MNFs,we design and fabricate diameter-gradient microfibers with four cascaded structures over a length of approximately 120 mm and a minimum diameter of about 1μm for on-demand nonlinearity to generate supercontinuum spectrum.Eventually,we obtain supercontinuum spectrum covering 1463-1741 nm at the−10 dB level with an efficiency of 264.62 nm∕kW,exhibiting good flatness and enabling efficient spectral broadening.展开更多
The detection of single amino-acid variants （SAVs） usually depends on single-nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） database. Here, we describe a novel method that discovers SAVs at proteome level independent of SNPs dat...The detection of single amino-acid variants （SAVs） usually depends on single-nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） database. Here, we describe a novel method that discovers SAVs at proteome level independent of SNPs data. Using mass spectrometry-based de novo sequencing algorithm, peptide-candidates are identified and compared with theoretical protein database to generate SAVs under pairing strategy, which is followed by database re-searching to control false discovery rate. in human brain tissues, we can confidently identify known and novel protein variants with diverse origins. Combined with DNA/RNA sequencing, we verify SAVs derived from DNA mutations, RNA alternative splicing, and unknown post-transcriptional mechanisms. Furthermore, quantitative analysis in human brain tissues reveals several tissue-specific differential expressions of SAVs. This approach provides a novel access to high-throughput detection of protein variants, which may offer the potential for clinical biomarker discovery and mechanistic research.展开更多
文摘Wu et al recently applied multi-region 16S rRNA sequencing to characterize the gastric cancer microbiome,demonstrating improved taxonomic resolution and detection sensitivity over conventional single-region approaches.While the study represents a valuable methodological step forward,it remains limited by singlecenter design,lack of quantitative calibration,and insufficient control for contamination and inter-laboratory variability.This editorial critically appraises these methodological gaps and emphasizes that future efforts must focus on harmonized,consensus-driven workflows to ensure reproducibility and clinical reliability.The translational potential of multi-region 16S lies in moving from descriptive microbial profiling to actionable clinical integration,particularly for recurrence prediction,treatment-response monitoring,and perioperative complication risk assessment.By addressing these methodological,economic,and ethical challenges,the field can advance toward evidence-based and clinically deployable microbiome-guided precision oncology.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81460093)the Ningxia Nature Science Funding from the Department of Science and Technology of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region(No.NZ16194)
文摘AIM: To investigate whether the gene variants in MYOC and ABCA1 are associated with primary angle-closure glaucoma(PACG) and anterior chamber depth(ACD) and axial length(AL) in samples from northern China. METHODS: The present case-control association study consisted of 500 PACG patients and 720 unrelated controls. Each participant was genotyped for eleven single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) in MYOC and ABCA1 genes(rs12076134, rs183532, rs235875 and rs235913 in MYOC, rs2422493, rs2487042, rs2472496, rs2472493, rs2487032, rs2472459 and rs2472519 near ABCA1) using an improved multiplex ligation detection reaction(iMLDR) technique. The genetic association analyses were performed by PLINK using a logistic regression model. The association between genotypes and ocular biometric parameters was performed by SPSS using generalized estimation equation. Bonferroni corrections wereimplemented and the statistical power was calculated by the Power and Sample Size Calculation. RESULTS: Two SNPs rs183532 and rs235875 as well as a haplotype TTC in MYOC were nominally associated with PACG despite the significance was lost after Bonferroni correction. No association was observed between ABCA1 and PACG, neither did the association between these variants and ACD as well as AL. CONCLUSION: The present study suggests MYOC and ABCA1 do not play a part in the pathogenesis of PACG as well as the regulation of ocular biometric parameters in a northern Chinese population. Further investigations with large sample size are needed to verify this consequence.
