In comparison with traditional anthraquinone methods or electrocatalytic approaches,piezocatalysis for H_(2)O_(2)generation has garnered extensive attention as an environmentally friendly strategy.It is highly anticip...In comparison with traditional anthraquinone methods or electrocatalytic approaches,piezocatalysis for H_(2)O_(2)generation has garnered extensive attention as an environmentally friendly strategy.It is highly anticipated to develop piezocatalysts with strong piezoresponse,high stress sensitivity and high catalytic activity.Here,we present few-layer Bi_(2)O_(2)(OH)NO_(3)(BON)nanosheets(~3-4 unit-cell layers)with oxygen vacancies,synthesized via a one-step method,as an efficient piezoelectric catalyst for dual-channel H_(2)O_(2)production from H_(2)O and air.The few-layer structure endows BON with exceptional mechanical energy harvesting capabilities,while the larger specific surface area facilitates amplifying the modification effects induced by oxygen vacancies.The introduced vacancies boost surface structure asymmetry,creating localized polarization fields and strengthening piezoelectric potential.Simultaneously,the intrinsic effect of oxygen vacancies efficiently facilitates the adsorption and activation of O_(2),H_(2)O,and intermediates,thereby enhancing the piezoelectric catalytic activity.Thus,the optimized BON exhibits a H_(2)O_(2)yield of 1345.24μmol·g^(-1)from pure water and air via two-electron oxygen reduction and two-electron water oxidation reactions,approximately five times higher than the original BON and surpassing the majority of reported piezoelectric catalysts.This work highlights the importance of microstructure control and defect engineering,and emphasizes the crucial role of structure and oxygen vacancy concentration regulation in enhancing the performance of piezoelectric catalysis for H_(2)O_(2)production.It provides valuable guidance for designing high-performance catalysts tailored for sustainable environmental remediation.展开更多
Background:The incidence of combined hepatocellular carcinoma-intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(cHCC-ICC)is relatively low,and the knowledge about the prognosis of cHCC-ICC remains obscure.In the study,we aimed to scree...Background:The incidence of combined hepatocellular carcinoma-intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(cHCC-ICC)is relatively low,and the knowledge about the prognosis of cHCC-ICC remains obscure.In the study,we aimed to screen existing primary liver cancer staging systems and shed light on the prognosis and risk factors for cHCC-ICC.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed 206 cHCC-ICC patients who received curative surgical resection from April 1999 to March 2017.The correlation of survival measures with the histological types or with tumor staging systems was determined and predictive values of tumor staging systems with cHCC-ICC prognosis were compared.Results:The histological type was not associated with overall survival(OS)(P=0.338)or disease-free survival(DFS)(P=0.843)of patients after curative surgical resection.BCLC,TNM for HCC,and TNM for ICC stages correlated with both OS and DFS in cHCC-ICC(all P<0.05).The predictive values of TNM for HCC and TNM for ICC stages were similar in terms of predicting postoperative OS(P=0.798)and DFS(P=0.191)in cHCC-ICC.TNM for HCC was superior to BCLC for predicting postoperative OS(P=0.022)in cHCC-ICC.Conclusion:The TNM for HCC staging system should be prioritized for clinical applications in predicting cHCC-ICC prognosis.展开更多
Salamanders are unique among tetrapods in their ability to regenerate the limbs throughout life.Like other poikilothermic amphibians,salamanders also show a remarkable capacity to survive long periods of starvation.Wh...Salamanders are unique among tetrapods in their ability to regenerate the limbs throughout life.Like other poikilothermic amphibians,salamanders also show a remarkable capacity to survive long periods of starvation.Whether the physiological reserves necessary for tissue regeneration are preserved or sacrificed in starved salamanders is unknown.In the current study,we maintained Iberian ribbed newts(Pleurodeles waltl)under extreme physiological stress to assess the extent of regeneration and identify the molecular and cellular changes that may occur under such conditions.After 19 months of complete food deprivation,the animals exhibited extensive morphological and physiological adaptations but remained behaviorally active and vigilant.Autophagy was elevated in different tissues and the transformed gut microbiota indicated remodeling of the intestinal tract related to autophagy.Upon limb amputation in animals starved for 21 months,regeneration proceeded with progenitor cell proliferation and migration,leading to limb blastema formation.However,limb outgrowth and patterning were substantially attenuated.Blockage of autophagy inhibited cell proliferation and blastema formation in starved animals,but not in fed animals.Hence,tissue autophagy and the regenerative response were tightly coupled only when animals were under stress.Our results demonstrate that under adverse conditions,salamanders can exploit alternative strategies to secure blastema formation for limb regeneration.展开更多
The industrial anthraquinone method for H_(2)O_(2)production has the serious flaws,such as high pollution and energy consumption.Piezocatalytic H2O2 evolution has been proven as a promising strategy,but its progress i...The industrial anthraquinone method for H_(2)O_(2)production has the serious flaws,such as high pollution and energy consumption.Piezocatalytic H2O2 evolution has been proven as a promising strategy,but its progress is hindered by unsatisfied energy conversion efficiency.Hence,we report the efficient piezocatalytic H_(2)O_(2)generation in pure water over oxygen vacancies mediated ultrathin Bi_(4)O_(5)Br_(2)nanosheets(~5 nm).Oxygen vacancies and thin nanostructure not only enhance the piezoelectric properties of Bi_(4)O_(5)Br_(2),but also advance the separation and transfer of piezoinduced charges.Moreover,density functional theory(DFT)calculations also prove that the introduction of oxygen vacancies enhances the O_(2)adsorption and activation ability with largely decreased Gibbs free energy of the reaction pathway.Profiting from these advantages,ultrathin Bi_(4)O_(5)Br_(2)nanosheets optimized by oxygen vacancies exhibit a prominent H_(2)O_(2)evolution rate of 620μmol g^-(1)h^(-1)in pure water and 2700μmol g^-(1)h^(-1)in sacrificial system,dominated by a two-step single electron reaction,which exceeds most of reported piezocatalysts.This work demonstrates that oxygen vacancies and ultrathin structure can synergistically enhance the piezocatalytic performance,which presents perspectives into exploring the strategies of defects and nanostructure fabrication for promoting piezocatalytic activity.展开更多
