An ionic liquid ion source(ILIS)is a kind of high brightness ion source capable of providing high-speed positive or negative ion beams.This paper presents a miniaturized ILIS based on an array of porous metal strips.T...An ionic liquid ion source(ILIS)is a kind of high brightness ion source capable of providing high-speed positive or negative ion beams.This paper presents a miniaturized ILIS based on an array of porous metal strips.The porous emitter array,integrated with seven 10 mm long strips,is fabricated using wire electrical discharge machining(WEDM)combined with electrochemical etching.The assembled ILIS is 30 mm×30 mm×17.5 mm in size and weighs less than 25 g.A series of experiments,including anⅠ-Ⅴcharacteristic test,a retarding potential analyzer(RPA)test,and a spatial plume distribution test,have been conducted in vacuo to characterize the performance of the ILIS.Results show that the emitted current is up to about 800μA and ion transparency is as high as 94%.Besides,RPA curves reveal that the total fragmentation rate of the emitted particles accounts for 48.8%in positive mode and 59.8%in negative mode.Further,with the increase in applied acceleration voltage,the voltage loss rises while the energy efficiency decreases.It is also found that the plume perpendicular to the strips has a higher divergence than the one parallel to the strips.A numerical simulation by COMSOL reveals that the electric field distribution between the two electrodes results in such a spatial plume profile.展开更多
Though tremendous efforts have been made to investigate electrospray,some aspects,such as the evolution of the menisci on the micropores of porous emitter tips and the transient response of the meniscus during the pol...Though tremendous efforts have been made to investigate electrospray,some aspects,such as the evolution of the menisci on the micropores of porous emitter tips and the transient response of the meniscus during the polarity alternation,need to be further understood.This paper presents a computation fluid dynamics(CFD)model to describe the meniscus formation in the ionic liquid electrospray process.The CFD model,based on the Taylor–Melcher leaky dielectric fluid theory and the volume of fluid(VOF)method,is validated by experiments.The evolution of the meniscus on the basis of a micropore is presented using two typical ionic liquids,EMI-BF_(4) and EMI-Im.The influences of the pore size,flow rate and applied voltage on the formation of the meniscus have been studied.Results show that a larger pore is more likely to start emission,and the time consumed for liquid meniscus formation decreases with increasing applied voltage and flow rate.Further,it is found that alternation of polarity does not destroy the structure of the meniscus but retards the formation process,and a faster polarity alteration leads to a shorter delay in meniscus formation time.展开更多
Field emission electric propulsion(FEEP) thrusters possess excellent characteristics, such as high specific impulse, low power requirements, compact size and precise pointing capabilities,making them ideal propulsion ...Field emission electric propulsion(FEEP) thrusters possess excellent characteristics, such as high specific impulse, low power requirements, compact size and precise pointing capabilities,making them ideal propulsion devices for micro-nano satellites. However, the detection of certain aspects, such as the evolution process of the liquid cone and the physical quantities at the cone apex, proves challenging due to the minute size of the needle tip and the vacuum environment in which they operate. Consequently, this paper introduces a computational fluid dynamics(CFD) model to gain insight into the formation process of the liquid cone on the tip apex of indium FEEP. The CFD model is based on electrohydrodynamic(EHD) equations and the volume of fluid(VOF) method. The entire cone formation process can be divided into three stages, and the time-dependent characteristics of the physical quantities at the cone apex are investigated. The influences of film thickness, apex radius size and applied voltage are compared.The results indicate a gradual increase in the values of electrostatic stress and surface tension stress at the cone apex over an initial period, followed by a rapid escalation within a short duration.Apex configurations featuring a small radius, thick film and high voltage exhibit a propensity for liquid cone formation, and the cone growth time decreases as the film thickness increases.Moreover, some unstable behavior is observed during the cone formation process.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52075334)。
文摘An ionic liquid ion source(ILIS)is a kind of high brightness ion source capable of providing high-speed positive or negative ion beams.This paper presents a miniaturized ILIS based on an array of porous metal strips.The porous emitter array,integrated with seven 10 mm long strips,is fabricated using wire electrical discharge machining(WEDM)combined with electrochemical etching.The assembled ILIS is 30 mm×30 mm×17.5 mm in size and weighs less than 25 g.A series of experiments,including anⅠ-Ⅴcharacteristic test,a retarding potential analyzer(RPA)test,and a spatial plume distribution test,have been conducted in vacuo to characterize the performance of the ILIS.Results show that the emitted current is up to about 800μA and ion transparency is as high as 94%.Besides,RPA curves reveal that the total fragmentation rate of the emitted particles accounts for 48.8%in positive mode and 59.8%in negative mode.Further,with the increase in applied acceleration voltage,the voltage loss rises while the energy efficiency decreases.It is also found that the plume perpendicular to the strips has a higher divergence than the one parallel to the strips.A numerical simulation by COMSOL reveals that the electric field distribution between the two electrodes results in such a spatial plume profile.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52075334)。
文摘Though tremendous efforts have been made to investigate electrospray,some aspects,such as the evolution of the menisci on the micropores of porous emitter tips and the transient response of the meniscus during the polarity alternation,need to be further understood.This paper presents a computation fluid dynamics(CFD)model to describe the meniscus formation in the ionic liquid electrospray process.The CFD model,based on the Taylor–Melcher leaky dielectric fluid theory and the volume of fluid(VOF)method,is validated by experiments.The evolution of the meniscus on the basis of a micropore is presented using two typical ionic liquids,EMI-BF_(4) and EMI-Im.The influences of the pore size,flow rate and applied voltage on the formation of the meniscus have been studied.Results show that a larger pore is more likely to start emission,and the time consumed for liquid meniscus formation decreases with increasing applied voltage and flow rate.Further,it is found that alternation of polarity does not destroy the structure of the meniscus but retards the formation process,and a faster polarity alteration leads to a shorter delay in meniscus formation time.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52075334)。
文摘Field emission electric propulsion(FEEP) thrusters possess excellent characteristics, such as high specific impulse, low power requirements, compact size and precise pointing capabilities,making them ideal propulsion devices for micro-nano satellites. However, the detection of certain aspects, such as the evolution process of the liquid cone and the physical quantities at the cone apex, proves challenging due to the minute size of the needle tip and the vacuum environment in which they operate. Consequently, this paper introduces a computational fluid dynamics(CFD) model to gain insight into the formation process of the liquid cone on the tip apex of indium FEEP. The CFD model is based on electrohydrodynamic(EHD) equations and the volume of fluid(VOF) method. The entire cone formation process can be divided into three stages, and the time-dependent characteristics of the physical quantities at the cone apex are investigated. The influences of film thickness, apex radius size and applied voltage are compared.The results indicate a gradual increase in the values of electrostatic stress and surface tension stress at the cone apex over an initial period, followed by a rapid escalation within a short duration.Apex configurations featuring a small radius, thick film and high voltage exhibit a propensity for liquid cone formation, and the cone growth time decreases as the film thickness increases.Moreover, some unstable behavior is observed during the cone formation process.