文摘Two landmark studies demonstrate synergistic approaches to gastrointestinal cancer management.Lin et al identified activin A receptor type 1C polymor-phisms(rs4556933/rs77886248)as esophageal squamous cell carcinoma risk modifiers in Chinese Han populations through a case-control study(1264 patients/1361 controls),revealing transforming growth factor-beta pathway-mediated susceptibility in older male smokers(P<0.001).Concurrently,Luo et al established imaging-based differentiation of pancreatic cancer subtypes(pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma vs neuroendocrine tumors)via retrospective analysis of 500 cases(area under the curve=0.89),enabling earlier intervention.These findings underscore the transformative potential of combining genetic risk stratification with advanced imaging to guide precision screening and therapeutic strategies,addressing critical gaps in esophageal and pancreatic cancer outcomes.
基金supported by the One Hundred Talents Program of Shanxi Province,China (201144)the Key Science and Technology Project of Shanxi Province,China (200903110300)
文摘Using scanning electron microscopy, we investigated the distribution of the trichoid, basiconic, and coeloconic sensilla on the antennae of the diamondback moth （DBM;Plutella xylostella）. The trichoid sensilla were the most abundant sensory organ, and the male moth antennae host signiifcantly more trichoid sensilla than female moth antennae. Conversely, basiconic and coeloconic sensilla were found more frequently on female than on male antennae. We performed experiments with various degrees of antennal ablation and demonstrated that DBM antennae played a key role in the control of mating and oviposition. We found that neither oviposition preference nor mating behaviors changed signiifcantly when less than 1/4 of both antennae were removed. However, there was a signiifcant behavioral change when the antennae were ablated by more than half. As the length of the antenna was shortened, the successful mating rate decreased and mating peak was delayed. An otherwise consistent host preference for oviposition was eliminated when both antennae were completely removed. Furthermore, we found that the number of trichoid sensilla was positively correlated with mating rate and oviposition preference. However, the numbers of basiconic and coeloconic sensilla were not correlated with mating rate and mating peak, but highly correlated with oviposition preference. Taken together, our results indicate that antennal sensory information plays a critical role in the mating and oviposition behaviors of this economically important pest.
基金Tianjin Natural Science Foundation (23JCYBJC00660)Tianjin Enterprise Science and Technology Commissioner Project (23YDTPJC00490)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (52203066, 51973157, 61904123)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Grant (2023M742135)State Key Laboratory of Membrane and Membrane Separation, Tiangong University。
文摘Oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction(OER) are the key reactions in numerous renewable energy devices. Unlike conventional powdered catalysts, self-supported catalysts are extensively employed in oxygen electrocatalysis because of the enhanced electron-transfer rate, high specific surface area, and superior mechanical flexibility. Among the self-supported conductive substrates, carbon fiber usually exhibits several distinctive advantages, such as a straightforward preparation process, relatively low cost, good stability, and excellent conductivity. Against this background,carbon fiber-based self-supported electrocatalysts have been widely applied and studied in oxygen electrocatalysis, indicating a promising development direction in oxygen electrocatalyst research.Thus, it is essential to offer an overall summary of the research progress in this field to facilitate its subsequent development. Taking the regulatory mechanisms and modification methods as a starting point, this review comprehensively summarizes recent research on carbon fiber-based self-supported electrocatalysts in recent years. Firstly, a brief overview of the synthesis methods and regulatory mechanisms of carbon fiber-based self-supported electrocatalysts is given. Furthermore, the view also highlights the modification methods and research progress of self-supported electrocatalysts synthesized on carbon fiber-based substrates in recent years in terms of different dopant atoms. Finally, the prospects for the application of self-supported electrocatalysts based on carbon fiber in oxygen electrocatalysis and the possible future directions of their development are presented. This review summarizes recent developments and applications of self-supported bi-functional electrocatalysts with carbon fiber-based materials as the conducting substrate in oxygen electrocatalysis. It also lays a robust scientific foundation for the subsequent reasonable design of highly effective carbon fiber-based self-supported electrocatalysts.
基金Health Technology Project of Tianjin,No.ZC20175.