In this work,the influence of the electrode surface roughness on the self-breakdown gas switch is investigated by physical analysis,computer simulation and experiment.Cu-W electrodes of different surface roughness wer...In this work,the influence of the electrode surface roughness on the self-breakdown gas switch is investigated by physical analysis,computer simulation and experiment.Cu-W electrodes of different surface roughness were tested under the conditions of a pulse repetitive frequency of50 Hz,self-breakdown voltage of~30 kV,and peak current of~2 k A for~93000 shots(the total charge transferred was~15 C).The coefficients of variation of the self-breakdown voltage of Cu-W 0.8,Cu-W 3.2 and Cu-W 12.5 electrodes were~2.95%,~1.62%and~1.16%,respectively.With the increase of electrode roughness,the erosion area decreased continuously,indicating that the breakdown positions were more stable and the coefficient of variation of breakdown voltage decreased.The method showed that decreasing the coefficient of variation of the self-breakdown voltage by increasing the surface roughness of electrode greatly improves the stability of the self-breakdown switch,which is significant for their application in compact highpower pulse power devices over a long time with stable operation.展开更多
Dear Editor,Cognitive impairment is a hallmark of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease（AD）and Parkinson’s disease.Growing evidence has demonstrated that cognitive impairment is closely associate...Dear Editor,Cognitive impairment is a hallmark of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease（AD）and Parkinson’s disease.Growing evidence has demonstrated that cognitive impairment is closely associated with insulin resistance.展开更多
Two new compounds have been isolated from methanol extract of roots of Pulsatilla chinensis(Bunge) Hegel. Their structures were established as 3-oxo-23-hydroxy-lup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid (Ⅱ) and 3-0--L-arabinopyranosy...Two new compounds have been isolated from methanol extract of roots of Pulsatilla chinensis(Bunge) Hegel. Their structures were established as 3-oxo-23-hydroxy-lup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid (Ⅱ) and 3-0--L-arabinopyranosyl-3β, 23-dihydroxylup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid (Ⅲ).展开更多
The high-altitude detection of astronomical radiation(HADAR)experiment is a new Cherenkov observation technique with a wide field of view(FoV),aimed at observing the prompt emissions ofγ-ray bursts(GRBs).The bottlene...The high-altitude detection of astronomical radiation(HADAR)experiment is a new Cherenkov observation technique with a wide field of view(FoV),aimed at observing the prompt emissions ofγ-ray bursts(GRBs).The bottleneck for this type of experiment can be found in determining how to reject the high rate of nightsky background(NSB)noise from random stars.In this work,we propose a novel method for rejecting noise,which considers the spatial properties of GRBs and the temporal characteristics of Cherenkov radiation.In space coordinates,the map between the celestial sphere and the fired photomultiplier tubes(PMTs)on the telescope's camera can be expressed as f(δ(i,j))=δ'(i',j'),which means that a limited number of PMTs is selected from one direction.On the temporal scale,a 20-ns time window was selected based on the knowledge of Cherenkov radiation.This allowed integration of the NSB for a short time interval.Consequently,the angular resolution and effective area at 100 GeV in the HADAR experiment were obtained as 0.2°and 10^(4)m^(2),respectively.This method can be applied to all wide-FoV experiments.展开更多
BACKGROUND Donor-recipient size mismatch(DRSM)is considered a crucial factor for poor outcomes in liver transplantation(LT)because of complications,such as massive intraoperative blood loss(IBL)and early allograft dys...BACKGROUND Donor-recipient size mismatch(DRSM)is considered a crucial factor for poor outcomes in liver transplantation(LT)because of complications,such as massive intraoperative blood loss(IBL)and early allograft dysfunction(EAD).Liver volumetry is performed routinely in living donor LT,but rarely in deceased donor LT(DDLT),which amplifies the adverse effects of DRSM in DDLT.Due to the various shortcomings of traditional manual liver volumetry and formula methods,a feasible model based on intelligent/interactive qualitative and quantitative analysis-three-dimensional(IQQA-3D)for estimating the degree of DRSM is needed.AIM To identify benefits of IQQA-3D liver volumetry in DDLT and establish an estimation model to guide perioperative management.METHODS We retrospectively determined the accuracy of IQQA-3D liver volumetry for standard total liver volume(TLV)(sTLV)and established an estimation TLV(eTLV)index(eTLVi)model.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were drawn to detect the optimal cut-off values for predicting massive IBL and EAD in DDLT using donor sTLV to recipient sTLV(called sTLVi).The factors influencing the occurrence of massive IBL and EAD were explored through logistic regression analysis.Finally,the eTLVi model was compared with the sTLVi model through the ROC curve for verification.RESULTS A total of 133 patients were included in the analysis.The Changzheng formula was accurate for calculating donor sTLV(P=0.083)but not for recipient sTLV(P=0.036).Recipient eTLV calculated using IQQA-3D highly matched with recipient sTLV(P=0.221).Alcoholic liver disease,gastrointestinal bleeding,and sTLVi>1.24 were independent risk factors for massive IBL,and drug-induced liver failure was an independent protective factor for massive IBL.Male donor-female recipient combination,model for end-stage liver disease score,sTLVi≤0.85,and sTLVi≥1.32 were independent risk factors for EAD,and viral hepatitis was an independent protective factor for EAD.The overall survival of patients in the 0.85<sTLVi<1.32 group was better compared to the sTLVi≤0.85 group and sTLVi≥1.32 group(P<0.001).There was no statistically significant difference in the area under the curve of the sTLVi model and IQQA-3D eTLVi model in the detection of massive IBL and EAD(all P>0.05).CONCLUSION IQQA-3D eTLVi model has high accuracy in predicting massive IBL and EAD in DDLT.We should follow the guidance of the IQQA-3D eTLVi model in perioperative management.展开更多
Yb^(3+)-doped phosphors have characteristic near-infrared(NIR)emissions,but their applications in phosphor-converted light-emitting-diodes(pc-LEDs)and Si solar cells are limited due to their mismatching excitation spe...Yb^(3+)-doped phosphors have characteristic near-infrared(NIR)emissions,but their applications in phosphor-converted light-emitting-diodes(pc-LEDs)and Si solar cells are limited due to their mismatching excitation spectra.Here,we selected nitride La3 Si6 N11(LSN)as host material to achieve Yb^(3+)NIR emission upon low-energy charge transfer(CT)excitation.The obtained phosphor LSN:Yb^(3+)has a broad CT excitation band ranging from 250 to 500 nm and narrowband NIR emissions ranging from 950 to 1100 nm centered at 983 nm.On the basis of spectral data,the vacuum referred binding energies(VRBE)schemes are constructed to locate energy levels of all lanthanide ions in LSN.We also fabricated NIR pc-LED device using 395 nm LED chip to demonstrate the potential applications of LSN:Yb^(3+)phosphors.展开更多
The reactive oxygen species(ROS) generation efficiency is always limited by the extreme tumor microenvironment(TME), leading to unsatisfactory antitumor effects in photodynamic therapy(PDT). As a promising gas therapy...The reactive oxygen species(ROS) generation efficiency is always limited by the extreme tumor microenvironment(TME), leading to unsatisfactory antitumor effects in photodynamic therapy(PDT). As a promising gas therapy molecule, nitric oxide(NO) is independent of oxygen and could even synergize ROS to enhance the therapeutic effect. However, the short half-life, instability, and uncontrollable release of exogenous NO limited the application of tumor synergistic therapy. Herein, we reported a novel kind of red-emissive carbon dots(CDs) that was capable of lysosome-targeted and light-controlled NO delivery. The CDs were synthesized by using metformin and methylene blue(MB) via a hydrothermal method.The obtained metformin-MB CDs(MMCDs) exhibited a higher1O2quantum yield and NO generation efficiency under light emitting diode(LED) light irradiation. Noteworthily, the1O2could further in situ oxidize NO into peroxynitrite anions(ONOO-), which own the higher cytotoxicity against cancer cells.Cell experiments indicate that MMCDs could destruct lysosome membrane integrity and kill almost 80%of Hep G2 cells under light irradiation while very low cytotoxicity in the dark. Moreover, MMCDs significantly decreased tumor volume and weight after phototherapy in hepatoma Hep G2-bearing mice. Our study provides a new strategy for light-controlled NO generation as well as precise lysosome-targeting for enhancement of PDT efficiency.展开更多
With a special gauge transformation,the Lax pair of the derivative nonlinear Shcrdinger (DNLS) equation turns to depend on the squared parameter λ = k2instead of the usual spec-tral parameter k. By introducing a new ...With a special gauge transformation,the Lax pair of the derivative nonlinear Shcrdinger (DNLS) equation turns to depend on the squared parameter λ = k2instead of the usual spec-tral parameter k. By introducing a new direct product of Jost solu-tions,the complete Hamiltonian theory of the DNLS equation is constructed on the basis of the squared spectral parameter,which shows that the integrability completeness is still preserved. This result will be beneficial to the further study of the DNLS equation,such as the direct perturbation method.展开更多
The High Altitude Detection of Astronomical Radiation(HADAR)experiment,which was constructed in Xizang,China,combines the wide-angle advantages of traditional EAS array detectors with the high-sensitivity advantages o...The High Altitude Detection of Astronomical Radiation(HADAR)experiment,which was constructed in Xizang,China,combines the wide-angle advantages of traditional EAS array detectors with the high-sensitivity advantages of focused Cherenkov detectors.Its objective is to observe transient sources such as gamma-ray bursts and the counterparts of gravitational waves.This study aims to utilize the latest AI technology to enhance the sensitivity of HADAR experiments.Training datasets and models with distinctive creativity were constructed by incorporating the relevant physical theories for various applications.These models can determine the type,energy,and direction of the incident particles after careful design.We obtained a background identification accuracy of 98.6%,a relative energy reconstruction error of 10.0%,and an angular resolution of 0.22°in a test dataset at 10 TeV.These findings demonstrate the significant potential for enhancing the precision and dependability of detector data analysis in astrophysical research.By using deep learning techniques,the HADAR experiment’s observational sensitivity to the Crab Nebula has surpassed that of MAGIC and H.E.S.S.at energies below 0.5 TeV and remains competitive with conventional narrow-field Cherenkov telescopes at higher energies.In addition,our experiment offers a new approach for dealing with strongly connected,scattered data.展开更多