文摘BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the most common types of cancers worldwide,ranking fifth among men and seventh among women,resulting in more than 7 million deaths annually.With the development of medical tech-nology,the 5-year survival rate of HCC patients can be increased to 70%.How-ever,HCC patients are often at increased risk of cardiovascular disease(CVD)death due to exposure to potentially cardiotoxic treatments compared with non-HCC patients.Moreover,CVD and cancer have become major disease burdens worldwide.Thus,further research is needed to lessen the risk of CVD death in HCC patient survivors.METHODS This study was conducted on the basis of the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results database and included HCC patients with a diagnosis period from 2010 to 2015.The independent risk factors were identified using the Fine-Gray model.A nomograph was constructed to predict the CVM in HCC patients.The nomograph performance was measured using Harrell’s concordance index(C-index),calibration curve,receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve,and area under the ROC curve(AUC)value.Moreover,the net benefit was estimated via decision curve analysis(DCA).RESULTS The study included 21545 HCC patients,of whom 619 died of CVD.Age(<60)[1.981(1.573-2.496),P<0.001],marital status(married)[unmarried:1.370(1.076-1.745),P=0.011],alpha fetoprotein(normal)[0.778(0.640-0.946),P=0.012],tumor size(≤2 cm)[(2,5]cm:1.420(1.060-1.903),P=0.019;>5 cm:2.090(1.543-2.830),P<0.001],surgery(no)[0.376(0.297-0.476),P<0.001],and chemotherapy(none/unknown)[0.578(0.472-0.709),P<0.001]were independent risk factors for CVD death in HCC patients.The discrimination and calibration of the nomograph were better.The C-index values for the training and validation sets were 0.736 and 0.665,respectively.The AUC values of the ROC curves at 2,4,and 6 years were 0.702,0.725,0.740 in the training set and 0.697,0.710,0.744 in the validation set,respectively.The calibration curves showed that the predicted probab-ilities of the CVM prediction model in the training set vs the validation set were largely consistent with the actual probabilities.DCA demonstrated that the prediction model has a high net benefit.CONCLUSION Risk factors for CVD death in HCC patients were investigated for the first time.The nomograph served as an important reference tool for relevant clinical management decisions.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province China grant[LR22F050006(YM)]the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)grant[62222511(YM)]+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China grant[2023YFF0613000(YM)]the STI 2030-Major Projects grant[2021ZD0200401(YM)].
文摘As nonlinearity is highly correlated with their geometric dimensions,precise fabrication of optical micro/nanofibers(MNFs)has been a longstanding pursuit.Existing MNFs fabrication systems typically adopt horizontal structures,which inherently introduce inaccuracy stem from asymmetry between fiber axis/geometry and chaotic environment due to high temperature airflow,vibration,etc.,leading to deviations from the expected fiber morphology,especially for complex-structured MNFs.Here,we propose and manufacture a MNFs fabrication systems,effectively reducing fiber shape deviations during the fabrication process,enabling the fabrication of precise MNFs.To demonstrate the capability of our system in manufacturing precise structure MNFs,we design and fabricate diameter-gradient microfibers with four cascaded structures over a length of approximately 120 mm and a minimum diameter of about 1μm for on-demand nonlinearity to generate supercontinuum spectrum.Eventually,we obtain supercontinuum spectrum covering 1463-1741 nm at the−10 dB level with an efficiency of 264.62 nm∕kW,exhibiting good flatness and enabling efficient spectral broadening.
文摘The detection of single amino-acid variants （SAVs） usually depends on single-nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） database. Here, we describe a novel method that discovers SAVs at proteome level independent of SNPs data. Using mass spectrometry-based de novo sequencing algorithm, peptide-candidates are identified and compared with theoretical protein database to generate SAVs under pairing strategy, which is followed by database re-searching to control false discovery rate. in human brain tissues, we can confidently identify known and novel protein variants with diverse origins. Combined with DNA/RNA sequencing, we verify SAVs derived from DNA mutations, RNA alternative splicing, and unknown post-transcriptional mechanisms. Furthermore, quantitative analysis in human brain tissues reveals several tissue-specific differential expressions of SAVs. This approach provides a novel access to high-throughput detection of protein variants, which may offer the potential for clinical biomarker discovery and mechanistic research.