The sub-Saharan Africa(SSA)region has experienced substantial population growth over the past decades,accompanied by severe hunger and environmental degradation.Underperforming governance is a major driver of unsustai...The sub-Saharan Africa(SSA)region has experienced substantial population growth over the past decades,accompanied by severe hunger and environmental degradation.Underperforming governance is a major driver of unsustainable agricultural production and land use in SSA.The impacts of governance performance on food security and the environment in SSA require better understanding by considering socioeconomic and biophysical dynamics.Using an agro-economic dynamic optimization model,we investigate the impacts of governance performance on land use,greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions,and food security in the SSA region by 2050.Our findings indicate that strong governance could lead to less deforestation,thus reducing GHG emissions in the agriculture,forestry,and other land use(AFOLU)sector.Strong governance could also improve food security,with higher agricultural productivity,lower food prices and food expenditure share,as well as higher self-sufficiency.These findings highlight that those efforts should extend beyond specific agricultural and environmental measures and promote integrated governance to achieve long-term synergies between food and environmental security in SSA.展开更多
Objective:Salt-processed Psoraleae Fructus(SPF)is widely used as a phytoestrogen-like agent in the treatment of osteoporosis.However,due to improper clinical use or misuse,resulting in liver damage.In this study,netwo...Objective:Salt-processed Psoraleae Fructus(SPF)is widely used as a phytoestrogen-like agent in the treatment of osteoporosis.However,due to improper clinical use or misuse,resulting in liver damage.In this study,network pharmacology was employed to analyze the mechanism of cholestatic liver damage.An adeno-associated virus overexpressing SULT1E1(rAAV8-SULT1E1)was constructed and the hepatotoxicity of SPF,psoralen,and isopsoralen was determined.Methods:By utilizing three databases inclding TCMSP,TCMID,and BATMAN-TCM,the targets of the three databases were summarized,and a total of 45 psoralen compounds were included.Network pharmacology analysis was then performed.The adenoviral vectors were injected into the tail vein of C57BL6 mice to elucidate the role of SULT1E1 in SPF-induced cholestasis-mediated hepatotoxicity in vivo.SPF(10 g/kg),psoralen,and isopsoralen(50 mg/kg each)were intragastrically administered to mice for30 d.B-ultrasound and samples were collected and examined for follow-up experiments.Results:A total of 854 targets were predicted for 45 active components,with 151 cholestasis-mediated hepatotoxicity-related disease targets obtained for SPF.A total of 126 pathways were enriched based on KEGG pathway analysis,with the"estrogen signaling pathway"identified as one of the top 20 pathways.In terms of pathological hepatic changes,treated mice had visually swollen hepatocytes,dilated bile ducts,and elevated serum biochemical markers,which were more prominent in mice treated with isopsoralen than in those treated with other compounds.Notably,the overexpression of SULT1E1 could reverse liver damage in each treatment group.B-ultrasound was used to observe the size of the gallbladder in vivo.The size of the gallbladder was found to significantly increase on day 30 after treatment in the SPF-,psoralen-,and isopsoralen-treated groups,especially the SPF group.Compared with the expression levels in the negative control group(rAAV8-empty+con),the expression levels of FXR,Mrp2,Bsep,SULT1E1,SULT2A1,Ntcp,and Nrf2 decreased,whereas those of CYP7a1 and IL-6 increased in the SPF-,psoralen-,and isopsoralen-treated groups.Conclusion:The overexpression of SULT1E1 could alleviate the decreased or increased expression of indicators,indicating that SULT1E1 is an important target gene for SPF-induced liver damage.The severity of liver damage was significantly lower in the rAAV8-SULT1E1 groups than in the rAAV8-empty groups.展开更多
Maintaining optimal indoor environmental conditions for plant growth in greenhouse structures during hot summer periods presents a significant challenge in many regions.While natural and mechanical ventilation methods...Maintaining optimal indoor environmental conditions for plant growth in greenhouse structures during hot summer periods presents a significant challenge in many regions.While natural and mechanical ventilation methods are commonly employed,there is a notable lack of theoretical simulation studies on greenhouse ventilation,particularly those incorporating light radiation and plant transpiration effects.This study employs Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)to simulate greenhouse environments,uniquely integrating both light radiation and plant transpiration factors in the analysis of mechanical ventilation characteristics.Through a combination of tran-sient and steady-state calculations,temperature and humidity fields were comprehensively analyzed.Results indicate that positive pressure ventilation,symmetrical fan arrangement,and longitudinal airflow across plant shelves yield superior performance.Utilizing orthogonal experimental design and range analysis methodologies,a multi-factor variable analysis was conducted.Findings reveal that fan velocity exerts the most significant influence on the temperature field and the theoretical optimal combination was tested,and the most suitable combination scheme is selected according to the simulation results.This research provides valuable theoretical guidance for temperature and humidity control in greenhouses situated in subtropical monsoon climates.展开更多
Plasma cell disorders(PCDs)are marked by the clonal proliferation of abnormal plasma cells and bone marrow plasma cells(BMPCs),causing various clinical complications.These PCDs include subtypes with distinct clinical ...Plasma cell disorders(PCDs)are marked by the clonal proliferation of abnormal plasma cells and bone marrow plasma cells(BMPCs),causing various clinical complications.These PCDs include subtypes with distinct clinical features.Multiple myeloma(MM)and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance(MGUS)are more common and relatively well-studied.In contrast,primary light-chain amyloidosis(AL)and POEMS syndrome(POEMS)are rare and remain less understood.To investigate the role of clonal hematopoietic(CH)mutations and potential interconnections in these diseases,we sequenced CH mutations in lymphoid and myeloid lineages,as well as myeloma driver gene mutations,in BMPCs from affected patients.Recurrent lymphoid CH mutations(in FAT1,KMT2D,MGA,and SYNE1)and myeloma driver gene mutations(in ZFHX3 and DIS3)were found in the dominant clonal and subclonal plasma cell populations.These moderately aging-associated lymphoid CH mutations had a higher burden in MM than in AL or POEMS.Binary matrix factorization of these mutations revealed the subgroups associated with progression-free survival(PFS)(observed in MM,AL,and POEMS),age at diagnosis(in AL and POEMS),serum differential free light chain(dFLC)levels,plasma cell burden(in AL),and serum vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)levels(in POEMS).Moreover,the poor PFS associated with MGA or SYNE1 mutations was confirmed across MM,AL,and POEMS.CH mutations partially explained the shared pathogenesis of MM,AL,POEMS,and MGUS,and helped identify patient subgroups with specific clinical features.展开更多
文摘In comparison with traditional anthraquinone methods or electrocatalytic approaches,piezocatalysis for H_(2)O_(2)generation has garnered extensive attention as an environmentally friendly strategy.It is highly anticipated to develop piezocatalysts with strong piezoresponse,high stress sensitivity and high catalytic activity.Here,we present few-layer Bi_(2)O_(2)(OH)NO_(3)(BON)nanosheets(~3-4 unit-cell layers)with oxygen vacancies,synthesized via a one-step method,as an efficient piezoelectric catalyst for dual-channel H_(2)O_(2)production from H_(2)O and air.The few-layer structure endows BON with exceptional mechanical energy harvesting capabilities,while the larger specific surface area facilitates amplifying the modification effects induced by oxygen vacancies.The introduced vacancies boost surface structure asymmetry,creating localized polarization fields and strengthening piezoelectric potential.Simultaneously,the intrinsic effect of oxygen vacancies efficiently facilitates the adsorption and activation of O_(2),H_(2)O,and intermediates,thereby enhancing the piezoelectric catalytic activity.Thus,the optimized BON exhibits a H_(2)O_(2)yield of 1345.24μmol·g^(-1)from pure water and air via two-electron oxygen reduction and two-electron water oxidation reactions,approximately five times higher than the original BON and surpassing the majority of reported piezoelectric catalysts.This work highlights the importance of microstructure control and defect engineering,and emphasizes the crucial role of structure and oxygen vacancy concentration regulation in enhancing the performance of piezoelectric catalysis for H_(2)O_(2)production.It provides valuable guidance for designing high-performance catalysts tailored for sustainable environmental remediation.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(17ZR1405400).
文摘Background:The incidence of combined hepatocellular carcinoma-intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(cHCC-ICC)is relatively low,and the knowledge about the prognosis of cHCC-ICC remains obscure.In the study,we aimed to screen existing primary liver cancer staging systems and shed light on the prognosis and risk factors for cHCC-ICC.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed 206 cHCC-ICC patients who received curative surgical resection from April 1999 to March 2017.The correlation of survival measures with the histological types or with tumor staging systems was determined and predictive values of tumor staging systems with cHCC-ICC prognosis were compared.Results:The histological type was not associated with overall survival(OS)(P=0.338)or disease-free survival(DFS)(P=0.843)of patients after curative surgical resection.BCLC,TNM for HCC,and TNM for ICC stages correlated with both OS and DFS in cHCC-ICC(all P<0.05).The predictive values of TNM for HCC and TNM for ICC stages were similar in terms of predicting postoperative OS(P=0.798)and DFS(P=0.191)in cHCC-ICC.TNM for HCC was superior to BCLC for predicting postoperative OS(P=0.022)in cHCC-ICC.Conclusion:The TNM for HCC staging system should be prioritized for clinical applications in predicting cHCC-ICC prognosis.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31771617)and HZAU-AGIS Cooperation Fund(SZYJY2021009)。
文摘Salamanders are unique among tetrapods in their ability to regenerate the limbs throughout life.Like other poikilothermic amphibians,salamanders also show a remarkable capacity to survive long periods of starvation.Whether the physiological reserves necessary for tissue regeneration are preserved or sacrificed in starved salamanders is unknown.In the current study,we maintained Iberian ribbed newts(Pleurodeles waltl)under extreme physiological stress to assess the extent of regeneration and identify the molecular and cellular changes that may occur under such conditions.After 19 months of complete food deprivation,the animals exhibited extensive morphological and physiological adaptations but remained behaviorally active and vigilant.Autophagy was elevated in different tissues and the transformed gut microbiota indicated remodeling of the intestinal tract related to autophagy.Upon limb amputation in animals starved for 21 months,regeneration proceeded with progenitor cell proliferation and migration,leading to limb blastema formation.However,limb outgrowth and patterning were substantially attenuated.Blockage of autophagy inhibited cell proliferation and blastema formation in starved animals,but not in fed animals.Hence,tissue autophagy and the regenerative response were tightly coupled only when animals were under stress.Our results demonstrate that under adverse conditions,salamanders can exploit alternative strategies to secure blastema formation for limb regeneration.
文摘The industrial anthraquinone method for H_(2)O_(2)production has the serious flaws,such as high pollution and energy consumption.Piezocatalytic H2O2 evolution has been proven as a promising strategy,but its progress is hindered by unsatisfied energy conversion efficiency.Hence,we report the efficient piezocatalytic H_(2)O_(2)generation in pure water over oxygen vacancies mediated ultrathin Bi_(4)O_(5)Br_(2)nanosheets(~5 nm).Oxygen vacancies and thin nanostructure not only enhance the piezoelectric properties of Bi_(4)O_(5)Br_(2),but also advance the separation and transfer of piezoinduced charges.Moreover,density functional theory(DFT)calculations also prove that the introduction of oxygen vacancies enhances the O_(2)adsorption and activation ability with largely decreased Gibbs free energy of the reaction pathway.Profiting from these advantages,ultrathin Bi_(4)O_(5)Br_(2)nanosheets optimized by oxygen vacancies exhibit a prominent H_(2)O_(2)evolution rate of 620μmol g^-(1)h^(-1)in pure water and 2700μmol g^-(1)h^(-1)in sacrificial system,dominated by a two-step single electron reaction,which exceeds most of reported piezocatalysts.This work demonstrates that oxygen vacancies and ultrathin structure can synergistically enhance the piezocatalytic performance,which presents perspectives into exploring the strategies of defects and nanostructure fabrication for promoting piezocatalytic activity.
基金Huxiang Youth Talent Support Program(No.2020RC3030)State Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Laser Technology(No.SK2021ZR02)。
文摘In this work,the influence of the electrode surface roughness on the self-breakdown gas switch is investigated by physical analysis,computer simulation and experiment.Cu-W electrodes of different surface roughness were tested under the conditions of a pulse repetitive frequency of50 Hz,self-breakdown voltage of~30 kV,and peak current of~2 k A for~93000 shots(the total charge transferred was~15 C).The coefficients of variation of the self-breakdown voltage of Cu-W 0.8,Cu-W 3.2 and Cu-W 12.5 electrodes were~2.95%,~1.62%and~1.16%,respectively.With the increase of electrode roughness,the erosion area decreased continuously,indicating that the breakdown positions were more stable and the coefficient of variation of breakdown voltage decreased.The method showed that decreasing the coefficient of variation of the self-breakdown voltage by increasing the surface roughness of electrode greatly improves the stability of the self-breakdown switch,which is significant for their application in compact highpower pulse power devices over a long time with stable operation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81471037 and 81770841)the "Six Kinds of Talents Summit" of Jiangsu Province, China (SWYY-051)+1 种基金Basic Research Program of Education Department of Jiangsu Province, China (14KJA180006)the Program for New Technology of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment at Nantong (MS22016024)
文摘Dear Editor,Cognitive impairment is a hallmark of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease（AD）and Parkinson’s disease.Growing evidence has demonstrated that cognitive impairment is closely associated with insulin resistance.
文摘Two new compounds have been isolated from methanol extract of roots of Pulsatilla chinensis(Bunge) Hegel. Their structures were established as 3-oxo-23-hydroxy-lup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid (Ⅱ) and 3-0--L-arabinopyranosyl-3β, 23-dihydroxylup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid (Ⅲ).
基金supported by the Key R&D Program of Sichuan Province (Nos. 2019ZYZF0001 and 2020YFSY0016)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 11873005,12047575, 11705103, 11635011, U1831208, U1632104, 11875264U2031110)
文摘The high-altitude detection of astronomical radiation(HADAR)experiment is a new Cherenkov observation technique with a wide field of view(FoV),aimed at observing the prompt emissions ofγ-ray bursts(GRBs).The bottleneck for this type of experiment can be found in determining how to reject the high rate of nightsky background(NSB)noise from random stars.In this work,we propose a novel method for rejecting noise,which considers the spatial properties of GRBs and the temporal characteristics of Cherenkov radiation.In space coordinates,the map between the celestial sphere and the fired photomultiplier tubes(PMTs)on the telescope's camera can be expressed as f(δ(i,j))=δ'(i',j'),which means that a limited number of PMTs is selected from one direction.On the temporal scale,a 20-ns time window was selected based on the knowledge of Cherenkov radiation.This allowed integration of the NSB for a short time interval.Consequently,the angular resolution and effective area at 100 GeV in the HADAR experiment were obtained as 0.2°and 10^(4)m^(2),respectively.This method can be applied to all wide-FoV experiments.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82172628。
文摘BACKGROUND Donor-recipient size mismatch(DRSM)is considered a crucial factor for poor outcomes in liver transplantation(LT)because of complications,such as massive intraoperative blood loss(IBL)and early allograft dysfunction(EAD).Liver volumetry is performed routinely in living donor LT,but rarely in deceased donor LT(DDLT),which amplifies the adverse effects of DRSM in DDLT.Due to the various shortcomings of traditional manual liver volumetry and formula methods,a feasible model based on intelligent/interactive qualitative and quantitative analysis-three-dimensional(IQQA-3D)for estimating the degree of DRSM is needed.AIM To identify benefits of IQQA-3D liver volumetry in DDLT and establish an estimation model to guide perioperative management.METHODS We retrospectively determined the accuracy of IQQA-3D liver volumetry for standard total liver volume(TLV)(sTLV)and established an estimation TLV(eTLV)index(eTLVi)model.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were drawn to detect the optimal cut-off values for predicting massive IBL and EAD in DDLT using donor sTLV to recipient sTLV(called sTLVi).The factors influencing the occurrence of massive IBL and EAD were explored through logistic regression analysis.Finally,the eTLVi model was compared with the sTLVi model through the ROC curve for verification.RESULTS A total of 133 patients were included in the analysis.The Changzheng formula was accurate for calculating donor sTLV(P=0.083)but not for recipient sTLV(P=0.036).Recipient eTLV calculated using IQQA-3D highly matched with recipient sTLV(P=0.221).Alcoholic liver disease,gastrointestinal bleeding,and sTLVi>1.24 were independent risk factors for massive IBL,and drug-induced liver failure was an independent protective factor for massive IBL.Male donor-female recipient combination,model for end-stage liver disease score,sTLVi≤0.85,and sTLVi≥1.32 were independent risk factors for EAD,and viral hepatitis was an independent protective factor for EAD.The overall survival of patients in the 0.85<sTLVi<1.32 group was better compared to the sTLVi≤0.85 group and sTLVi≥1.32 group(P<0.001).There was no statistically significant difference in the area under the curve of the sTLVi model and IQQA-3D eTLVi model in the detection of massive IBL and EAD(all P>0.05).CONCLUSION IQQA-3D eTLVi model has high accuracy in predicting massive IBL and EAD in DDLT.We should follow the guidance of the IQQA-3D eTLVi model in perioperative management.
基金Project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(51832005,51972020)。
文摘Yb^(3+)-doped phosphors have characteristic near-infrared(NIR)emissions,but their applications in phosphor-converted light-emitting-diodes(pc-LEDs)and Si solar cells are limited due to their mismatching excitation spectra.Here,we selected nitride La3 Si6 N11(LSN)as host material to achieve Yb^(3+)NIR emission upon low-energy charge transfer(CT)excitation.The obtained phosphor LSN:Yb^(3+)has a broad CT excitation band ranging from 250 to 500 nm and narrowband NIR emissions ranging from 950 to 1100 nm centered at 983 nm.On the basis of spectral data,the vacuum referred binding energies(VRBE)schemes are constructed to locate energy levels of all lanthanide ions in LSN.We also fabricated NIR pc-LED device using 395 nm LED chip to demonstrate the potential applications of LSN:Yb^(3+)phosphors.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.52172033 and 22005280)the support from the support of the Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of the Ministry of Education, Anhui University, China+1 种基金the support from the Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Polymer Materials of Anhui Province, ChinaKey Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry of Anhui Province, Anhui University, China。
文摘The reactive oxygen species(ROS) generation efficiency is always limited by the extreme tumor microenvironment(TME), leading to unsatisfactory antitumor effects in photodynamic therapy(PDT). As a promising gas therapy molecule, nitric oxide(NO) is independent of oxygen and could even synergize ROS to enhance the therapeutic effect. However, the short half-life, instability, and uncontrollable release of exogenous NO limited the application of tumor synergistic therapy. Herein, we reported a novel kind of red-emissive carbon dots(CDs) that was capable of lysosome-targeted and light-controlled NO delivery. The CDs were synthesized by using metformin and methylene blue(MB) via a hydrothermal method.The obtained metformin-MB CDs(MMCDs) exhibited a higher1O2quantum yield and NO generation efficiency under light emitting diode(LED) light irradiation. Noteworthily, the1O2could further in situ oxidize NO into peroxynitrite anions(ONOO-), which own the higher cytotoxicity against cancer cells.Cell experiments indicate that MMCDs could destruct lysosome membrane integrity and kill almost 80%of Hep G2 cells under light irradiation while very low cytotoxicity in the dark. Moreover, MMCDs significantly decreased tumor volume and weight after phototherapy in hepatoma Hep G2-bearing mice. Our study provides a new strategy for light-controlled NO generation as well as precise lysosome-targeting for enhancement of PDT efficiency.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10705022)
文摘With a special gauge transformation,the Lax pair of the derivative nonlinear Shcrdinger (DNLS) equation turns to depend on the squared parameter λ = k2instead of the usual spec-tral parameter k. By introducing a new direct product of Jost solu-tions,the complete Hamiltonian theory of the DNLS equation is constructed on the basis of the squared spectral parameter,which shows that the integrability completeness is still preserved. This result will be beneficial to the further study of the DNLS equation,such as the direct perturbation method.
文摘The High Altitude Detection of Astronomical Radiation(HADAR)experiment,which was constructed in Xizang,China,combines the wide-angle advantages of traditional EAS array detectors with the high-sensitivity advantages of focused Cherenkov detectors.Its objective is to observe transient sources such as gamma-ray bursts and the counterparts of gravitational waves.This study aims to utilize the latest AI technology to enhance the sensitivity of HADAR experiments.Training datasets and models with distinctive creativity were constructed by incorporating the relevant physical theories for various applications.These models can determine the type,energy,and direction of the incident particles after careful design.We obtained a background identification accuracy of 98.6%,a relative energy reconstruction error of 10.0%,and an angular resolution of 0.22°in a test dataset at 10 TeV.These findings demonstrate the significant potential for enhancing the precision and dependability of detector data analysis in astrophysical research.By using deep learning techniques,the HADAR experiment’s observational sensitivity to the Crab Nebula has surpassed that of MAGIC and H.E.S.S.at energies below 0.5 TeV and remains competitive with conventional narrow-field Cherenkov telescopes at higher energies.In addition,our experiment offers a new approach for dealing with strongly connected,scattered data.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(grant nos.72273126,72104213,and 72134006)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant no.2020YFA0608604)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(grant no.S20230139)
文摘The sub-Saharan Africa(SSA)region has experienced substantial population growth over the past decades,accompanied by severe hunger and environmental degradation.Underperforming governance is a major driver of unsustainable agricultural production and land use in SSA.The impacts of governance performance on food security and the environment in SSA require better understanding by considering socioeconomic and biophysical dynamics.Using an agro-economic dynamic optimization model,we investigate the impacts of governance performance on land use,greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions,and food security in the SSA region by 2050.Our findings indicate that strong governance could lead to less deforestation,thus reducing GHG emissions in the agriculture,forestry,and other land use(AFOLU)sector.Strong governance could also improve food security,with higher agricultural productivity,lower food prices and food expenditure share,as well as higher self-sufficiency.These findings highlight that those efforts should extend beyond specific agricultural and environmental measures and promote integrated governance to achieve long-term synergies between food and environmental security in SSA.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81973484 and 82304736)the 2022 Natural Science Foundation of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine(XZR2021085)。
文摘Objective:Salt-processed Psoraleae Fructus(SPF)is widely used as a phytoestrogen-like agent in the treatment of osteoporosis.However,due to improper clinical use or misuse,resulting in liver damage.In this study,network pharmacology was employed to analyze the mechanism of cholestatic liver damage.An adeno-associated virus overexpressing SULT1E1(rAAV8-SULT1E1)was constructed and the hepatotoxicity of SPF,psoralen,and isopsoralen was determined.Methods:By utilizing three databases inclding TCMSP,TCMID,and BATMAN-TCM,the targets of the three databases were summarized,and a total of 45 psoralen compounds were included.Network pharmacology analysis was then performed.The adenoviral vectors were injected into the tail vein of C57BL6 mice to elucidate the role of SULT1E1 in SPF-induced cholestasis-mediated hepatotoxicity in vivo.SPF(10 g/kg),psoralen,and isopsoralen(50 mg/kg each)were intragastrically administered to mice for30 d.B-ultrasound and samples were collected and examined for follow-up experiments.Results:A total of 854 targets were predicted for 45 active components,with 151 cholestasis-mediated hepatotoxicity-related disease targets obtained for SPF.A total of 126 pathways were enriched based on KEGG pathway analysis,with the"estrogen signaling pathway"identified as one of the top 20 pathways.In terms of pathological hepatic changes,treated mice had visually swollen hepatocytes,dilated bile ducts,and elevated serum biochemical markers,which were more prominent in mice treated with isopsoralen than in those treated with other compounds.Notably,the overexpression of SULT1E1 could reverse liver damage in each treatment group.B-ultrasound was used to observe the size of the gallbladder in vivo.The size of the gallbladder was found to significantly increase on day 30 after treatment in the SPF-,psoralen-,and isopsoralen-treated groups,especially the SPF group.Compared with the expression levels in the negative control group(rAAV8-empty+con),the expression levels of FXR,Mrp2,Bsep,SULT1E1,SULT2A1,Ntcp,and Nrf2 decreased,whereas those of CYP7a1 and IL-6 increased in the SPF-,psoralen-,and isopsoralen-treated groups.Conclusion:The overexpression of SULT1E1 could alleviate the decreased or increased expression of indicators,indicating that SULT1E1 is an important target gene for SPF-induced liver damage.The severity of liver damage was significantly lower in the rAAV8-SULT1E1 groups than in the rAAV8-empty groups.
文摘Maintaining optimal indoor environmental conditions for plant growth in greenhouse structures during hot summer periods presents a significant challenge in many regions.While natural and mechanical ventilation methods are commonly employed,there is a notable lack of theoretical simulation studies on greenhouse ventilation,particularly those incorporating light radiation and plant transpiration effects.This study employs Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)to simulate greenhouse environments,uniquely integrating both light radiation and plant transpiration factors in the analysis of mechanical ventilation characteristics.Through a combination of tran-sient and steady-state calculations,temperature and humidity fields were comprehensively analyzed.Results indicate that positive pressure ventilation,symmetrical fan arrangement,and longitudinal airflow across plant shelves yield superior performance.Utilizing orthogonal experimental design and range analysis methodologies,a multi-factor variable analysis was conducted.Findings reveal that fan velocity exerts the most significant influence on the temperature field and the theoretical optimal combination was tested,and the most suitable combination scheme is selected according to the simulation results.This research provides valuable theoretical guidance for temperature and humidity control in greenhouses situated in subtropical monsoon climates.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.81974011,81974007,and 82270214)the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(Grant No.2021-I2M-1-019)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant Nos.3332021002 and 3332022161)the National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(Grant No.2022-PUMCH-B-046),China.
文摘Plasma cell disorders(PCDs)are marked by the clonal proliferation of abnormal plasma cells and bone marrow plasma cells(BMPCs),causing various clinical complications.These PCDs include subtypes with distinct clinical features.Multiple myeloma(MM)and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance(MGUS)are more common and relatively well-studied.In contrast,primary light-chain amyloidosis(AL)and POEMS syndrome(POEMS)are rare and remain less understood.To investigate the role of clonal hematopoietic(CH)mutations and potential interconnections in these diseases,we sequenced CH mutations in lymphoid and myeloid lineages,as well as myeloma driver gene mutations,in BMPCs from affected patients.Recurrent lymphoid CH mutations(in FAT1,KMT2D,MGA,and SYNE1)and myeloma driver gene mutations(in ZFHX3 and DIS3)were found in the dominant clonal and subclonal plasma cell populations.These moderately aging-associated lymphoid CH mutations had a higher burden in MM than in AL or POEMS.Binary matrix factorization of these mutations revealed the subgroups associated with progression-free survival(PFS)(observed in MM,AL,and POEMS),age at diagnosis(in AL and POEMS),serum differential free light chain(dFLC)levels,plasma cell burden(in AL),and serum vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)levels(in POEMS).Moreover,the poor PFS associated with MGA or SYNE1 mutations was confirmed across MM,AL,and POEMS.CH mutations partially explained the shared pathogenesis of MM,AL,POEMS,and MGUS,and helped identify patient subgroups with specific clinical features.
